19. The ritornello in a
concerto is a kind of ____.
1. accompaniment
2. orchestra refrain
3. solo section
4. fugue subject
20. Vivaldi, Four Seasons
(1723)
• 4 Violin concertos (3 mvts each)
• Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
• Written to go with sonnets
• Often depicts characteristics of the season
• program music
21. “Winter”
mvt 1 To tremble from cold in the icy snow,
In the harsh breath of a horrid wind;
To run, stamping one's feet every moment,
Our teeth chattering in the extreme cold
mvt 2 Before the fire to pass peaceful,
Contented days while the rain outside pours down.
mvt 3 We tread the icy path slowly and cautiously,
for fear of tripping and falling.
Then turn abruptly, slip, crash on the ground and,
rising, hasten on across the ice lest it cracks up.
We feel the chill north winds course through the home
despite the locked and bolted doors...
this is winter, which nonetheless brings its own delights.
22. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
23. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
24. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
25. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
26. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
27. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
28. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
29. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
30. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
31. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
32. R1 S1 R2 S2 R3 S3 R4
“to “in the “to run, “our teeth,
tremble harsh chattering
stamping
from cold breath of in the
in the icy a horrid one’s extreme
snow” wind” feet” cold”
33. Program music is music
which:
• 1) has a text (lyrics)
• 2) is performed in concerts
• 3) refers to a story, event, or idea
• 4) is heard in the background
34. In Vivaldi’s Winter, the repetitive figure
in both the orchestra and solo parts
suggests:
• 1) stamping of the feet
• 2) ducks attacking
• 3) trembling in the cold wind
• 4) sitting under a shade tree
35. “Autumn”
mvt 1
Celebrates the peasant, with songs and dances,
The pleasure of a bountiful harvest.
And fired up by Bacchus' liquor, many end their revelry in sleep
mvt 2
Everyone is made to forget their cares and to sing and dance
By the air which is tempered with pleasure
And (by) the season that invites so many, many
Out of their sweetest slumber to fine enjoyment
mvt 3
The hunters emerge at the new dawn,
And with horns and dogs and guns depart upon their hunting
The beast flees and they follow its trail;
Terrified and tired of the great noise
Of guns and dogs, the beast, wounded, threatens
Languidly to flee, but harried, dies.
36. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
37. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
38. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
39. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
40. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
41. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
42. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
43. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
44. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
45. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
46. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
47. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
48. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
S1 S2 S3 S4
a
aabcc aabcc
acc
aa
song & song &
cc
dance dance
sleep
drunk
70. Mozart, Piano Concerto in A, K. 488, mvt. 1
Orchestral Expo 1. lyrical strings
2. energetic full orchestra
3. lyrical, conjunct strings then winds
Solo Expo 1., elaborated soloist
2., modulating orchestra plus soloist
3., new key soloist
4., new theme orchestra
71. Mozart, Piano Concerto in A, K. 488, mvt. 1
Orchestral Expo 1. lyrical strings
2. energetic full orchestra
3. lyrical, conjunct strings then winds
Solo Expo 1., elaborated soloist
2., modulating orchestra plus soloist
3., new key soloist
4., new theme orchestra
72. Development 4., fragmented winds, soloist, orch. dialogue
Recapitulation 1. solo + orch
2., stays in home key solo + orch
3., in home key solo + orch
4., in home key solo + orch
2. orchestra
4. orchestra
Cadenza improvisation soloist
Coda 3. orchestra
73. Development 4., fragmented winds, soloist, orch. dialogue
Recapitulation 1. solo + orch
2., stays in home key solo + orch
3., in home key solo + orch
4., in home key solo + orch
2. orchestra
4. orchestra
Cadenza improvisation soloist
Coda 3. orchestra
