Urban Planning during Renaissance Period

1. PL 413Ar:
FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN DESIGN
& COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE
URBAN PLANNING
DURING
RENAISSANCE
prepared by:
ARCEO, Joshua
CORTEZ, Jaimayma
ESTROPIA, Virginia
RECTO, Sofia
VALDEZ, Mary Rose
BSAR-4C
OCTOBER 04, 2016
presented to:
AR. JOSE FRANCISCO ANIAG
SUBJECT INSTRUCTOR

2. RENAISSANCE
G E N E R A L O V E R V I E W

3. RENAISSANCE
G E N E R A L O V E R V I E W
St. Peter’s Square
Rome played a vital role in
development of monumental street
architecture.

4. RENAISSANCE
R E B U I L D I N G R O M E I S S U E S
CIRCULATION
DEFENSE
WATER SUPPLY
SANITATION
POPES IN ROME

5. RENAISSANCE
Fig. 1: Dome of Florence Cathedral, overlooking
the city
Fig. 2: School of Athens (1511) by Raphael
Sanzio

6. FLORENCE
Fort Belvedere designed by Bernardo
Buontalenti, ordered by Ferdinando I Medici

7. Aerial view of Fort Belvedere

8. FACTORS SHAPING
CITIES
Modernization of warfare and the rise of the
nation-state
- - -
Colonial exploration, exploitation, and
expanding networks of trade
- - -
Dangers of rapid urbanization
- - -
Political and geographical divisions within
Christianity

9. RENAISSANCE
I N F L U E N C E S

10. INCREASED PROSPERITY
INCREASING WEALTH PROVIDED THE FINANCIAL
SUPPORT FOR A GROWING NUMBER OF COMMISSIONS OF
LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ART PROJECTS, WHILE THE
TRADE ROUTES UPON WHICH IT WAS BASED ASSISTED
THE SPREAD OF IDEAS AND THUS CONTRIBUTED TO THE
GROWTH OF THE MOVEMENT ACROSS THE CONTINENT.

11. SILK ROAD- THE SILK ROAD WAS AN ANCIENT TRADING
ROUTE THAT EXTENDED BETWEEN CHINA AND THE
MEDITERRANEAN. MANY ITEMS PAST THROUGH EVERYDAY
LIKE FOODS LIKE SPICES, CLOTHING LIKE SILK, AND OTHER
GOODS LIKE PAPER AND GUN POWDER. THIS MADE IT EASIER
FOR COUNTRIES TO TRADE AND SEND LETTERS, IT ALSO
MADE MANY COUNTRIES GREAT SUPERIORITY OVER OTHER
COUNTRIES.

12. WEAKNESS OF THE CHURCH
ST PETER'S BASILICA, ROME,
SHOWING
MADERNO'S FACADE AND THE
ADAPTED
DOME, ORIGINALLY DESIGNED BY
MICHELANGELO. RENAISSANCE
STYLE.
THE WEAK POSITION OF THE CHURCH GAVE
ADDED MOMENTUM TO THE RENAISSANCE. IT
PROMPTED LATER POPES TO SPEND
EXTRAVAGANTLY ON ARCHITECTURE, SCULPTURE
AND PAINTING IN ROME AND IN THE VATICAN IN
ORDER TO RECAPTURE THEIR LOST INFLUENCE.

13. THE RISE OF A MIDDLE CLASS IN EUROPE
WHAT ALLOWED THE SPREAD OF THESE
CLASSICAL IDEAS WAS THE RISE OF THE MIDDLE
CLASS. THEY BEGIN TO FOCUS MORE ON SELF-
IMPROVEMENT, THE WORLD, AND EDUCATION.

14. IT REFORMED EDUCATION.
THE HUMANISTIC REVIVAL REVOLUTIONIZED EDUCATION. THE
SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES DID NOT ESCAPE THE
INFLUENCES OF THIS HUMANISTIC REVIVAL. LIBRARIES WERE
FOUNDED WHERE THE NEW TREASURES MIGHT BE SAFELY
STORED AND MADE ACCESSIBLE TO SCHOLARS. IN THIS
MOVEMENT SOME OF THE LARGEST LIBRARIES OF ITALY HAD
THEIR BEGINNINGS.
THE VESTIBULE OF THE LAURENTIAN LIBRARY

15. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RENAISSANCE
WARFARE BETWEEN THE
STATES WAS COMMON,
INVASION FROM
OUTSIDE ITALY
CONFINED TO
INTERMITTENT SORTIES
OF HOLY ROMAN
EMPERORS.
RENAISSANCE POLITICS
DEVELOPED FROM THIS
BACKGROUND.

16. EKISTICS
M A N
Continuing demand for monumental
religious arts; architects designed secular
structures

17. EKISTICS
S O C I A L
Italian Renaissance social hierarchy. Spanish Renaissance social hierarchy.
Rome-modelled hierarchical settlements, Catholic
Church administrative control, and secular
merchant towns

18. EKISTICS
N E T W O R K
Utilitarian gardening passed by Roman Empire to
Renaissance era.
1583 European Empires global map.
Water utilities passed down from Roman Empire
& expanded network by maritime trade.

19. EKISTICS
N E T W O R K
“Primary straight street" was the basis of
Renaissance urbanism, and that new, direct
routes to facilitate carriage travel were laid.
---
Influence: traffic

20. EKISTICS
N E T W O R K :
C L A S S I F I C A T I O N O F U R B A N
S P A C E S
• TRAFFIC SPACE
• RESIDENTIAL SPACE
• PEDESTRIAN SPACE

21. EKISTICS
N AT U R E
Fig. 3: Crowded Milan, Italy during renaissance.
Elaborate system of
landscape design
which tie the city
together (France,
1630).

22. • ARCHITECTURE PARKS AND
GARDENS
- Tie the city together
- Connecting the palace and the town
• VILLAS AND GARDEN
- Rural counterpart
• PALACE AND PLAZA ITALY
- Gardens are never too large
- Built as terraces because of hilly land
DURING RENAISSANCE

23. RENAISSANCE PRIVATE GARDENS
• full of scenes from ancient
mythology
• The first public gardens were
built by the Spanish Crown in
the 16th century
Renaissance
Private Gardens

24. TERRACED GARDEN
• Bestmodelof gardeningin limited
space
• Showofauthority, wealth,andpower.
• Larger,granderand more symmetrical
• Fordelightof visitors
Terraced Garden

25. POWER AND MAGNIFICENCE
The political
symbolism of the -
Renaissance
garden
Power and Magnificence

26. GARDEN FEATURES
• Allée
• Axis
• Canal
• Cul de sac
• Fountains
• Grottos
• Orangerie
• Parterre de broderie
• Topiary
Garden Features

27. ALLÉE
• straight path or
road with a line
of trees or
large shrubs runn
ing along each
side
• venir ("to come")
/ arrival at
landscape

28. BOSQUET
• A bosquet (french, from italian bosco, "grove,
wood")
• formal plantation of trees, at least five of
identical species planted as a quincunx, or set
in strict regularity as to rank and file, so that
the trunks line up as one passes along either
face.

29. Bosquet in the gardens of Schönbrunn palace in
Vienna. It is shaped like a fan.

30. PARTERRE DE
BRODERIE
• formal garden constructed on a level
surface
• Edged in stone planting beds, no flowers
• symmetrical patterns, separated and
connected by gravel pathways.

31. The left hand side of the completely symmetrical
parterre at Waddesdon Manor, England

32. TOPIARY
• Practice of training live perennial
plants by clipping
the foliage and twigs of trees, sh
rubs and sub shrubs to develop
and maintain clearly defined
shapes, whether geometric or
fanciful.

33. THE PLANTS USED IN
TOPIARY
• evergreen
• mostly woody
• small leaves
• produce dense
foliage
• compact and/or
columnar growth
habits.

34. VILLA MEDICI, FIESOLE,
FLORENCE
• oldest existing Italian
Renaissance garden
• Circa 1455 and 1461
• Giovanni de' Medici
(1421–1463)

35. THE PALAZZO PICCOLOMINI
AT PIENZA, TUSCANY (1459)
• Pope Enea Silvio
Piccolomini (1458-
1464) / Pope Pius
II.

36. EKISTICS
S H E L L
Fig. 3: Crowded Milan, Italy during renaissance. Fig. 4: Great fire of London September 1666.
Rapid urbanization of European society created
fire and plague vulnerable dense city.

37. EKISTICS
S H E L L :
D E V E L O P M E N T A N D
O V E R C R O W D I N G
• NO SANITATION
• FIRE HAZARD BUILDING
MATERIALS
• CONGESTED SETTLEMENTS
SURROUNDING THE CITY

38. URBAN PLANNING
I TA LY

39. PIAZZA DEL
POPOLO
Piazza Del Popolo

40. PIAZZA DEL
POPOLO
Piazza Del Popolo Plan

41. PIAZZA DEL
POPOLO
Piazza Del Popolo Street view

42. SABIONETTA
TOWN
Sabionetta Town

43. SABIONETTA
TOWN
Sabionetta Town Plan

44. PALMANOVA TOWN
Palmanova Town

45. PALMANOVA TOWN
Palmanova Town Plan

46. PIAZZA S.
ANNUNZIATA
Piazza S. Annunziata

47. PIAZZA S.
ANNUNZIATA
Piazza S. Annunziata Plan

48. PIAZZA S.
ANNUNZIATA

49. FERRARA
Fig. 13:
De Re
Aedificatoria
Ferrara City

50. FERRARA
Ferrara City Plan

51. BIAGIO ROSETTI ROSETTI’S PLAN
Biagio Rosetti

52. ADDIZIONE ERCULEA
OVERALL SCHEME
THAT GAVE
PRECEDENCE TO THE
HARMONIOUS
LAYOUT OF URBAN
PERSPECTIVES,
RATHER THAN
ACCENTUATING THE
BEAUTY OF
INDIVIDUAL
BUILDINGS.
Ferrara City

53. DE RE AEDIFICATORIA Leon Batista
Alberti,
foremost
theortitician
of his time
De Re
Aedificatoria

54. URBAN PLANNING
S PA I N

55. RENAISSANCE
S PA I N
First to layout true cities
on their colonies.
---
Laws of the Indies

57. JUAN DE
HERRERA
Juan De Herrera

58. PLAZA MAYOR
Plaza Mayor

59. PLAZA MAYOR

60. THE IDEAL CITY
Model of Da Vinci’s Ideal City. Upper floor: for
gentlemen, lower: carts and animals

61. URBAN PLANNING
F R A N C E

62. KING HENRI IV
King Henry IV

63. PLACE DE VOSGES

64. ANDRE LENOTRE
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECT OF
VERSAILLES
Andre Lenotre

65. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!

66. REFERENCE
• http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-422_t-
1105_c-4271/wa/sose-history/renaissance-and-
reformation/renaissance-in-europe/introduction-
what-was-the-renaissance-
• http://gardenartistics.com/water-gardens-
history/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvedere_(fort)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_urban_
planning#Enlightenment_Europe

67. IMAGE REFERENCE
• FIGURE 1: http://www.paliotours.com/img/firenze-duomo.jpg
• FIGURE 2: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-
ZXhJ5pt1roE/VIny5rY87pI/AAAAAAAAJrA/7cdRk9Mpjug/s1600/Raphael_School_of_Athens.jpg
• FIGURE 3:
http://www.unc.edu/courses/2009spring/hist/151/007/Outlines/16.Renaissance1_files/image002.
png
• FIGURE 4: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/greatfireoflondon-waterfront.jpg
• FIGURE 5: http://www.hierarchystructure.com/renaissance-social-hierarchy/
• FIGURE 6: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/DrgTj8mPmnM/UAeDApfmK3I/AAAAAAAAAsg/5xxl-
Mx4OB8/s1600/pyramid1.gif
• FIGURE 7: http://gardenartistics.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Tivoli-water-garden.jpg
• FIGURE 8:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance#/media/File:1583_sebastiao_lopes_(mapa
_mundi)_00.jpg
• FIGURE 9:
• FIGURE 10:
• FIGURE 11:
• FIGURE 12:

68. Reference: http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Renn.html
http://www.historyhaven.com/AP%20Prep%20WH/Renaissance_and_Reformation.
htm
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Renaissance_architecture
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Renaissance_architecture
https://83renaissancenotes.wikispaces.com/How+did+other+civilizations+set+the+s
tage+for+the+renaissance+in+Europe
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Renn.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture
https://explorable.com/renaissance-architecture
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/renaissance-art.htm
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Italian_Renaissance