Enhancing forest data transparency for climate action
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New Waste management
1.
2.
3. Certificate
This is to certify that Vivek Jain, student of Shri Vaishnav Academy, Indore have
completed there project on âWASTE MANAGEMENTâ in the year 2016-17.This
project is their original bonafide work carried out by them under our guidance.
They worked sincerely and have given a satisfactory work in the project.
Mr. H.C.Tiwari
(Principal)
Date:- 26-11-16
Place:- INDORE
4. acknowledgements
We Vivek Jain, student of Shri Vaishnav Academy, Indore thank Shri
Vaishnav Vidhyapeeth for giving us this opportunity to present ourselves on
this platform.
Presented by:-
Vivek Jain
5. ï¶ Waste management is all those activities and action required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.
ï¶ This includes amongst other things, collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and
regulation.
ï¶ It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework the relates
to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling etc.
6. âą What are wastes
âą Kinds of waste
âą Classification of Waste
âą Effects of Wastes
âą Magnitude of problem
âą The 3 Râs
âą Impact of Waste
âą Methods of Disposal
âą Problems With Plastics
âą Plastic roads
âą E-waste
âą Process of Recycling E-waste
âą Our Idea About Managing
Waste
âą Waste management Policies
âą Conclusions
7. "Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is
products produced for the market) for which the generator
has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of
production, transformation or consumption, and of which
he/she wants to dispose. Wastes may be generated during
the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw
materials into intermediate and final products, the
consumption of final products, and other human
activities. Residuals recycled or reused at the place of
generation are excluded."
8. KINDS OF WASTES
Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and industrial
wastes
Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles,
cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form.
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries
and other sources
10. âą ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS:
ï Surface water contamination
ï Ground Water contamination
ï Soil contamination
ï Air contamination
âą ECONOMIC EFFECTS:
ï Municipal wellbeing
ï Recycling revenue
ï Economy Increases for every Sector
11. ï Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per
annum
ï With urban population increasing between 3 â 3.5%
per annum
ï Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%
annually
ï India produces more than 42.0 million tons of
municipal solid waste annually.
ï Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to
600 gm per capita / day. Average generation rate at
0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.
17. IMPACTS OF WASTEâŠ
ï” Some states are expected to become warmer,
although sulfates might limit warming in some areas.
ï” Scientists are unable to determine which parts of
those country will become wetter or drier, but there is
likely to be an overall trend toward increased
precipitation and evaporation, more intense
rainstorms, and drier soils.
ï” Whether rainfall increases or decreases cannot be
reliably projected for specific areas.
18. IMPACTS OF WASTEâŠ
ï” Activities that have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere:
ï” Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), and
nitrous oxide (N20).
ï” C02 is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, wood and
wood products, and solid waste.
ï” CH4 is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills, the
raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and
oil.
ï” N02 is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during
combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. In 1977, the US emitted about
one-fifth of total global GHGs.
20. 1. Land Fill
âą It is the most traditional method of waste disposal.
âą Waste is directly dumped into disused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits.
âą Disposed waste is compacted and covered with soil
âą Gases generated by the decomposing waste materials are often burnt to generate
power.
âą It is generally used for domestic waste.
21. âą Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of
solid waste at 1000C.
âą waste materials are converted into ash. , flue gas, and heat.
âą The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and
gases due to organic waste.
âą the heat generated by incineration is used to generate electric power.
22. 3. Compactation
ïœ The waste is compacted or compressed. It also breaks up large or fragile items of
waste.
ïœ This process is conspicuous in the feed at the back end of many garbage collection
vehicles. Deposit refuse at bottom of slope for best compaction and control of
blowing litter.
23. âą Pyrolysis is defined as thermal degradation of waste in the absence of air to
produce char, pyrolysis oil and syngas, e.g. the conversion of wood to
charcoal also it is defined as destructive distillation of waste in the absence
of oxygen. External source of heat is employed in this process.
4.Pyrolysis
24. Biogas typically refers to a mixture of
different gases produced by the
breakdown of organic matter in the
absence of oxygen. Biogas can be
produced from raw materials such as
agricultural waste, manure, municipal
waste, plant material, sewage, green
waste or food waste. It is a renewable
energy source and in many cases exerts
a very small carbon footprint.
5.Making Biogas
25. PROBLEMS WITH PLASTIC
ïŹ Disposal of waste plastic is a major problem
ïŹ It is non-biodegradable Burning of these waste plastic bags causes
environmental pollution.
ïŹ It mainly consists of low-density polyethylene
ïŹ To find its utility in bituminous mix for road construction, laboratory
performance studies were conducted on bituminous mixes Laboratory
studies proved that waste plastic enhances the property of the mix.
ïŹ Improvement in properties of bituminous mix provides the solution
for a useful disposal of plastic waste.
27. âą ADVANTAGES :-
ï No cracking or potholes
ï Resistance to water
ï Reduced cost of maintenance
ï Reduced stress on bitumen which is not an unlimited resource either.
âą DISADVANTAGES :-
ï Cleaning process- Toxics present in the co-mingled plastic waste would
start leaching.
ï During the road laying process- in the presence of chlorine will definitely
release noxious HCL gas.
ï After the road laying- It is opined that the first rain will trigger leaching. As
the plastics will merely form a sticky layer, (mechanical abrasion).
ï The components of the road, once it has been laid, are not inert.
28. Electronic waste (e-waste);
Electronic waste" may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment,
entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets, and refrigerators. This
includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or
disposal. Others are re-usables (working and repairable electronics) and secondary scrap
(copper, steel, plastic, etc.) to be "commodities", and reserve the term "waste" for residue
or material which is dumped by the buyer rather than recycled, including residue from
reuse and recycling operations. Because loads of surplus electronics are frequently
commingled (good, recyclable, and non-recyclable), several public policy advocates
apply the term "e-waste" broadly to all surplus electronics. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) are
considered one of the hardest types to recycle.
29. Why e-waste should be Recycled or Reduced?
âą Because Today Most electronic waste is sent to landfills or
incinerated, which releases materials such as lead, mercury, or
cadmium into the soil, groundwater, and atmosphere, thus
having a negative impact on the environment.
âą Many materials used in computer hardware can be recovered by
recycling for use in future production. Reuse of tin, silicon,
iron, aluminium, and a variety of plastics that are present in
bulk in computers or other electronics can reduce the costs of
constructing new systems. Components frequently contain lead,
copper, gold and other valuable materials suitable for
reclamation.
30. âą It has also adverse effects on human health, such as
inflammation and oxidative stress â precursors to
cardiovascular disease, DNA damage and possibly cancer.
âą It contents Lead which causes many diseases in humans like,
impaired cognitive function, behavioral disturbances, attention
deficits, hyperactivity, conduct problems and lower IQ.
âą These effects are most damaging to children whose developing
nervous systems are very susceptible to damage caused by lead,
cadmium, and mercury .
Why e-waste should be Recycled or Reduced?
31.
32. ïIn INDIA 90% of Mobile equipments are imported from other countries.
ïThe rate of e-waste in INDIA is increasing by 10-15% per year AND in
future it may be increased by 25-30% per year.
ïIn e-waste 70% are all toxic material, so they causes many effects on
environment . Such as, 1)Pollution of Ground Water, 2)Acidification of Soil,
AND 3)Emission of Toxic Dumps and Gases.
ïSo, it is our responsibility to reduce and recycle e-waste.
Oppose all those things;
1)Made with many toxic constituents
2)That canât be recycled
3)That takes too energy.
33.
34. PROCESS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING
ï The e-waste recycling process is highly labor intensive and goes through several steps.
Below is the step-by-step process of how e-waste is recycled,
ï Picking Shed
ï When the e-waste items arrive at the recycling plants, the first step involves sorting all
the items manually. Batteries are removed for quality check.
ï Disassembly
ï After sorting by hand, the second step involves a serious labor intensive process of
manual dismantling. The e-waste items are taken apart to retrieve all the parts and then
categorized into core materials and components. The dismantled items are then separated
into various categories into parts that can be re-used or still continue the recycling
processes.
ï First size reduction process
ï Here, items that cannot be dismantled efficiently are shredded together with the other
dismantled parts to pieces less than 2 inches in diameter. It is done in preparation for
further categorization of the finer e-waste pieces.
35. PROCESS OF E-WASTE RECYCLING
ï Second size reduction process
ï The finer e-waste particles are then evenly spread out through an automated
shaking process on a conveyor belt. The well spread out e-waste pieces are
then broken down further. At this stage, any dust is extracted and discarded
in a way that does not degrade the environmentally.
ï Over-band Magnet
ï At this step, over-band magnet is used to remove all the magnetic materials
including steel and iron from the e-waste debris.
ï Non-metallic and metallic components separation.
ï The sixth step is the separation of metals and non-metallic components.
Copper, aluminum, and brass are separated from the debris to only leave
behind non-metallic materials. The metals are either sold as raw materials
or re-used for fresh manufacture.
ï Water Separation.
ï As the last step, plastic content is separated from glass by use of water. One
separated, all the materials retrieved can then be resold as raw materials for
re-use. The products sold include plastic, glass, copper, iron, steel, shredded
circuit boards, and valuable metal mix.
