Niha Binyani ,M.Sc-Interior Design + One Year Residential Design Portfolio

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PORTFOLIO
Residential Design
Neha Binyani
1st Year Residential
Design Diploma
M.Sc. Interior Design
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com

Project Report On
Residential Space Planning
At Dezyne E’cole College
Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole
Towards The
Fulfilment Of The
Master Of Science
In Interior Designing
By Neha Binyani
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Ph.: 0145-2624679,
9829024839
www.dezyneecole.com

This project report of Ms. Neha Binyani of interior design has been graded as
Thanking You
Principal
Seal & Signature
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Ph.: 0145-2624679, 9829024839
www.dezyneecole.com

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Every project big or small is successful largely due to the effort of A number of
wonderful people who have always given their valuable advice or lent A helping
hand. I, Neha Binyani, the student of M.Sc. Interior Design, am extremely grateful
to Dezyne E’cole college for the confidence bestowed in me and entrusting my
project. I express my gratitude to Mrs. Vinita Mathur for making the resources
available at right time and providing valuable insights leading to the successful
completion of my project. I also extend my gratitude to my project guide Ms. Divya
Sharma who assisted me in compiling the project. Last but not the least I place a
deep sense of gratitude to my family members who have been constant source of
inspiration during the preparation of project work.

SYNOPSIS OF PROJECT
In this project I have showcased everything I have learnt in this one year program
of Residential Design Diploma. During the year I learnt many things like Bioclimatic
Design, What are the things to be kept in mind while space planning, Building By
Laws, Anthropometrics and Ergonomics etc. I developed many skills and gained
both theoretical and practical knowledge. I also learnt Drafting, Construction
Techniques, Materials, Different Time Periods and their Styles etc. I learnt about
principles and elements of design which helps in designing a space and increases
its aesthetic value. I also learnt about color and its psychological effects which
helped me in designing the space. I have solved two case studies which are shown
in further pages of my portfolio where I have summarized all the important aspects
that are to be kept in mind while planning and designing a space. I thank Dezyne
E’cole College and its mentors who guided me in making this project and made me
industry ready.

NEHA BINYANI
INTERIOR DESIGNER
Email: dezyneecole@gmail.com
Web: www.dezyneecole.com
Phone: 9829024839
0145-2629679
PROFILE
I always wanted to be a successful interior
designer. I appreciate the skills I learnt from
Dezyne E’cole College which made me
industry ready.
SKILLS
• Drafting
• Anthropometric
• Good Aesthetic Sense
• Google Sketchup
• AutoCAD
INTERESTS
• Reading
• Surfing
• Innovative
• Music
LANGUAGE
• English
• Hindi
EXPERIENCE
• Explanation in Annual Exhibition
• Design Development Project
• Portfolio Project Handling
EDUCATION
• Master of Science in
Interior Design +
One year Residential
Design Diploma –
Dezyne E’cole
College, Ajmer –
[2015-2017]
• Bachelor of
Computer
Application – Aryan
College, Ajmer
[2012-2015]
• High School –
Sophia School,
Ajmer

CONTENT
1. Introduction about Interior Design
2. Introduction about Residential Design
3. Case Study 1
4. Site Consideration
5. Macroclimate
6. Microclimate
7. Bioclimatic Design
8. Green Building (LEED Certification)
9. Building Orientation
10. Daylight
11. Ventilation
12. Windows
13. Topography
14. Landscape
15. Universal Design
16. Anthropometric
17. Stairs
18. Wall Planes
19. Planning Consideration
20. Louis Kahn
21. Architecture Layouts of House Plan
22. Case Study 2
23. Architecture Layouts of Living Room
24. Design Process
25. Elements of Design
26. Principles of Design
27. Mood Board
28. Concept Board
29. Wall Board
30. Flooring Board
31. Light Board
32. Accessories Board
33. Furniture Board
34. Composition
35. Assignments
36. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION ABOUT INTERIOR DESIGN
Interior Design is a profession, a career, a vocation and a lifestyle. It is not just a job.
To practice it successfully, it is important to have a clear idea of what interior design
involves, as well as an appreciation of its demands. Interior Design is a system of
coordinating basic element, system and orders to constitute a work of architecture
for well-being of humans. Interior Design is:
1. The Architecture of - Space - organization pattern relationship
Structure hierarchy
Enclosure - qualities of shape, texture, color, scale,
proportion
- qualities of surface edges and openings
2. Experienced through - Movement in - approach and entry
Space, Time - path configuration and access
- sequence of spaces
- light, view, touch, hearing and smell
3. Achieved by means of - Technology - environmental protection and comfort
- health, safety and welfare
- durability
4. Accommodating a - Program - user requirement needs
5. Compatible with its - Context - site and environment climate, sun,
wind, temperature, rainfall, topography
and landscape and water
 Physical: Form and Space - system of organization of
Solids and Voids - Space
Interior and Exterior - Structure

 Conceptual: relationship between building elements system and responding to
the means they evoke
 Images
 Pattern
 Signs
 Symbols
 Context - Space
FormsFunction
Technique
Interior Design is so much more than “what looks right”. It is about taking a holistic
view of the way that individuals use and enjoy the spaces that they inhabit. It is
about finding and creating a cohesive answer to the set of problems and dressing the
solution so as to unify and strengthen our experience of the space.
The need for good space aroused because people wanted comfortable living. As the
money factor increased, when both men and women started working, the need for
good spaces increased. People wanted to live a luxurious life for which they hired
professional interior designers.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT RESIDENTIAL DESIGN
Residential Design refers to the designing of people’s home as opposed to
commercial property. The objective is to create interiors that fit the functioning of
client’s home but also reflect each client’s personal taste.
There are various types of Residential Buildings. Few of them which are used widely
in todays era are Flats and Studio Apartments. As the population is increasing the
land factor is decreasing, so people are moving to flats and studio apartments. Those
people who have their own land are opting for Bungalows.
1. Apartments or Flats : It is a self contained housing unit that occupies only part of
a building , on a single level without a stair. Apartments may be owned by an
owner, by leasehold tenure or rented by tenants.
2. Studio Apartments : The smallest self-contained apartments are referred to as
studio or bachelor apartments. These usually consist of a large single main room
which acts as the living, dining, room and bedroom combined and usually also
includes kitchen facilities with a separate smaller bathroom.
3. Bungalows : It is a residential building normally detached, which is either single-
story or has a second story built into a sloping roof, usually with dormer
windows. Bungalows are very convenient for the homeowner in that all living
areas are on a single-story and there are no stairs between living areas. A
bungalow is well suited to persons with impaired mobility, such as the elderly or
those on wheelchair.

In Residential Design, I have learnt about Site Consideration which means where the
site is located. Them I learnt about Macroclimate which means climate of the
country and state where the site is located, and Microclimate which means the
climate inside the building envelope. After this comes the Orientation, that refers to
the direction, North-South-East-West. Planning of space is done after setting
orientation and this is done through Planning Process. Space Planning is done
following the Anthropometric and The National By Laws set by the government.
After planning, the space is provided with Daylight and air circulation, and for this
Windows and Ventilation is given. Then I learnt about Louis Kahn Principles which
helped me to decide how to do Grouping of rooms. Finally comes the Design
Process which is done using Elements and Principles of Design, selecting the style
and using color, texture etc. the final design is made.

CASE STUDY
You are supposed to make a plan of a house, the land area of 50’ x 60’ for a small
family of 4 people.

SITE CONSIDERATION
• Location of India
India is located in ‘North-East’ direction
Longitude – 68⁰E to 98⁰E
Latitude – 8⁰N to 37⁰N
• Climate of India
The whole India has Tropical Monsoon Climate, since the greater part
of the country lies within the tropics and the climate is influenced by
the monsoon.

• Location of Rajasthan
Rajasthan is located in ‘North-West’ direction
Longitude – 69.5⁰E to 78⁰E
Latitude – 23⁰N to 30⁰N
• Climate of Rajasthan
Rajasthan has a tropical desert climate

Connectivity of the site to he main roads and sub-roads, to the major landmarks like
Railway Station, Bus Stop, Shopping Complex, Hospital, etc. must be checked.
Distance from the major landmark such as :
1. Shopping Complex – 1.2 Km
2. Railway Station – 2.5Km
3. Hospital – 350m
4. Bus Stand – 1Km
Residential Zone
6
Savitri College
1
R.T.D.C.
2
MainRoad
3
Main Road
3
Ajmer
Hospital
5
Residential zone
6
SITE PLAN SPECIFICATION
1.Savitri College
2.R.T.D.C
3.Main Road
4.Site
5.Ajmer Hospital
6.Residential Zone
Site
4

MACROCLIMATE
It is the climate of a larger area such as region or a country. The macroclimate
around a building cannot be affected by any design changes, however the building
design can be developed with a knowledge of the macroclimate in which the building
is located.
After studying the climatic conditions and temperature of Ajmer, it is found that:
• Ajmer has a typical desert climate which is hot and arid.
• Summers are hot with maximum temperature near 40⁰C whereas the minimum
temperature is nearly 23⁰C.
• Winters are cool with minimum temperature of 5⁰C.
• The region lies in the zone nearby to the Tropic of Cancer.

MICROCLIMATE
The variations in localized climate around a building. The site of a building may have
many microclimates caused by the presence of hills, valleys, slopes, streams and
other buildings.
Dealing with the micro elements of the site, it is found that:
• Summers are very hot and winters are quite cool.
• Low or less amount of rainfall.
• Apart from this, microclimate is in our control which we can change according to
the place.

BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
Bioclimatic Design is an attempt to create comfortable conditions in a building by
understanding the microclimate used with ventilation, day lighting, passive heating
and cooling. Later bioclimatic design was enlarged to include landscape, water and
waste nutrients recovery.
 Bioclimatic Design Strategies:
In winters the objectives of bioclimatic design are to resist loss of heat from the
building envelope and to promote gain of solar heat. In summers these objectives
are reversed to resist solar gain and to promote loss of heat from the building
interior.
The strategies can be set forth as:
1. Place more windows in the south-west direction (windward direction as per
orientation).
2. Minimize the use of concrete flooring, instead use grass for groundcover and
landscape.
3. Construct a rainwater harvesting tank on the plot and collect the rainwater of the
whole site through drainage system.
4. Plant deciduous trees in south direction to act as wind break.
5. Construct a water body in south direction (wind entering the house will be cold
as it flows over the water body).
6. Construct cavity walls in place of exterior walls of the building envelope (it
prolongs the heating process of the house).
 Paths of Energy Exchange of the building microclimate:
• Conduction – from hotter object to cooler object by direct contact.
• Convection – from the air film next to a hotter object by exposure to cooler air
currents.
• Radiations – from hotter object to cooler object within the direct view of each
other regardless of the temperature of air between.
• Evaporation – the change of phase from liquid to gaseous state: The sensible
heat (dry-bulb temperature) in the air is lowered by the latent heat absorbed from
air when moisture is evaporated.
• Thermal storage – from heat charge and discharge both diurnally and seasonally,
a function of its specific heat, weight and conductivity.

CONDUCTION
WITH AIR
EXTERIOR
AIR FLOW
CONDUCTION WITH GROUND
INTERIOR
AIR FLOW
SURFACE
EVAPORATION
THERMAL
RADIATION
SOLAR RADIATION
(DIRECT + DIFFUSE)
PATHS OF ENERGY EXCHANGE OF THE BUILDING
MICROCLIMATE (WATSON AND LABS 1993)

GREEN BUILDING DESIGN
[L.E.E.D. CERTIFICATION]
The term Green Building and Sustainable Design are used interchangeably to
describe any building designed in an environmentally sensitive manner. Green
Building is governed by standards such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (L.E.E.D.). This provided a set of measurable criteria that promotes
environmentally sustainable construction and design. This system was developed by
United States Green Building Council (USGBC).
 The LEED Rating System
• Sustainable Sites: Deals with reducing pollution associated with constructional
activities.
• Water Efficiency: Capturing rainwater and gray water for conveying sewage and
treating waste water.
• Energy and Atmosphere: Encourages efficiency of using energy. Application of
SMART GRID.
• Materials and Resources: We should maximize locally available materials,
recycled materials and reduce wastage.
• Indoor Environmental Quality: The design should promote enhanced comfort
productivity and wellbeing of building occupants by improving indoor air quality,
maximizing day lighting of interior space and proper ventilation of space.
• Innovation and Design Process: When any design has been made as per the
requirements set by LEED and demonstrate innovative performance is acceptable.
If any designer comes up with the design which exceeds the requirements of LEED
is called Innovation in Design Process.

BUILDING ORIENTATION
It is mandatory for a designer to understand the effects of sun and wind over a
building, in other words Orientation is positioning of a building in relation to
climatic variations in the sun’s paths well as prevailing wind patterns. A good
orientation can increase the energy efficiency of a building making it more
comfortable to live in and cheaper to run. It also allows the occupants to enjoy the
gifts of nature to the outmost extent such as air, sunlight, rain etc. and to avoid
them when undesired.
The orientation of the building is termed as optimum when the building is
designed and laid out in such a manner that is able to achieve indoor comfort
conditions by gainfully utilizing the beneficial effects of all the elements of nature.
The best orientation of a building from solar heat consideration requires that the
plan of the building is so laid that the building as a whole receives maximum sun
during the winter months, and avoid excessive heat during the summer months. At
the same time the setting of the building should be such that the full advantage of
the wind can be taken to achieve the desirable air flow indoors.
E
North
South
East
West

People like daylight. The variety and range of light and color that we experience in a
forest grove engages all of our senses. Daylight design could aspire to the same
inspirational effect inside the house. Daylight can also be employed inside the house
to conserve energy and can enhance the visibility, the principle values of day lighting
are more intangible.
 Many factors are involved with the use of day lighting in building:
1. Aesthetics: The play of light from windows to surface and textures casting
intersecting shadows, the endless variety of mod and appearances due to the
movement of the sun.
2. Psychological Response: The sense of wellbeing associated with daylight and
sense of orientation that comes with being connected with the exterior.
3. Health: Improves resistance to infections, skin disorders and cardiovascular
impairments.
4. Energy/Cost: Reduction in electricity use and related air conditioning load from
electric lighting.
 Physiological Benefits of Day Lighting
1. Full Spectrum Lighting: It prevents rickets, helps keep the skin in a healthy
condition, is responsible for the production of Vitamin D in the body and destroys
germs.
2. Orientation: People inside the building who lose contact with the exteriors may
feel insecure about possible escape from fire. People are frustrated and
distracted when not able to sense what the weather is outside and to have some
sense of nature’s time.
 Psychological Benefits of Day Lighting
1. Sunshine: The presence of direct sunshine in interior environment is one of the
strongest psychological benefits, as the evidence of a desire by most people for
some direct sun is strong.
2. View: In the techniques of admitting daylight into the building often go together
with windows, daylight and view. The best views are those that include some sky,
horizon and foreground. Broad horizontal windows are more satisfying than
narrow vertical windows, an optimal size being 20 to 30 percent of the exterior
wall. Narrow and tall windows are good for sunlight and broad windows for the
view.
DAYLIGHT DESIGN

3. Brightness Gradients and Color Constancy: Colors seen with daylight will appear
real and appropriate through something called “Color Constancy”; color
produced by daylight will vary form dawn to noon to dusk, as well as the color
reflection from adjacent surfaces.
4. Contrast and Glare: Contrast is necessary for visual perception, the result of
luminous differences that, in turn, are dependent upon the luminance falling on
the task and reflectivity of the task. Glare is usually associated with brightness
differences or with reflected light.

Ventilation may be defined as supply of fresh outside air into an enclosed space or
the removal of inside air from the enclosed space. In other words, ventilation is the
removal of all vitiated air from the building and its replacement with fresh air,
ventilation may be achieved either by natural or by artificial means.
 Ventilation is necessary for the following reasons:
1. Creation of air movement.
2. Prevention of undue accumulation of carbon dioxide.
3. Prevention of flammable concentration of gas vapor.
4. Prevention of accumulation of dust and bacteria carrying particles.
5. Prevention of odor caused by decomposition of building material.
6. Removal of heat generated/liberated by the occupants.
 Functional Requirements of Ventilation System
From the point of view of human comfort, ventilation systems should meet the
following requirements:
1. Air Changes: In an enclosed space, where people are working or living, air has to
be moved or changed to cause proper ventilation. The minimum rate of air
change is one per hour and maximum is sixty per hour.
2. Humidity: Air contains certain amount of water vapor in it. Relative Humidity is
defined as the ratio of water vapor present in the air to the amount of water
vapor if the air were saturated at the same temperature.
3. Quality of Air: The ventilating air should be free from impurities, odors, organic
matter and inorganic dust or gases.
4. Effective Temperature: It is desirable that the incoming ventilation air should be
cool in summer and warm in winter, before it enters the room.
 Systems of Ventilation
Systems of ventilation can be divided into two categories:
1. Natural Ventilation: It is the one in which ventilation is effected by the
elaborated use of doors, windows, ventilators and skylights. It is usually
considered suitable for residential buildings and small houses. The rate of
ventilation depends on two effects:
a) Wind Effect
b) Stack Effect
VENTILATION

a) Wind Effect: In this, the rate of ventilation depends upon the direction and
velocity of wind, outside and size and position of openings. In case of pitched
roof, it is seen that the roof pressure in general are negative, except on the
windward side of the roof with shape greater than 30⁰. Wind will blow from
windward side to the other side if there is an opening.
b) Stack Effect: In this the rate of ventilation is affected by the convection effects
arising from temperature or vapor pressure difference between inside and
outside of the room and the difference between the height of inlet and outlet
openings. When air temperature inside is higher than the outside, warmer air
rises and passes through opening locates in the upper part of the room, whereas
incoming cool air enters from the lower openings.
2. Mechanical Ventilation: It is the one in which some mechanical arrangements
are made to increase the air flow. The system is preferred for large buildings,
assembly halls, factories, theatres etc.

A window may be defined as an opening made in a wall for the purpose of providing
daylight, vision and ventilation. Window consists of window frame and shutter. The
selection of size, shape, location and number of windows to be provided in a room
depends upon the following considerations:
1. Size of room to be lighted
2. Location of the room and its utility
3. Architectural treatment is to be given to the building
4. Direction of wind and its speed
5. Climatic conditions of the site such as humidity, temperature variation etc.
 Design of Windows
The points to be kept in view while making provision for window in a room are:
1. The size and number of windows should be sufficient to provide adequate light
and ventilation in the room.
2. Windows should be located opposite to each other wherever possible
3. The window sill should be placed at 75 to 100cm above the floor level.
4. Buildings in humid region need special attention for adequate ventilation of the
room.
5. The shutter of windows in external wall should open outside.
6. All external windows, especially the ones on ground floor, should be provided
with mild steel round or square bars or steel grills to safeguard against theft.
7. windows in external wall should be provided with Chajja projections to prevent
the entry of the rainwater in the room.
 Window Placements for Daylight
1. Centered Window
WINDOWS

2. Off center
3. Skylight
4. Turning a corner

4. Horizontal
5. Window Wall
6. Vertical

 Classification of Windows
1. Fixed Window
2. Pivoted Window
3. Double Hung Window

4. Sliding Window
5. Casement Window
6. Sash and Glazed

7. Louvered Window
8. Metal Window
9. Bay Window

10. Clerestory Window
11. Corner Window
12. Dormer and Gable Window

13. Skylights and Fanlights
14. Ventilators

Topography refers to the configuration surface features of a plot of land, which
influences where and how to build and develop a site. The microclimate of a site is
influenced by the ground elevation, the nature and orientation of landforms, and the
presence of bodies of water.
• Solar radiations warms southern slopes, creating a temperate zone.
• Daytime breezes, which replace updrafts of warm air overland can have a cooling
effect of up to 10⁰F (5.6⁰C).
• Grass and other groundcovers tend to lower ground temperatures by absorbing
solar radiation and encouraging cooling by evaporation.
• Hard surfaces tend to elevate ground temperatures.
• Light colored surfaces reflect solar radiation, dark surfaces absorb and retain the
radiation.
 Large bodies of water:
• Act as heat reservoirs and moderate variations in local temperature.
• Are generally cooler than land during the day and warmer at night, generating
offshore breezes.
• Are generally warmer than land in winter and cooler in summer.
• In hot-dry climates, even small bodies of water are desirable, both
psychologically and physically, for their evaporative cooling effect.
TOPOGRAPHY

Landscape design is the art of arranging or modifying the features of a landscape, an
urban area etc. for aesthetic or practical purpose. It is divided into: Hardscape design
and Softscape design.
 Elements of Landscape Design
1. Line
Line in landscape is created by the edge between two materials. Lines are a
powerful tool for the designer because they can be used to create an infinite
shapes and forms and they control movement of the eye and the body.
Types of Lines:
I. Straight Lines
a) Vertical Line
b) Horizontal Line
II. Curved Lines
a) Deep Curves
b) Soft Curves
LANDSCAPE

2. Form
Shape is created by an outline that encloses a space, and form is the three
dimensional mass of that shape. Formal geometry forms include circles,
squares and polygons. Informal naturalistic forms include meandering lines,
organic edges and fragmented edges.
Types of Forms:
I. Geometric Forms
a) Circular Forms
b) Square Forms
c) Irregular Forms

II. Naturalistic Forms
a) Meandering Lines
b) Organic Edges

c) Fragmented Edges
III. Tree Forms

IV. Shrub Forms and Groundcover Forms

3. Texture
Texture refers to how coarse of fine the surface of the plant or hardscape
material feels or looks. Texture is used to provide variety, interest and contrast.
Types of Textures:
1. Coarse Texture
2. Fine Texture
3. Medium Texture
4. Color
Color in plant, material and hardscape adds interest and variety to the
landscape. The use of color is guided by color theory to create color
schemes.
The basic color schemes are:
I. Monochromatic Scheme
II. Analogous Scheme
III. Complementary Scheme
5. Visual Weight
Visual Weight is the concept that combinations of certain features have more
importance in the composition based on mass and contrast.

 Principles of Landscape
1. Balance: Balance is the design principle that creates a layout that is visually
pleasing
I. Symmetrical Balance
II. Asymmetrical Balance
III. Radial Balance
2. Transition: Transition or sequence gradually changes patterns in the element to
assist in easy visual movement across the landscape.
3. Proportion: Proportion means carefully selecting materials that are appropriately
sized for the landscape and its purpose.
4. Rhythm: Rhythm gives a landscape design a feeling of natural movement
through the use of natural elements and careful repetition. Group of plants can
create rhythm within the environment.
5. Focalization: The most important aspect of landscape design is creating and
emphasizing a point of focalization which sets the tone and arrangement for the
rest of the outdoor area.
6. Repetition: careful repetition is an essential principle of landscape design. Too
much repetition can destroy the atmosphere of an outdoor area by creating a
dull appearance but appropriate repetition of similar plants, color and textures
bring a uniform, blended look to the landscape.

UNIVERSAL DESIGN
The goal of universal design could be said as create buildings, places and details
that provide A supportive environment to the largest number of individuals
throughout life’s variety of changing circumstances. Design and long term
building quality is improved by designing for easier access, reduced accidents,
easier way finding and transit of people and goods, and design details for people
of all ages, sizes and capabilities and increase the working efficiency of the
people in the environment they live.
Accessible design is the design that meets standards that allow people with
disabilities to enjoy a minimum level of access to environments and products. By
understanding the physical implications of these board groups of disabling
conditions designers can understand the criteria in the building codes and
standards.
• Sensory impairments: design of information systems.
This includes vision, hearing and speech impairments including total and partial
loss of function and leads us to the design recommendation for redundancy of
communication media so that everyone can express themselves over
communication systems. For example- reinforcing both lighting and circulation
cues.
• Dexterity impairments: design of operating controls and hardware
This includes people with limitations in the use of their hands and fingers I.E.,
The “closed fist rule”. This addresses the location of equipment and controls so
that they are within the range of people on wheelchairs and those who are short
stature.
• Mobility impairments: space and circulation systems
This includes people who use walkers, crutches, canes and wheelchairs and also
for those who have difficulty in climbing stairs or going long distances. The t-turn
and 5 ft. (1.52m) diameter turning area is provided for evaluating the criteria.

CONCEPT OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN
A designer must listen to and hear from perceptive spokespeople who can
articulate the needs and responses of:
• People of all stages of life who have difficulty with mobility, lighting
distractions and disorientation at transition points in A building.
• People on wheel-chairs and other physical differences.
• People with visual and aural impairments.
• People under the conditions of emergency.
• Persons who maintain and service our buildings, carrying heavy loads or
their potential impediments to safe travel.
Universal; design reviews may require alternative media including three
dimensional models, virtual reality simulations and full scale mock up
prototypes. Hence, the designers must understand that how our changing
culture is using our environments and products in the 21st century.

ANTHROPOMETRICS: Interior design is all about space and people. To make
a building architecturally successful, the link between the space and inhabitant
of that space is very important. No space can be designed without the
information oh human dimensions. The link has to be established in many ways–
Physical, Psychological, emotional and much more. Physical link related to
physical comfort and the need of the inhabitants to fulfill various activities in a
certain space.
If we take various units in residential buildings we can start
applying those anthropometric data and find out the space required for various
units like sofa seating, wall unit access, dining, kitchen, beds and powder room
etc.
ANTHROPOMETRICS
ERGONOMICS: Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with the
understanding of interactions among human and other elements of system &
profession that applies theory, principles, data & methods to design in order to
optimize well being and overall system performance.

Living Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Living Room
Standard Dimensions
Neha Binyani
M.Sc.- Interior Design
I Year Residential Diploma
www.dezyneecole.com
S.no.
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1 L-Shaped Sofa
2’4” x 3’ (1
Seat)
3’ x 3’6”(1
Seat)
2 Relaxing Chair 2’ x 5’ 2’ x 3’
3 Relaxing Sofa 4’6” x 2’6” varies
4 Center Table varies 4’ x 4’
5 Chair 2’ x 2’ 2’ x 2’
6 Coffee Table 2’ (Diameter) 2’ (Diameter)
7 Book rack varies 3’ x 1’6”
8 TV Unit 5’ x 1’6” 5’ x 1’6”
9 View window 5’ 11’
10 Door 4’ 5’
Top Plan of the Living Room (23’9” x 26’) Area - 617.5 sq. ft
Living Areas
Primary Activities
Entertainment
Watching Television
Listening to music
Reading
Writing
Studying
Relaxing
Resting
Children’s Play
Secondary Activities
Dancing
Hobbies and crafts
Eating
Parties
Using home
computer-Internet
Furniture Clearances
To assure adequate space
for convenient use for
furniture in the living area,
not less than the following
clearances should be
observed:
 60” between facing seat
 24” where circulation occurs
between furniture
 30” for use of desk
 36” for main circulation
 60” between home
entertainment center and
seating.
1
2 3
4
5
67
8
9
10
Conversation Zone
8’ – 10’
Activity
Zone
5’ wide
Circulation Zone
8’6”

Dining Room Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Neha Binyani
www.dezyneecole.com
S.n
o
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. Chair 2’x1’6” (1
Seat)
1’8”X1’6”(1
Seat)
2. Dining Table Varies 4’X4’
3. Crockery Unit Varies 5’x1’6”
4. Powder Room 4’x4’ 3’6”x3’6”
5. Window Varies 6’
Top Plan of the Dining Room (11’10” x 16’) Area – 189 sq. ft.
Dining Areas
Primary Activities
 Setting the table
 Serving food
 Eating
 Cleaning up after
meals
 Storing dishes
 Children’s Play
 Reading
 Writing
 Studying and Home
Work
 Entertainment
 Board Games
Principal factors-
o Numbers of person to
be seated.
o Space for chairs and
for passage behind
them.
o Space used for table.
o Storage space for
china, glassware’ silver
and linen.
o Size and Type of
Furniture.
o Seating Arrangement.
Powder
Room
Way to Living
Room
Way to Kitchen
Circulation Zone
Circulation Zone
Passage
Behind
Chair
21
3
4
5

Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Neha Binyani
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Dining Room (11’6” x 18’) Area – 207 sq. ft.
Dining Areas
Size of place setting
The minimum width
needed for each place
setting is 21 inches. How
ever a width of up of 29
inches is desirable for
greater freedom of
movement. A 25-inch
width is usually adequate;
this permits chairs 19
inches wide to be placed
6 inches apart. The
minimum depth for place
setting is 14 ½ inches.
These dimensions allow
space for china,
glassware, silver and
elbow.
Passage Behind Chairs
The minimum space
recommended for passage
behind chairs is 22 inches, a
satisfactory range is 22 to 25
inches. If passage behind the
chairs is not required, a
minimum of 5 inches plus
the depth of the chair must
be provided for pushing back
chair while leaving the table.
S.n
o
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. Chair 2’x1’6” (1
Seat)
1’8”X1’6”(1
Seat)
2. Dining Table 5’ Diameter 5’ Diameter
Powder
Room
Circulation Zone
Passage
Behind
Chair
Circulation Zone
Way to Living
Room
Way to Kitchen
1
2
3
4
5

Standard Dimensions
Dining Area
Standard Dimensions
Neha Binyani
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Dining Room (11’10” x 19’4”) Area – 228 sq. ft.
Dining Areas
Size of Table
The minimum Width
recommended is 36 inches as
Satisfactory width is 36 to 44 inch
if 25 inch-wide pace setting are
Provided and if one Person is
Seated at Each of Table, then
Minimum and Recommended
Table Lengths are follows:
Space for Total Dining Area
With the same conditions Noted
previously and with Ample 42
inch space for passage on all
sides of 42 inch-wide table.
Requires sizes are as follows:
Persons LXW,Feet Area, sq. ft
4 10-1/2x12 =126
6 10-1/2x14 =147
8 10-1/2x16 =168
10 10-1/2x18 =189
12 10-1/2x20 =210
Person
s
Min,Inch
es
Recommende
d
4 54 60
6 79 84
8 104 108
10 129 132
12 154 156
S.n
o
Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. Chair 2’x1’6” (1
Seat)
1’8”X1’6”(1
Seat)
2. Dining Table Varies 4’x7’6”
Powder
Room
Circulation Zone
Passage
Behind
Chair Circulation Zone
Way to Living
Room
Way to Kitchen
4
1
2
3
5

Bedroom Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bedroom Area
Standard Dimensions
Neha Binyani
www.dezyneecole.com
Top Plan of the Bedroom (13’ x 15’) Area – 195 sq. ft.
Bedroom Areas
Primary Activities
 Sleeping
 Dressing
 Storing Clothes
 Personal Care
 Reading
 Writing
 Studying
 Working
 Watching Television
 Home Computing/
Internet
 Listening to music
 Children’s play
 Caring for infants
 Ironing
 Telephoning
 Drawing and
Painting
 Sitting and
Entertaining
 Exercising
 Resting
 Hobbies and Craft
 Storing bulky items
and seasonal clothes
Way to Walk-
in Closet
Sit out
Area
2
1
3
5
S.no. Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. King Size Bed 6’6”x7’ Varies
2. Side Table Varies 1’4”X1’6”
3. Chair 2’x1’6” 2’x2’
4. Coffee Table Varies R=1’
5. Square Table Varies 2’x2’
4
6
Way to Walk-
in Closet
Sit out
Area
2
1
3
5
4
6

Bedroom Space Planning
Standard Dimensions
Bedroom Area
Standard Dimensions
Neha Binyani
www.dezyneecole.com
Furniture
Requirement
There are minimum
requirements for furniture
and space if occupants are
able to carry out their
normal bedroom
activities.
There are two types
of bedrooms-
1. Single occupancy
bedrooms, which will
accommodate on
single bed.
2. Double occupancy
bedrooms, which will
accommodate on
double bed or two
single beds.
Sit out
Area
1
2
3
4
5
Clearances
Clearances should be
provided in front of and
around furniture of bedrooms
so that primary activities can
take place efficiently comfort.
In some cases, greater
clearances are required to
satisfy the needs of elderly
people, wheelchair users and
with disabilities
S.no. Object
Furniture
Standard
Dimensions
Optimum
Dimensions
1. Twin Size Bed 3’3”x7’ Varies
2. Side Table Varies 1’4”X1’6”
3. Chair 2’x1’6” 2’x2’
4. Coffee Table Varies R=1’
5. Square Table Varies 2’x2’
Way to Walk-
in Closet
Top Plan of the Bedroom (13’ x 15’) Area – 195 sq. ft.
6
Sit out
Area
1
2
3
4
5
Way to Walk-
in Closet
6

STAIRS
A stair may be defined as the series of steps suitably arranged for the
purpose of connecting different floors of A building. It is an arrangement of
treads, risers, stringers, newel posts, handrails and baluster, so designed and
constructed as to provide an easy and quick access to the different floors,
rendering comfort and safety to the users.
Stairs may be made from different materials like timber, stones, bricks, steel,
plain concrete or reinforced concrete.
Technical terms:
1. Steps- A portion of A stairway comprising the tread and risers which
permits ascent or descent from one floor to another.
2. Tread- The horizontal upper part of a step on which foot is placed in
ascending or descending stairway.
3. Riser- the vertical portion of a step providing support to the tread.
4. Flight- A series of steps without ant platform, break or landing in their
direction.
5. Landing- A platform or resting place provided between two flights. A
landing extending right across A staircase is called A quarter-space
landing.
6. Nosing- The outer projecting edge of a tread is termed as nosing.
Nosing is usually rounded to give good architectural effect to the
treads and makes the staircase easy to negotiate.
7. Scotia- It is a moulding provided under nosing to beautify the
elevation of the step.
8. Line of nosing- It is an imaginary line touching the nosing of each
tread and is parallel to the slope of the stair.
9. Flier- It is a straight step having a parallel width of tread.
10. Winders- These are tapering steps which are provided for changing the
direction of a stair.
11. Going of Step- The run of step in a stairs or the width of tread
between two successive treads.
12. Rise of Step- It is a vertical distance between the upper surface of the
successive treads.
13. Soffit- It is the under surface of a stair.
.

9. Pitch or Slope- It is the angle which the line of nosing of the stair
makes the horizontal
10. Strings or Stringers- These are the sloping wooden members
providing support for the steps.
11. Handrails- It is provided to render assistance in negotiating a
stairway. It is supported on balusters and usually run parallel to the
slope of the stair.
12. Baluster- It is a wooden, metal or masonry vertical member
supporting a hand rail.
13. Balustrade- It usually consists of a row of balusters surmounted by a
rail and is provided to perform the function of a fence or guard for the
users of the stairway.
14. Newel- It is a wooden or metallic post supporting the handrail and is
usually provided at the hand, foot or points where the balustrade
changes its direction.
15. Headroom or Headway- It is the clear vertical distance between the
tread of a step and the soffit of the flight or the ceiling of a landing
immediately over it.
16. Spandrel- It is the triangular framing under the outside string of an
open string stair.
Hand Rail
Baluster
Nosing
Tread
Rise
Newel Post

1. Open Newel 2. Dog-Legged 3. Spiral
4. Geometric 5. Circular 6. Bifurcated
TYPES OF STAIRS

WALL PLANES
Wall planes defines about the space organization where space organization
includes:
 BASE PLANE: A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a contrasting
background defines a simple field of space. This field can be visually
reinforced in following ways.
 ELEVATED BASE PLANE: A horizontal base plane elevated above
the ground plane establishes vertical surfaces along its edges that
reinforce the visual separation between its field and the surrounding
ground.

• OVERHEAD PLANE: A horizontal plane located overhead defines a
volume of space between itself and ground plane.
 DEPRESSED BASE PLANE: A horizontal plane depressed in the
ground plane utilizes the vertical surface of the lowered area to
define a volume of space.

Further planes are classified into 3 parts:
I. PARALLEL AND VERTICAL PLANES: A pair of parallel vertical planes
defines a field of space between them. The open end of field, established by
the vertical edges of the planes, give the space a strong directional quality, its
primary orientation is along the axis about which the planes are symmetrical.
Since parallel planes do not meet the form corners and fully enclose the field.
The space is extroverted in nature.
II. L- SHAPED PLANES: An L-shaped configuration of vertical planes defines a
field of space along a diagonal from its corner outward. While this field is
strongly defined and enclosed at the corner of the configuration, it dissipates
rapidly as it moves away from the corner.
III. U- SHAPED PLANES: A U-shape configuration of vertical planes defines a
field of space that has an inward as well as outward orientation. At the closed
end of the configuration the field is well defined. Towards the open end of the
configuration the field becomes extroverted in nature.

PLANNING CONSIDERATION
To design any living area, proper planning and brain storming needs to be
done. The planning phase of any residence is the most important phase
because this leads to the development of the structure of the house based on
the shape and form. The design must B planned based on the needs of the
person. Being an interior designer, one has to see that our design has to be
functional so that the person can feel and enjoy to live in the space.
In India, we have a climate which is hot and dry throughout the year and the
sun shines brightly the whole year with winter months being less. To devise A
proper design one must see the outside building envelope along with the
interior space to meet the client requirements, now, according to this, I have
to devise A plan for living area.
While planning anything for living areas one must consider the size and the
location of the plot. At time the area of the plot is given, we need to fond
(length X width) (here I am assuming A rectangular living room). It is always
advisable to visit the location of the plot.
Firstly, we have to put the magnetic compass at the center of the plot. Then,
check with the four directions (I.E., North-south-east-west) of the plot. While
designing we have to take care of utilizing maximum sunlight in the house
and then locate the activities which requires energy and happiness between
the four direction.

LOUIS KAHN PRINCIPLES
Every human being has a different personality that consist of one or more
characteristics. Their personalities react differently in different environment or
with different people. Every space has its own personality with several spatial
characters that differ by projects. These characters cause the space to interact
with other spaces in a certain manner. These characteristics can be categorized
as seven expressions oh human behavior.
1. LEADER/FOLLOWING: Leader means a person who leads and forms group of
following. In planning living room can be characterized as leader.
2. GROUPING: The space which carry the same character with other spaces is
called grouping. In planning living room, kitchen and dining are grouped
together as they have the same character.

5. WORKER: A space that often supplies other spaces is called as worker. It
is not necessary that the space should be adjacent to the other spaces. A
service area usually has a worker character as a janitor room.
3. LONER: Loner is a place which requires more privacy of sound and site &
avoids social interactions. This character is preferred by the master
bedroom. So it needs to be distanced from living, kitchen and dining.
4. SERVANT: A space which serves other spaces in someway needs to be
adjacent to them. Servant needs to be near the master. Rest room plays a
servant character.

7. OUTREACHING: This space character is located near the entrance or
corridor for meeting or activities that relate to outreaching. This type of
space represent as a welcome space.
6. WATCHER: This space needs to be located beside the boundary of project
for environmental attraction. The attractions can be different types of
environmental conditions like view, park etc.

Some points are necessary to be kept in consideration.
• Aspect :- It means the arrangement of doors and windows to the buildings
external walls. This is necessary to ensure the proper conditions in the room
by the contribution of sunlight, ventilation, and view.
Aspect: Arrangement of windows in
external wall

• Prospect : It refers to making a building aesthetically pleasing from outside.
Hence the aspect and prospect demand proper placement of doors and windows
to make the aesthetics pleasing while the person is sitting inside the building and
looking outside or looking at the building from outside. But this has to be done
without compromising the privacy of the occupants.
Prospect: Desirable and undesirable
views

• Circulation :- circulation is the access provided to a room or between rooms.
Passages, halls and lobbies perform the function of circulation on the same
floor, this is known as horizontal circulation. Others as stairs ramps and lifts
are known as vertical form of circulation.

Building By Laws
These are the set of instructions formed by the municipal corporation, town
planning or urban improvement board to control the development of an area
under its jurisdiction.
The Bye-Laws are framed keeping in consideration :-
• Weather conditions of the area
• Local construction practices.
• Availability of materials
• Labor and other similar factors
The main objective of bylaws is to prevent the construction of building in a
haphazard manner.

D1
D2
D3
W2
W3
V1
All the doors and
windows height level
are same
Ground Floor
Door and Window
Layout
Ground Floor Door Legend
S.no Code Type Size Material
S.no Product Sign & Symbol
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
1.
D1
D2
D3
Double Door 4'x7' Wood
Flush Door 2'6"x7' Wood
Bifold Door 15'x6'8"
Ground Floor Window Legend
1.
2.
3.
W1
W2
W3
Fixed 2'6"x4'
Sash and
Glazed
8'x5'
Casement 3'x4'
4. V1 Pivoted 2'x3'
4.
Wood,
Glass
Wood,Glass
Wood,Glass
Wood,Glass
Glass,
Aluminium
Wall
Double Door
Single Door
Bifold Door
5.
6.
Window
Ventilation
Car Parking
15'x12'
Verandah
15'x8'
Living Room
19'x19'
Kitchen
11'x12'
Dining
12'x12'
Sitout
15'x7'
Landscaping
Garden
Setback
Powder
Room
5'x6'
Up
Passage
General Note Project Specification Project Drawing Title Design By
Residential Design
Project
House Planning
Neha Binyani
1 Year Residential Diploma
Dezyne E'cole College
Total Area=3632.84 sq.ft.
Covered Area= 1898.16 sq.ft.
Uncovered Area= 1734.68
Direction- East Facing
Entrance
Sign and Symbol Legend
W1 W1

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
First Floor
Door Window Layout
Neha Binyani
Uncovered Area=1433.4
First Floor Door Legend
S.no Product Sign & Symbol
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
1.
D4
D5
D6
3'x7' Wood
Flush Door 2'6"x7' Wood
First Floor Window Legend
1.
2.
3.
W5
W6
W7
Fixed 4'x6'
Casement 3'x4'
4. Pivoted 2'x3'
4.
Wood
Wood,Glass
Wood,Glass
Wood,Glass
Glass,
Aluminium
Wall
Single Door
Sliding Door
5.
Window
Ventilation
D4
D5
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
Flush Door
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2'6"x7'
3'x7'
3'x7'
3'x7'
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
W5
W6
W7
V2
V3
V4
Casement 3'x4'
V2
Pivoted 2'x3' Glass,
Aluminium
V3
Pivoted 2'x3' Glass,
Aluminium
5.
6.
Master Bedroom
18'x14'
Terrace
Garden
Passage
Bedroom
15'x13'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
6'x8'
Toilet
5'x8'
D129. Sliding Door
Glass,
Aluminium
14'x7'
Flush Door 3'x7' Wood
D6
2'6"x7'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
7'x7'
Toilet
10'x5'
All the doors and
windows height level
are same
V4
Up
Entrance

Living Room Tile- 2'x2'
Powder Room Tile- 1'x1'
Wooden Floor- 9"x4'
Verandah Marble- 2'x2'
Pavers- 2'x2'
Residential Design
Project
House Planning
Ground Floor
Flooring Layout
Neha Binyani
S.no Code
2.
3.
1.
4.
Soft
Landscaping
Ground Floor Flooring Legend
Car Parking
15'x12'
Verandah
15'x8'Living Room
19'x19'Kitchen
11'x12'
Dining
12'x12'
Sitout
15'x7'
Landscaping
Garden
Setback
Powder
Room
5'x6'
Up
Passage
5.
Material
Tile
Kajaria
Tiles
Wooden
Planks
Marble
Pavers
Greenply
R.K.
Marbles
Company
Entrance

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
First Floor
Flooring Layout
Neha Binyani
S.no Code
2.
3.
1.
4.
Tile
Pavers
Soft
Landscaping
First Floor Flooring Legend
Company
Kajaria
Tiles
Greenply
Master Bedroom
18'x14'
Terrace
Garden
Passage
Bedroom
15'x13'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
6'x8'
Toilet
5'x8'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
7'x7'
Toilet
10'x5'
Bedroom Tile- 2'x2'
Toilet Tile- 1'x1'
Wooden Planks- 9"x4'
Pavers- 2'x2'
Material
Wooden
Planks
Entrance
Up

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
Ground Floor
Furniture Layout
Neha Binyani
Ground Floor Furniture Legend
S.no Code Product Size
1.
2.
3.Up
CH1
CH2 CH3
CO
TV
S1
S2
S3
SI1
SI2
DT
DC
C1
S1
S2
S3
4.
5.
SI1
SI2
6.
7.
C1
TV
8.
9.
CH1
TB
TB
10. CH2
11. CH3
12. CO
13. DT
14. DC
3 Seater Sofa
2 Seater Sofa
2 Seater Sofa
Side Table
Side Table
Center Table
TV Unit
Chair
Table
Chair
Chair
Coffee Table
Dining Table
Dining Chair
10'x3'6"
7'x3'6"
7'x3'6"
2'x2'
2'x2'
4'x6'
5'x2'
2'6"x2'6"
4'6"x2'
2'6"x2'6"
2'6"x2'6"
2' Dia
5' Dia
1'6"x1'6"
CR
SK
R1
15. CR Cooking Range 2'x3'
16. SK Sink 2'x3'
17. R1 Refrigerator 2'6"x2'6"
LV1
WC1
18. WC1 Washing Cistern 3'x2'
19. LV1 Lavatory 2'x1'8"
Car Parking
15'x12'
Verandah
15'x8'
Living Room
19'x19'
Kitchen
11'x12'
Dining
12'x12'
Sitout
15'x7'
Landscaping
Garden
Setback
Powder
Room
5'x6'
Passage
Entrance
All the dimensions are
taken as per
Anthropometrics and
Ergonomics.

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
First Floor
Furniture Layout
Neha Binyani
Ground Floor Furniture Legend
S.no Code Product Size
1.
2.
3.
S4
B1
4.
5.
SI3
SI4
6.
7.
C2
SC
8.
9.
10.
11.
2 Seater Sofa
King Size Bed
Side Table
Side Table
Center Table
Sitout Chair
7'x3'6"
7'x6'
2'x2'
2'x2'
4'x4'
1'6"x1'6"
WC2 Washing Cistern 3'x2'
LV2 Lavatory 2'x1'8"
SI3
SI4
SI5
B1
B2
B3
S4
LV2
LV3
WC2
WC3
WR1
WR2
C2
SI5 Side Table 2'x2'
B2 Twin Size Bed 7'x4'
B3 Twin Size Bed 7'x4'
WR1 Wardrobe 6'x2'
5'x2'
WR2 Wardrobe 5'x2'
12.
WC3 Washing Cistern 3'x2'13.
14.
15.
16.
LV3 Lavatory 2'x1'8"
CU1
CU2
CU1 Cubical 5'x4'
17. CU2 Cubical 6'x4'
SC
Master Bedroom
18'x14'
Terrace
Garden
Passage
Bedroom
15'x13'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
6'x8'
Toilet
5'x8'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
7'x7'
Toilet
10'x5'
Entrance
Up
All the dimensions are taken
as per Anthropometrics and
Ergonomics.

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
Ground Floor
Area Circulation Layout
Neha Binyani
All the circulation areas
are shown through red
arrows.
LivingRoom
Staircase
Sitout
Kitchen
Powder Room
Dining
Foyer
Verandah
Sitout Secondary Entrance
Main Entrance
SecondaryEntrance
Garden
Backyard
Entrance
Garden
In this plan, all the zones are placed
as per Louis Kahn principles in
which Living Room is connected
with Kitchen, Dining and Powder
Room with a Sitout Area providing a
View.The plan is made keeping in
mind the orientation of different
z o n e s . T h e c o n n e c t i v i t y a n d
circulation from one zone to another
is shown through the red arrows.
Ground Floor Circulation
Specification
WaytoFirstFloor

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
First Floor
Area Circulation Layout
Neha Binyani
All the circulation areas
are shown through red
arrows.
In this plan, all the zones are placed
as per Louis Kahn principles in
which Bedrooms are connected with
Walk-in Closet and Bathroom with a
Terrace Garden providing a View.
The plan is made keeping in mind
t h e o r i e n t a t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t
z o n e s . T h e c o n n e c t i v i t y a n d
circulation from one zone to another
is shown through the red arrows.
First Floor Circulation
Specification
Closet
Closet
Toilet
Toilet
Bedroom
Bedroom
Balcony
Balcony
Terrace Garden
WaytoTerraceGarden
First Floor

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
Ground Floor
Detailed Layout
Neha Binyani
All the areas are shown
through hatching with
dimensions.
Ground Floor Detailed Legend
Car Parking
15'x12'
Verandah
15'x8'
Living Room
19'x19'
Kitchen
11'x12'
Dining
12'x12'
Sitout
15'x7'
Landscaping
Garden
Setback
Powder
Room
5'x6'
Up
Passage
Entrance
S.no Object Sign & Symbol
2.
3.
1.
4.
Wall
Double Door
Single Door
Bifold Door
5.
6.
Window
Ventilation
7. Pillar
8.
9.
Soft
Landscaping
Tile
Wooden
Planks
Marble
Pavers10.
11.
12.
Garden13.
Staircase14.
Entrance15.

Residential Design
Project
House Planning
First Floor
Detailed Layout
Neha Binyani
All the areas are shown
through hatching with
dimensions.
First Floor Detailed Legend
S.no Object Sign & Symbol
2.
3.
1.
4.
Wall
Single Door
5.
6.
Window
Ventilation
7.
Pillar
8.
9.
Soft
Landscaping
Tile
Wooden
Planks
Marble
Pavers
10.
11.
12. Garden
13. Staircase
14. Entrance
Sliding Door
Master Bedroom
18'x14'
Terrace
Garden
Passage
Bedroom
15'x13'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
6'x8'
Toilet
5'x8'
Balcony
Walk-in
Closet
7'x7'
Toilet
10'x5'
Entrance
Up

From the above case study i am taking a part
of it that is the living room for design
development
CASE STUDY

DESIGN PROCESS
The design process is a term that covers a set of operations which, when carefully
undertaken by the designer, result in thoroughly considered and well crafted design
solutions that meets the needs of the client. The process is not exclusive to interior
design and, in one form or another, applies to all fields of design. Design must be seen
as a largely linear activity, with a start point (at which the client makes first contact
with the designer) , and an end point, when the project has been implemented (that
is, constructed or built). However, the reality is that within the process many
individual tasks are interrelated and highly dependent upon one another, so changes
to one element of a design solution will often require that earlier parts of the process
are revisited and revised as appropriate. You should try to see the design process as a
malleable one where the different tasks are adaptable to the unique nature of each
project. The design process is not a standard ‘one set fits all’ solution, and you will
need to develop your understanding of it so that you can see how it might be used to
meet the needs of individual projects that you work on.
Further the Design Process is classified into 4 broad categories:
1. Analysis
2. Development
3. Implementation
4. Evaluation

1. ANALYSIS: Analysis is relevant at two related but distinct parts of the
project cycle: In the very earliest stages, before in depth design work takes
place, the designer will need to assess the scale and complexity of the
project work to be undertaken. This will allow preliminary estimates to be
made of the time and resources needed to complete the project, and these
will in turn provide a foundation upon which the designer can base a free
proposal. Part of the work at this stage will involve in determining the scope
of the project and the likely format and content of the presentation, as this
will control, to a large degree, the amount of drawings and visuals that are
prepared, all of which take time that will need to be charged to the client.
Following this and once the client has agreed to the proposed design work
being undertaken to reach the first presentation stage, the designer can take
a in-depth brief from the client. Initial examination of the brief , applied to a
general understanding of the project, will give the designer a starting point
for further research.
2. DEVELOPMENT: During these stage, many different strands of the finished
design will be coming together. Since planning will be a major priority .
Taking account of ergonomics needs, the designer will seek to create a
balanced and effective furniture layout that meets the functional needs, as
the designer will seek to create a balanced and effective furniture layout that
meets the functional needs of the users . The designer will be sourcing
furniture, finishes and fabrics which will be chosen for their aesthetic and
practical fit with the concept, with space planning constraints also informing
furniture choices .
The development stage of the project is one of the most Interesting
for the designer . It is where the natural talents of most designers find their
expressive outlet, and where the individual can really make their mark on a
project. This is the stage where the needs of the client are taken and
transformed into a workable, practical and aesthetic design solution. It is
where ideas are generated and given life, where ‘flights of fancy’ are
captured and turned into feasible and stunning reality.

3. IMPLEMENTATION: After all the design work Hs been agreed and signed off
by the client, implementation can begin. Once contractors have been engaged to
carryout the work, the involvement of the designer could be minimal, with a
number of site visits to check that work is being accomplished as intended. The
designer could , on the other hand , be involved in a very hands on supervisory
role. The term project management is sometimes restricted to those who have
undertaken specific training in that subject, so the designer may find legal
limitations on what they are able to contribute to this part of the process. Even if
this is the case , it is likely that the designer’s input will be required to resolve some
of the issues that are bound to arise as the implementation progresses
4. EVALUATION: It is healthy for a designer to constantly question the chain of
decisions that have been taken to that point, and to maintain a self-critical attitude
towards everything throughout the life of a project. Before reaching the
implementation stage, revising work that has already been done can be a healthy
way to work. From the clients point of view , the design process is usually
considered complete after the implementation stage, but the designer should also
evaluate the project in an effort to learn from it. A time of reflection will be valuable
immediately after the design has been delivered, as lessons learned during the
process will still be fresh in the mind, and it is good practice to revisit the project
after an appropriate period has be elapsed , as lesson which become apparent only
after a space has been occupied and its functional can be learned. While it may or
may not be possible to rectify any shortcomings that are identified on individual
project at this stage, the knowledge acquired can be fed into subsequent projects.

The elements are components or parts which can be isolated and defined in any
visual design or work or art. They are the structure of the work , and carry a vide
variety of messages. The elements are :
•Point
•Line
•Form, shape
•Movement
•Color
•Pattern
•Texture
POINT: Even there is only one point, one point one mark on a page there is
something built into the brain that wills meaning for it, and seals some kind of
relationship order, if only to use it as a point of orientation in relation to outline of
page.
LINE: A line is a mark made by moving point and having psychological impact
according to its direction, weight, and the variations in its direction and weight. Line
is not necessarily an artificial creation of the artist or designer; it exists in nature as
a structural feature such as branches, or it can communicate emotion through its
character and direction.
FORM, SHAPE AND SPACE: Form and shape areas or masses which defines the
object of space. Form and shape imply space; indeed they cannot exist without
space. There are various ways to categorize form and shape. Form and shape can
be thought of as either two dimensional or three dimensional. Two dimensional
form has width and height while 3D has a depth as well. Shapes like square,
rectangle, triangle and circle when raised into form generates cube, cuboid, prism
and sphere.
MOVEMENT: Movement is the design element that operates in the fourth
dimension time . Movement is the process of relocation of objects in space over
time. We can speak of movement as literal or compositional.
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

COLOR: Color is one of the most powerful of elements. It has tremendous
expressive qualities. Understanding the uses of colors is crucial to effective
composition in design, and the fine arts. The word color is the general term which
applies to whole subjects red, orange, yellow and all possible combinations
thereof. Hue is the correct word to use to refer to just the pure spectrum colors.
PATTERN: Pattern is an underlying structure hat organizes spaces or structure in a
consistent regular manner. Pattern can be described as a repeating unit of shape or
form but it can also be thought as a skeleton that organizes the part of
composition.
Pattern exists in nature as well as in designed objects; it is useful to look at the
parallels. These modes of connection become classes of pattern he claims he can
be seen in any situation.
TEXTURE: Texture is the quality of an object which we sense though touch. It exists
as a literal surface we can feel, but also as a surface we can see and imagine the
sensation might have if we felt in it. Creation of illusion of texture is also an
important element in many paintings, drawings etc.

RULE OF THIRD
• The rule of third refers to the idea of dividing a composition into thirds based
on a grid .
• The most important element of a composition fall on the lines in between to
create a strong composition.
• A slightly off center balance Is more visually interesting and harmonious than
an evenly centered composition.
• A rectangle has been divided horizontally and vertically by 4 lines.
• The rule of third states that the centers of interest for any rectangle lie
somewhere along those lines.

• Golden mean relationship between sizes that is pleasing to the human eye.
• This concept was first formally recognized by the ancient Greeks and examples
of the golden mean can be observed through Greek artwork and architecture.
• The golden mean appears in everything from atomic structures to galaxies.
• Graphic designer can use these proportion to create work that instinctively
looks ‘right’ there`s a mathematical ratio commonly found in nature the ratio of
1 to 1.618 – that has many names .
• Most often we call it the golden section , golden ratio , or golden mean . But it`s
also occasionally referred to as the golden number , divine proportion , golden
proportion , Fibonacci numbers, and phi.
THE GOLDEN SECTION

FIBONACCI SERIES
• The Fibonacci sequence is also one of the most elemental building blocks found
in nature.
• The principle is based on the Fibonacci sequence which is a series if numbers to
denote proportions 2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233 etc. the each no. in this
series is the sum of the two no. proceeding it.
• Proportion are based on the number pi , which measurement are
approximately 1.618 times one another in a layout.

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The principles are concept used to organize or arrange the structural element of
design. Again the way in which these principles are applied affects the expressive
content , or the message of the work.
1. BALANCE : Balance in interior design refers to the proper distribution of object
in a room to create visual balance and visual weight with the composition. Lack of
balance disturbs the harmony of the composition.
2. PROPORTION: Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design . The issues the relationship between object , and part of a
whole. This means that it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the
context or standard used to determine proportions. In contrast, the proportions of
a private room are usually more in scale with human measures and as a result it
appear friendlier, comfortable less intimidating.

3. Rhythm : The design principle that suggests connected movement between
different part of a design by using colour, lines , forms or texture also referred to as
continuity. Rhythm is visual flow : the eye should be able to ‘flow ‘ smoothly across
the room. Regular repetition of line shape or colour that create a movement
patterns have rhythm. Examples include the repetition of similar shape , colour
and textures.
Rhythm can be accomplished through the following means :
1. Repetition
2. Alternation
3. Progression
4. Emphasis : emphasis is something we all know about .it simply means that
every room or space has a focal point whether it is an architectural or an object.
Oversized artwork or a large piece of furniture can also be a focal point in a room.
Focus is to create attention.

5. Unity : Unity is achieved when all of the different element in a design work
together to create a unified whole. Designer use unity to make element in a
composition appear to belong together unity can be compared to harmony ,
integrity or wholeness.

Tropical hues on the color wheel always include turquoise. Blue-Green is lightened
to turquoise by the addition of white and is the warmest of the cool colors. Staying
with the lightest tints of the blue green family will increase the feeling and message
of tranquility. Using Red-Orange the complement of turquoise, is perfect in any of
these combinations. Like flowers in nature, these color schemes enhance any
setting and create a serene and stress-free feeling.
TROPICAL
The analogous color
scheme uses colors that are
adjacent to each other on
the color wheel. One color is
used as a
dominant color while others
are used to enrich
the scheme.
Analogous Color
Scheme
1
2
3
1. Cushions, Wall Color
2. Sofa, Lights
3. Carpet, Center Table
Sea Extract 9280
Tea Blast 7503
Blue Effect 9168
Raven Song 8253
Earthen Mix 7933
Metallic Grey 9168
White Echo
54
L112
4. Color Scheme
5. Color Key

Contemporary Style encompasses a range
of styles developed in the later half of the
20th century. Pieces feature softened and
rounded lines as opposed to the stark lies
seen in modern design. Interiors contain
neutral elements and bold color and the
focus on the basics of line, shape and form.
Contemporary design refers to what is
popular or used right now. Contemporary
Design can be very eclectic for that reason,
because it is ever changing and borrows
pieces and styles from all different eras. It
doesn’t have to be something that is
“designed” right now. For example,
furniture and art from the modern era are
often used in contemporary design, and
tradition moldings and millwork are
incorporated in many cases. Right now a
contemporary home might incorporate
large windows, unique or odd shapes,
open plan and harmony with the
surrounding landscape.
CONTEMPORARY STYLE
Living Room Top Plan

WALL 1
1
Brand: Nilaya Wallpaper
Rs. 7,430
Size: 60.75 sq. ft.
CONTEMPORARY STYLE

2
Brand: Asian Paints
Color Code: L112
Color: White Echo
WALL 2
CONTEMPORARY STYLE
Window Type: Sash and Glazed
Size: 8’ x 6’6”
Company: Fenesta Windows
Material: Wood and Glass

K6306
Product Type : Floor Tiles
Brand : Kajaria Tiles
Material : Polished Vitrified Tiles
Color : Beige
Dimensions : 60 x 60CM
Thickness: 9mm
Kajaria Ceramics is the largest
manufacturer of ceramic/vitrified tiles
in India. It has an annual aggregate
capacity of 68.60 MN. sq. meters,
distributed across nine plants -
Sikandrabad in Uttar Pradesh, Gailpur
& Malootana in Rajasthan, five plants
in Gujarat and one at Vijayawada in
Andhra Pradesh.
Kajaria's the manufacturing units are
equipped with cutting edge modern
technology. Intense automation,
robotic car application and a zero
chance for human error are few
reasons for Kajaria to be the number 1
in the industry.
Wooden Flooring
Types of Flooring
Vitrified Tile Flooring
Ceramic Flooring
Marble and Quartz
CONTEMPORARY STYLE

CONTEMPORARY STYLE
Brand – Jain sons Emporio
Size – 24 x 24 x 12
Price – Rs. 4,063
Brand – LeArc
Size – 8.6 x 2.3
Price – Rs. 807
Brand – Crompton Lighting
Size – 880 x 170
Brand – Lavish
Size – Dia 6”
Height 16”
Price – Rs. 663
Brand – Bajaj
Size – 42.24”
Price – Rs. 2599
Brand – Lime Light
Size – 3.5 x 3.5 x 7
Price – Rs. 791

CONTEMPORARY STYLE
Brand – The Rug Republic
Size – 18 x 18
Price – Rs. 463
Rs. 489
Brand – Nexttime
Size – Dia 6.4”
Width 1”
Price – Rs. 2831
Brand – Harlequin
Curtain Flux
Size – 9’6” x 7’6”
Code – I31854
Brand – Micasa
Size – 11.5 x 6 x 7
Price – Rs. 2831
Brand – Samsung
Size – 32”
Price – Rs. 25,890
Brand – Goyal Sons
Services
Size – Custom
Price – Rs. 1,199
Brand – Safal Quartz
Weight – 800gms
Price – Rs. 727
Brand – Decor
Size – 3.5 x 13
Price – Rs. 392

CONTEMPORARY STYLE
S.No. Brand Price Material Size
1. CasaCraft 21,205 Polyester 36x81x36
2. CasaCraft 16,744 Polyester 36x60x36
3. Zuari 6,199 Wood 17x43x23
4. @Home 15,900 Wood 23x20x20
5. Linder Life 5,900 Glass 84x11
6. @Home 29,295 Wood 20x59x16
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Project Name Drawing Title Date of Project Submitted To
Residential Design Flemish Bond Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Neha Binyani
1st Year Sem 2
Submitted By
27-April-2016
Flemish Bond
In this arrangement each
course consists of alternate
header and stretcher. The
alternate header of each
course are centered over
the stretchers in the course
below. Every alternate
course starts with a header
at the corner . For the
breaking of vertical joints in
the successive courses,
closers are inserted in
alternate courses next to the
quoin header.
Top Plan 1,3,5
Top Plan 2,4,6
Elevation
3D ViewIsometric View
Header
Stretcher
Quarter
Queen Closure
Queen Closure
Mortar
Daylight View Pointing
Flush Pointing
Flush Pointing
In this type of pointing, the
mortar is pressed in the
raked joints and finished off
flush with the edges of the
bricks or stones, so as to
give a smooth appearance.
The edges are then neatly
trimmed with a trowel and
straight edge. This is the
simplest type of pointing
and is extensively used in
brick work and stone
masonry face work.

Project Name Drawing Title Date of Project Submitted To
English Bond Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
Neha Binyani
1st Year Sem 2
Submitted By
27-April-2016
Top Plan 1,3,5
Top Plan 2,4,6
Elevation
3D ViewIsometric View
Header
Stretcher
Queen Closure
Mortar
Daylight View Pointing
Quarter
Queen Closure
V-grooved Pointing
English Bond
This bond consists of
alternate course of header
and stretcher. In this
arrangement, vertical joints
in the header courses come
over each other and the
vertical joints in the
stretcher course are also in
the same line. For the
breaking of vertical joints in
the successive course it is
essential to place queen
closer, after the first header
in each heading course.
V-Grooved Pointing
This type of pointing is
made similar to keyed or
grooved pointing by
suitably shaping the end of
the steel rod to be used for
forming the groove.
Residential Design

BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Building Construction – Sushil Kumar
• Society Interiors
• Color Harmony
• Pepperfry.com
• Urbanladder.com
• Wikipedia

Niha Binyani ,M.Sc-Interior Design + One Year Residential Design Portfolio

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