Discussion 1 Marlon RodriguezPopulation and Community Health Pro

Discussion 1 Marlon Rodriguez
Population and Community Health Promotion
Health practitioners and the general public play a
competitive role in population health prevention and promotion.
Health care providers such as nurses and doctors sometimes
have multifaceted roles as holistic healthcare providers to
promote community health. They can organize public outreach
programs and coordinate health education to enlighten the
community about well-being. The paper explores specific
actions health providers can take regardless of their
professional practices to promote community health.
Health Education and Promotion Programs
Health education is an everyday social science used by health
providers to promote health behaviors and well-being in the
community. Health education initiatives focus on providing
essential knowledge and information to the community members
and practical skills that enable the public to adopt healthy
behaviors (Whitehead, 2018). Health education increases health
knowledge and influences the health attitudes of individuals.
For instance, nurses can educate the public about the benefits of
child immunization in preventing diseases and boosting
immunity. Knowledge of immunization can influence
individuals who have specific attitudes toward vaccination to
seek these services, thus promoting the well-being of children.
Health promotion is much broader since it is done by
professionals while responding to health developments. It helps
address concerns related to health inequities and access within
the communities.
Community Assessment and Intervention Planning
Community diagnosis or assessment is an action that health
practitioners conduct to identify factors that promote the health
of a community and develop strategies to improve them. Health
practitioners then design specific goals and programs that help

solve particular health concerns identified (Lee et al., 2017).
The nurse collaborates with community members to conduct a
community assessment and diagnosis processes to help them
plan community programs. A nurse must perform a community
diagnosis for them to implement a nursing intervention that
helps solve the problem. Nurses conduct the diagnosis process
to ensure the interventions’ efficiency, promote standardization,
and conduct follow-up activities, monitoring, and evaluation
while assessing if they have achieved their goals. A nurse can
also plan health activities and programs that entail fundamental
behavior changes. For example, nurses can coordinate
nutritional assessment or diagnosis to prevent concerns of being
underweight, malnutrition, or overweight in the community.
Advocate Social Change
Social change initiatives focus on the interaction of humans and
the transformation of institutions and functions. Nurses can
promote social change by advocating for better policies that
solve health inequities. Professional advocacy that orients
towards better policies can address social conditions and the
health inequalities that marginalized and vulnerable populations
face. Health practitioners deal directly with the patients and
members of the community and can quickly identify concerns
that influence poor health outcomes, such as insurance. They
have an influential voice and can articulate social change
programs that inspire policy formulations. Also, they play a
vital role in health policy formulation since they offer evidence -
based insights that make the policies effective in achieving their
goals. For example, nurses can advocate for equity and equality
in health insurance for the LGBTQ community.
Coordinate Outreach Programs
Outreach programs aim to improve, support, and uplift the
conditions of vulnerable groups within the communities. The
main goals of the outreach programs are to improve knowledge,
promote civic engagement and strengthen the community’s

needs by addressing them (Suresan et al., 2019). Also, the
health practitioners promote partnership by engaging in
outreach programs. Nurses play a central goal in community
outreach programs and create awareness of the health issues
besides informing the community of better approaches to
manage the concerns.
References
Lee, G., Pickstone, N., Facultad, J., & Titchener, K. (2017). The
Future of Community Nursing: Hospital in the Home. British
Journal of Community Nursing, 22(4), 174-180.
Discussion 2 Danait
Population and Community Health Promotion
The promotion of population and community health mainly
encompasses empowering individuals to increase control over
their health and its determinants via
multisectorial action to increase healthy behaviors and health
literacy efforts (Li et al., 2020). Healthcare professionals can
take multiple specific measures to
promote community and population health. They are as follows;
Planning and implementation of Health education programs
Health education plays a fundamental role in community
and population health. Notably, health professionals can plan
educational programs on health to
enlighten communities and populations on the significance of
being responsible for their health protection. Through health
education, individuals gain ample
knowledge on health literacy practices that aid them in taking

the best preventive measures to stay healthy. There are several
ways in which healthcare education
can be offered, including sharing crucial healthcare information
and encouraging specific skills and trust, which are imperative
in bringing improvement to the
health of communities and populations (McKenzie et al., 2022).
They also educate them on nutritional and dietary needs to
tackle malnutrition, a condition that
tends to arise from consuming foods lacking certain nutrients or
in the wrong proportions. By being informed, communities and
populations can adopt appropriate
lifestyle behaviors that imply a healthy life.
Getting involved in the assessment of community needs and
health planning
Healthcare professionals can execute diagnoses to find out
what people are suffering from. The principal goal of healthcare
professionals is to resolve any
existing or potential health issue (McKenzie et al., 2022).
Recognizing a specific r potential health issue implies that the
healthcare professionals are determined to
ensure all health issues are resolved excellently. Involving
communities and populations in the process is instrumental as it
ensures individuals access high-quality
services at a reasonable price.
Advocating for social change
Promoting community and population health also entails
healthcare professionals advocating for policies to enhance
social conditions, influencing the health
of less fortunate populations. Social and economically
challenged individuals are less likely to be in good health
because of the challenges they face while
accessing quality healthcare services (Marshall-Lee et al.,
2020). Besides, they tend to experience premature deaths
compared to those who are socially and
economically advantaged. Therefore, advocating for social
change reforms is crucial as it promotes fairness, equality, and

justice to the less fortunate in society.
Strategies to promote sexual and reproductive health
Health professionals can enlighten communities and
populations on strategies to promote reproductive and sexual
health, including ensuring increased access
to reproductive and sexual health services and family planning
services (Schaaf et al., 2022). Through this, it becomes
relatively easy for individuals to take
measures before indulging in sexual affairs, and aids them in
freeing themselves from sexually transmitted infections.
Overall, health professionals play an essential role in
articulating the need for health promotion among populations
and communities by inspiring more
comprehensive policy responses, educating them, and even
getting involved in assessing their healthcare needs. Also, they
take part in activism via supporting
social movements and political parties that lobby for
progressive taxation, affordable childcare, and other measures
that tend to lessen health disparities. They also
participate in health research and employ collected data on
social determinants to ensure health needs for populations and
communities are met. Lastly, they use
evidence-based research that, in turn, enables them to provide
quality healthcare services.
References
Li, X., Krumholz, H. M., Yip, W., Cheng, K. K., De Maeseneer,
J., Meng, Q., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Quality of primary health care
in China: challenges and
recommendations.
The Lancet, 395(10239), 1802-1812.
Marshall-Lee, E. D., Hinger, C., Popovic, R., Miller Roberts, T.
C., & Prempeh, L. (2020). Social justice advocacy in mental
health services: Consumer,
community, training, and policy perspectives.
Psychological services, 17(S1),12.

McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2022).
Planning, implementing and evaluating health
promotion programs. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Schaaf, M., Arnott, G., Chilufya, K. M., Khanna, R., Khanal, R.
C., Monga, T., & Wegs, C. (2022). Social accountability as a
strategy to promote sexual and
Topic: Strategic Plan Review
Now that you have adopt the role of a consultant and critically
evaluate several aspects of an actual strategic plan document,
the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategic Plan 2017–
2020, linked in the resources.( attached)
In this assignment, address the following:
· How well does the opening message from the directors explain
the mission and vision articulated?
· How well are the core values and core functions aligned?
· How well are the stated goals, objectives, and strategies
aligned?
· What are the explicitly stated and implicit outcomes of the
strategic plan?
· Fast forwarding in time to the year 2020, what are two next
steps (next approaches) that should be considered in the
subsequent strategic planning process?
Please separate the part two
· Include THREE academic references above 2017
· NO CONSIDERATION FOR PLAGIARISM
· APA FORMAT AND INDEX CITATION
· PLEASE WRITE FROM PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
· Due 9/3/22 at 10am

PART TWO
As you act as a consultant to critically evaluate aspects of the
strategic plan document. In this assignment, adopt the role of
who monitors the work of the consultant. Your primary
perspective is that of foundational public health concepts and
principles (that is public health history, philosophy, and
values). In the strategic plan document:
1. Review the Director’s opening message and explain
specifically where key public health concepts and principles
(historical, philosophical, or values) are discussed.
2. Looking at the stated goals, objectives, and strategies,
provide an example of two levels of prevention in population
health (that is primary, secondary, or tertiary).
3. In response, what weaknesses do you see in their evaluation?
Provide support by making additional suggestions, based on
what you have review and topics, which have not yet been
considered.
4. Include THREE academic references above 2017
5. NO CONSIDERATION FOR PLAGIARISM
6. APA FORMAT AND INDEX CITATION
7. PLEASE WRITE FROM PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
8. Due 9/15/22 at 10am
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention
Strategic Plan 2017 - 2020
DHAP Strategic Plan 2017-2020
1

Message from Director
The Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) is pleased to
present its updated Strategic Plan 2017–
2020. This Plan is DHAP’s blueprint for achieving its vision of
a future free of HIV. The Plan
encompasses the strategic aspects of the Division’s work and
will continue to serve as a practical
guide to inform the work and to ensure DHAP activities and
resources are aligned with its priorities.
The Plan was updated to reflect the important advances made in
prevention science, including—but
not limited to—the discovery of and increased use of pre-
exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a highly
effective tool in HIV prevention; the identification of new
interventions as part of the High-Impact HIV
prevention approach; the development and implementation of
new testing technologies; and focused
efforts to improve outcomes along the HIV care continuum. The
Plan emphasizes maximizing
DHAP’s impact, increasing internal and external coordination
and collaboration, and ensuring
strategic allocation of resources. In this Plan, the Division also
recognizes the need to remain flexible
as prevention science continues to evolve.

At the start of the strategic planning process, the Division
updated the following high-level prevention
goals designed to guide its HIV prevention efforts:
• Prevent new HIV infections
• Improve health outcomes for persons living with HIV
• Reduce HIV-related disparities and health inequities
• Continually improve effectiveness and efficiency of operations
These goals align with national HIV prevention goals. In
addition, the Division identified key objectives
and strategies to help in focusing its work on strategic efforts
needed to advance these goals and to
attain a future free of HIV.
In developing these goals, objectives, and strategies, DHAP
acknowledges that a range of social,
economic, and demographic factors make some Americans more
vulnerable to HIV infection and,
once infected, to inadequate care. The Plan underscores the
important role of partnerships in both
reducing HIV incidence and addressing these disparities that
persist among populations and within
communities.

2
To chart progress towards reaching these goals, DHAP has
developed quantitative indicators that are
ambitious, yet feasible. Tracking these indicators will provide
the Division with important data to
inform its planning and program activities, inspiring action in
areas where improvement is needed.
The Division will continue to strive, working closely with its
partners, to better use the data available at
local, state, and national levels to drive its actions, to inform
priority setting, and to direct
programmatic and scientific endeavors. DHAP looks forward to
collaborating with federal, state, and
local organizations to achieve the goals in this plan and mark
progress towards a future free of HIV.
3
Introduction
CDC has been at the forefront of HIV prevention efforts since

the virus first emerged as a health
threat, and CDC maintains its leadership role in working
towards a future free of HIV in the United
States. While the nation has come a long way, HIV continues to
affect millions of individuals in the
United States. CDC’s latest estimates suggest that about 38,000
new infections occur each year and
that 1.1 million persons in the United States are now living with
HIV. Of those 1.1 million, an
estimated 15%, or 1 in 7 persons, remain unaware of their
infection. Analysis of surveillance data
continues to reveal dramatic disparities in rates of HIV
infection—and in achieving key healthcare
objectives—among populations and by geographic region.
Since the release of the 2010 DHAP Strategic Plan, more HIV
prevention tools have been developed
to help reduce new HIV infections and achieve national HIV
prevention goals. Making the most out of
powerful biomedical prevention options, such as pre-exposure
prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral
therapy (ART), requires that DHAP refines its strategies to best
promote the use of these options.
Recently released HIV prevention modeling suggests that
achieving national HIV prevention goals of

linkage to care, retention in care, and viral suppression (85%,
90%, and 80%, respectively), in
combination with the increased use of PrEP, would avert
185,000 new infections by 2020.
Already, CDC, the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS), and U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force (USPSTF) have produced updated
recommendations that incorporate these
prevention tools. CDC developed guidelines and released
recommendations focused on improved
screening of persons’ behaviors that could transmit HIV; use of
ART for improving health and for
preventing HIV transmission; and encouraging providers to
inform persons at high risk for HIV
infection about the availability of PrEP.
4
In the updated DHAP Strategic Plan, DHAP will work closely
with national, state, and local partners to
ensure that 1) HIV testing is simple, available, and routine; 2)
persons living with HIV have their

infection diagnosed, are linked to care, and have access to the
support services they need to stay
virally suppressed; and 3) persons at high risk for HIV infection
have the prevention information and
tools needed to protect themselves from infection.
DHAP also knows that it must prioritize efforts to reduce HIV-
related health disparities and inequities.
To address these disparities requires that DHAP focus
prevention efforts on disproportionately
affected populations and work towards reducing stigma and
discrimination associated with HIV
infection. DHAP must work collaboratively with federal
agencies, including the Health Resources and
Services Administration (HRSA), the Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), and others, to support
structural approaches to HIV prevention and care. Specifically,
DHAP will support efforts to link
persons at high risk of transmitting HIV to support services
designed to address structural barriers
that impact HIV prevention and care, including unstable
housing, lack of education or employment,
and lack of adequate food to eat. These collaborations can

maximize the effectiveness of HIV
prevention services and support optimal health outcomes.
Finally, in this plan, DHAP recognizes the need to remain
flexible as prevention science continues to
evolve, and acknowledges the need to be prepared to integrate
new strategies and implement new
tools, to further advance the public health response to HIV in
the United States.
5
Mission and Vision
Vision: A future free of HIV
Mission: To promote health
and quality of life by
preventing HIV infection
and reducing HIV-related
illness and death in the
United States
Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention

National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral
Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
6
Core Values
Collaboration
Ensure cross-branch, office,
and division, federal inter-
agency, and external partner
interactions (e.g., science
activities, knowledge sharing).
Diversity
Recruit and maintain an
inclusive and multi-disciplinary
workforce
Equity
Work to achieve optimal health
for the populations we serve
Excellence
Achieve the highest standard
of performance in science,
program, and policy

Innovation
Create an environment that
encourages and values new
ideas
Integrity
Be accurate, consistent,
honest, and accountable for
decisions and actions
Respect
Treat persons with
professionalism and dignity;
value diversity and differences
of opinion
Stewardship
Be a diligent steward of the
use of resources to achieve
DHAP's public health mission
Transparency
Effectively and appropriately
communicate to staff, partners,
and the public about our
programs, policy, and science

Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral
Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
7
Core Functions
Core functions are essential, foundational activities that DHAP
engages in to monitor the trends in
HIV; implement and evaluate prevention programs;
communicate priorities, information, and guidance
to stakeholders and external partners; and support efficiency in
the management and operations of
the Division. DHAP core functions are as follows:
Surveil lanee
Research and
Development
Policy, Planning,
and
Communications

Program
Implementation,
Evaluation, and
Capacity Building
Resource
Management
8
Goal 1: Prevent New HIV Infections
Over the past 5 years, advances in HIV testing services—such
as delivery of couples’ counseling and
testing for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
(MSM); increased routine screening
in clinical settings; and promotion of repeat testing for persons
at ongoing risk for infection—have
been associated with increased uptake of testing in the United
States (CDC, 2013). From 2008 to
2014, the proportion of persons with undiagnosed HIV infection
decreased by an estimated 3.4% per
year. In 2014, 15% of persons living with HIV (PLWH) did not
know they were infected. CDC will
continue to prioritize identifying all PLWH who do not know

they are infected and ensuring that
persons at high risk of acquiring HIV have the biomedical and
behavioral tools they need to protect
themselves from acquiring HIV infection.
The estimated annual HIV infections in the United States
declined 18% from 2008 to 2014, in large
part because of federal HIV prevention and care efforts. CDC
will continue this work to increase
provision and uptake of comprehensive HIV prevention
services, including high-impact behavioral
and biomedical interventions, for all Americans and with a
particular focus on persons at high risk of
acquiring HIV. CDC will also provide resources to health care
providers to facilitate access to these
critical prevention tools. CDC will continue to develop
communication campaigns and partnerships to
ensure that everyone knows the facts about acquisition and
transmission of HIV, is aware of their HIV
status, and has access to tailored information and HIV
prevention interventions to protect themselves
and their partners. CDC will also continue to conduct research
on, and implementation of, highly
effective behavioral interventions.

To work towards achieving the goal of preventing new HIV
infections, DHAP will prioritize the
following primary prevention efforts:
• Diagnosing HIV infections by making HIV testing easy,
accessible, and routine, including
increasing adherence to 2006 HIV screening recommendations.
• Increasing knowledge of, use of, support for, and adherence to
PrEP and non-occupational
post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for persons who could benefit
from these regimens.
• Working to prevent HIV infections in communities
experiencing increased injection drug use
and related risk of HIV transmission.
9
Note. Recent policy changes, likely due to national trends i n
opioid and heroin misuse, may
result in greater use of syringe services programs.
• Ensuring persons have access to condoms and effective
behavioral interventions, so they
have the tools needed to protect themselves from becoming

infected with HIV.
• Increasing awareness of HIV, reducing HIV-related stigma,
and promoting HIV testing and
proven HIV prevention strategies through key communication
campaigns and messaging
among populations most affected by HIV.
• Conducting research designed to identify innovative, cost-
effective, and high-impact prevention
strategies needed to protect persons most at risk of HIV
infection.
Goal 1 and its corresponding objectives and strategies will help
ensure that all PLWH know their
status and that those persons at high risk of acquiring HIV have
access to the key risk-reduction tools
that they need to stay healthy.
10
Goal 1: Prevent New Infections
O
bj
ec

tiv
es Increase the percentage of persons
living with HIV who know their
serostatus to at least 90%
Increase the number of persons who are
using PrEP by 500%
St
ra
te
gi
es
Increase use of high-impact prevention strategies for
communities that are at
highest risk for HIV infection
Support development of new—and the use of existing—
technologies that will
enhance early diagnosis and identify networks to target testing
and prevention
interventions to reduce risk of HIV transmission
Improve HIV screening in clinical settings, particularly in
hospitals and hospital
emergency rooms
Collaborate with partners to identify and address structural
barriers to implementing
routine opt-out HIV screening in clinical settings

Develop and evaluate behavioral and structural interventions
that support
biomedical prevention strategies
Expand availability, access, and uptake of—and improve
adherence to—behavioral
and biomedical interventions (e.g., PrEP, PEP, treatment)
Increase the proportion of providers who are aware of and
prescribe PrEP
Strengthen collaboration with and leverage governmental and
nongovernmental
partnerships and establish new partnerships to increase testing
and improve PrEP
uptake
Develop and use evidence-based social marketing and education
campaigns, and
leverage digital tools and new technologies to reach gay,
bisexual, and other MSM,
particularly MSM of color and young MSM, and transgender
persons
11
Goal 1: Indicators of Progress
Aware of HIV status: Increase the percentage of persons living
with HIV who
know their serostatus to 90%. [National-level indicator #1]

Number of new diagnoses: Decrease the number of new HIV
diagnoses by 25%
among persons of all ages during the calendar year reported to
CDC within 18
months of the diagnosis year. [National-level indicator #2;
HP2020]
Use of PrEP (National-level developmental indicator): Increase
the number of
adults prescribed PrEP by at least 500%.
Late stage diagnosis: Decrease the percentage of persons aged
≥13 years with
HIV diagnosed at stage 3 (AIDS) within 3 months after initial
HIV diagnosis in a
calendar year by 25%. [HP2020]
Nonsterile injection: Decrease the percentage of persons who
inject drugs, are
at risk for HIV, and use nonsterile injection equipment by 25%.
High-risk sex among HIV negative MSM: Decrease the
percentage of MSM who
engage in high-risk behaviors by 25%.
High-risk behaviors among young MSM: Reduce the percentage
of young gay
and bisexual males in grades 9–12 who have engaged in HIV
risk behaviors by at
least 10%. [National-level indicator #3]
12

Goal 2: Improve Health Outcomes for Persons Living with HIV
Since 2003, reducing the transmission of HIV and improving
health outcomes for PLWH has been a
cornerstone of DHAP’s prevention efforts. A growing body of
evidence shows that the majority of HIV
infections in the United States could be averted by increasing
the percentage of PLWH whose
infection has been detected and diagnosed and by ensuring they
receive early, ongoing care and
treatment to become virally suppressed. Specifically, persons
who had undiagnosed HIV infection
and persons with diagnosed HIV but not retained in medical
care were responsible for 91.5% of the
estimated 45,000 HIV transmissions in 2009(Skarbinski et al.,
2015).
Early linkage to care and treatment, especially when viral
suppression is attained and sustained, is
positively correlated with better health outcomes, thus helping
PLWH live longer, healthier lives and
lowering their risk of transmission of HIV to others. In the
United States, the percentage of persons
with newly diagnosed HIV infection who were linked to medical
care within one month of diagnosis

increased to 75% in 2015 (up from 70.2% in 2010). Viral
suppression rates are improving. In 2014,
57.9% of persons with diagnosed HIV infection were virally
suppressed (up from 46.0% in 2010). The
viral suppression rates for persons in medical care are higher.
The annual rate of deaths per 1,000
persons living with diagnosed HIV infection has decreased from
19.4 in 2010 to 15.2 in 2014.
To work towards achieving the goal of improving health
outcomes for PLWH, DHAP will prioritize the
following prevention efforts:
• Working with health departments and community-based
organizations (CBOs) to improve
linkages to care and increase viral suppression rates in
communities most affected by HIV.
• Examining new approaches, including studies of clinical,
behavioral and structural
interventions, to help persons with HIV stay in care and adhere
to their medications.
• Developing guidelines and launching educational campaigns to
help health care providers
better support HIV testing, care, treatment, and prevention.
• Working with states to improve the completeness of their
laboratory data and reporting of viral

suppression information.
13
• Advancing efforts to use state and local public health
information to identify persons living with
HIV who have fallen out of HIV medical care and work to link,
engage, re-engage, and retain
them in care.
• Expanding Data to Care programs, targeting persons who have
fallen out of care or never
entered care following an HIV diagnosis, and working to
improve viral suppression among
those with a diagnosis of HIV infection.
• Expanding experience and developing guidance on
investigating and intervening in growing
clusters of HIV infection.
• Expanding capacity to collect and analyze molecular data to
all jurisdictions.
Goal 2 and its corresponding objectives and strategies will help
in assuring that all persons with

diagnosed HIV are rapidly linked to, and remain engaged in,
care to improve HIV-related health
outcomes, to reduce the impact of related comorbidities, and to
reduce transmission of HIV to
uninfected persons. DHAP will also work closely with partners
to ensure public health staff and
providers are working together to achieve viral suppression
goals and to ensure PLWH are protected
from other infectious comorbidities.
Goal 2: Improve Health Outcomes for Persons Living with HIV
O
bj
ec
tiv
es Increase the percentage of persons
with diagnosed HIV who are linked to
care within one month of diagnosis
Increase the proportion of PLWH with
sustained viral suppression
St
ra
te
gi
es

Expand uptake of behavioral and structural interventions for
PLWH to improve
outcomes along the care continuum, particularly for engagement
and re-engagement
in care
Identify and support approaches to link newly identified HIV-
infected persons to
immediate treatment
Collaborate with partners and build strategic alliances between
public health and
clinical care sectors to optimize clinical care and prevention
services for PLWH
Support integrated screening, prevention, and treatment
programs for STD, viral
hepatitis, and tuberculosis comorbidities that affect the health
of PLWH
14
Linked to care: Increase the percentage of persons newly
diagnosed linked to
HIV medical care within 1 month of diagnosis to at least 85%.
[National-level
indicator #4]
Retention in care: Increase the percentage of persons with

diagnosed HIV
infection who are retained in HIV medical care to at least 90%.
[National-level
indicator # 5]
Viral suppression among persons living with diagnosed HIV
infection:
Increase the percentage of persons with diagnosed HIV
infection who are
virally suppressed to at least 80%. [National-level indicator #6]
Deaths: Reduce the rate of deaths among persons with
diagnosed HIV
infection by at least 33%. [National-level indicator #8]
High-risk sex among HIV-positive persons: Reduce the
percentage of persons
with diagnosed HIV infection who are engaging in HIV risk
behaviors by 25%.
Homelessness: Reduce the percentage of persons with HIV
medical care who
are homeless to no more than 5%. [National-level indicator #7].
15
Goal 3: Reduce HIV-related Disparities and Health Inequities
Despite intensive prevention efforts, DHAP’s HIV surveillance
data show that certain populations and
geographical areas in the United States continue to be

disproportionately affected by HIV. While there
are an expanding number of biomedical options for HIV
prevention, certain populations will continue
to be at greater risk of HIV infection, because of disparate
access to and use of medical care.
Because biomedical prevention options are delivered through a
medical system that at risk persons
may not trust, be able to access, and/or be able to afford, they
might not realize the full prevention
benefits of these tools. DHAP is committed to achieving health
equity for all Americans affected by
HIV, by reducing HIV-related disparities and health inequities.
In 2015, despite representing only 2% of the population, MSM
accounted for 67% of HIV diagnoses.
While annual HIV diagnoses among MSM and black MSM
stabilized from 2010–2014, black MSM
remain disproportionately affected by HIV compared to MSM of
other races/ethnicities and diagnoses
of HIV among Hispanic/Lati no MSM increased. Although
DHAP’s expanded and targeted testing
efforts have increased the number of persons who know their
HIV status, far too many young people
are still unaware of their status. In 2014, the highest percentage
of undiagnosed infections (44.4%)

was among persons aged 13–24 years. Regarding outcomes for
persons living with HIV, 57.9% of
persons with diagnosed HIV were virally suppressed in 2014.
However, young people (aged 13–24
years) compared to other age groups and blacks compared to
other racial and ethnic groups had
lower rates of viral suppression. HIV was the 8th leading cause
of death for persons aged 25–34
years.
To work towards reducing HIV-related disparities and health
inequities, DHAP will prioritize the
following prevention efforts:
• Collecting and reporting data on HIV-related disparities;
• Developing interventions, partnerships, and communication
efforts that increase capacity to
effectively deliver critical services to disproportionately
affected key populations.
• Addressing the social and structural factors that can influence
health outcomes.
16

DHAP will target efforts to address HIV-related health
disparities to the following populations: MSM,
especially young black and Hispanic MSM; persons who inject
drugs; transgender persons; and
persons living in the southern United States.
Goal 3 and its corresponding objectives and strategies are
designed to help DHAP in achieving its
health equity goals. Success in this area is contingent upon
building key partnerships with
government partners, educational institutes, employment
agencies, harm reduction organizations,
mental health services and substance use disorder treatment, and
other social service agencies that
are primarily charged with addressing social and structural
factors that lead to health inequities and
disparities.
Goal 3: Reduce HIV-related Disparities and Health Inequities
O
bj
ec
tiv
es

Reduce disparities in
the rate of diagnoses
among (1) gay,
bisexual men; (2)
young black gay and
bisexual men;
(3) black women; and
(4) persons living in
the South
Increase the percentage of
youth and persons who
inject drugs who are virally
suppressed
Reduce stigma and
discrimination associated
with the acquisition and
transmission of HIV
St
ra
te
gi
es
Increase the number of interventions available and trainings
given to improve the

capacity and cultural competency of providers and programs
that deliver services to
the most disproportionately affected populations, especially in
the South
Develop, implement, and evaluate evidence-based interventions
designed to reduce
disparities in diagnosis, viral suppression, and access to PrEP,
especially for MSM,
young black and Latino MSM, black women, persons living in
the South, and
transgender persons
Establish and enhance partnerships to address misconceptions,
stigma, and
discrimination that impede HIV prevention and care for the
most disproportionately
affected populations, especially MSM of color and transgender
persons
17
Disparity MSM: Reduce the disparity in the rate of new
diagnoses in gay and
bisexual men by at least 15%. [National-level indicator #9]
Disparity young black MSM: Reduce the disparity in the rate of
new diagnoses
in young black gay and bisexual men by at least 15%. [National -
level indicator #9]

Disparity black women: Reduce the disparity in the rate of new
diagnoses in
black women by at least 15%. [National-level indicator #9]
Disparity South: Reduce the disparity in the rate of new
diagnoses in the
southern United States by at least 15%. [National-level
indicator #9]
Viral suppression—Youth: Increase the percentage of youth
with diagnosed HIV
infection who are virally suppressed to at least 80%. [National -
level indicator #10]
Viral suppression—PWID: Increase the percentage of persons
who inject drugs
with diagnosed HIV infection who are virally suppressed to at
least 80%.
[National-level indicator #10]
Viral suppression –Transgender (National-level developmental
indicator):
Increase the percentage of transgender women in HIV medical
care who are
virally suppressed to at least 90%.
Stigma (National-level developmental indicator): Decrease
stigma among
persons with diagnosed HIV infection by at least 25%.
18

Goal 4: Continually Improve Effectiveness and Efficiency of
Operations
DHAP recognizes that ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness
of its programs is more than just
allocating resources and is committed to continually improving
the systems and performance
management practices, and to strengthening the workforce and
infrastructure needed for continued
success in reducing HIV infection in the United States.
To achieve the goal of continually improving effectiveness and
efficiency of operations, DHAP will
prioritize the following efforts:
• Maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of its processes.
• Creating a work environment that ensures a skilled and
motivated workforce.
• Promoting employee satisfaction, growth, and retention.
• Continuing to implement strategies to effectively recruit,
employ, and promote qualified
members of the workforce for DHAP positions that reflect the
populations most affected by
HIV.
Goal 4 and its corresponding objectives and strategies are

designed to make sure that the DHAP
workforce is trained and empowered to best address urgent
threats to the public’s health and to
ensure DHAP administrative and management processes
maximize the effectiveness and impact of
the Division.
19
Goal 4: Continually Improve Effectiveness and Efficiency of
Operations
O
bj
ec
tiv
es Recruit and retain a
highly qualified,
satisfied, and motivated
workforce
Ensure effective use of
intramural and extramural
resources through robust
resource and program

management
Maximize the efficiency of
administrative processes
St
ra
te
gi
es
Regularly review and identify opportunities to improve
scientific, policy, and
communication clearance processes
Actively support an effective learning environment that
promotes sharing critical
knowledge across DHAP and other NCHHSTP divisions and
prioritizes educational
opportunities, training, and mentorship for staff
Foster a work environment that promotes a healthy work-life
balance and a culture of
recognition for employee contribution and achievement
Align resources to—and regularly track and report progress
on—the DHAP strategic
plan
20

By 2020, the Best Places to Work index score from the Federal
Employee
Viewpoint Survey (EVS), an internal tool used by the Federal
government
to assess employee satisfaction, will meet or exceed the CDC
agency
score.
By 2020, the Employee Engagement Index score from the
Federal
Employee Viewpoint Survey (EVS), an internal tool used by the
Federal
government to assess whether employees feel engaged and
motivated to
accomplish the mission, will meet or exceed the CDC agency
score.
By 2020, at least 89% of document submitted to CDC’s
electronic
clearance system for scientific documents will be cleared by
DHAP within
30 days.
21
Appendix 1: Key Indicators
Goal Objective Indicator

Prevent New
Infections
1) Increase the
living with HIV who know
their serostatus to at least
90%
1. Aware of HIV status: Increase the percentage of
persons living with HIV who know their serostatus
to 90%. [National-level indicator #1]
2. Number of new diagnoses: Decrease the
number of new HIV diagnoses by 25% among
persons of all ages during the calendar year
reported to CDC within 18 months of the
diagnosis year. [National-level indicator #2;
HP2020]
3. Use of PrEP (National-level developmental
indicator): Increase the number of adults
prescribed PrEP by at least 500%.
4. Late-stage diagnosis: Decrease the percentage
of persons aged ≥13 years with HIV diagnosed at
stage 3 (AIDS) within 3 months after initial HIV
diagnosis in a calendar year by 25%. [HP2020]
5. Nonsterile injection: Decrease the percentage of
persons who inject drugs, are at risk for HIV, and
use nonsterile injection equipment by 25%.
6. High-risk sex among HIV negative MSM:
Decrease the percentage of MSM who engage in
high-risk behaviors by 25%.

7. High-risk behaviors among young MSM:
Reduce the percentage of young gay and
bisexual males in grades 9–12 who have engaged
in HIV risk behaviors by at least 10%. [National-
level indicator #3]
2) Increase the number of
persons who are using
PrEP
Improve
Health
Outcomes for
Persons
Living
with HIV
1) Increase the
diagnosed with HIV who
are linked to care within
one month of diagnosis
1. Linked to care: Increase the percentage of
persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection linked
to HIV medical care within 1 month of diagnosis to
at least 85%. [National-level indicator #4]
2. Retention in care: Increase the percentage of
persons with diagnosed HIV infection who are
retained in HIV medical care to at least 90%.
[National-level indicator # 5]

22
2) Increase the proportion
of PLWH with sustained
viral suppression
3. Viral suppression among persons living with
diagnosed HIV infection: Increase the
percentage of persons with diagnosed HIV
infection who are virally suppressed to at least
80%. [National-level indicator #6]
4. Deaths: Reduce the rate of deaths among
persons with diagnosed HIV infection by at least
33%. [National-level indicator #8]
5. High-risk sex among HIV-positive persons:
Reduce the percentage of persons with
diagnosed HIV infection who are engaging in HIV
risk behaviors by 25%.
6. Homelessness: Reduce the percentage of
persons in HIV medical care who are homeless to
no more than 5%. [National-level indicator #7]
Reduce HIV-
related
Disparities
and Health

Inequities
1) Reduce disparities in
the rate of new diagnoses
among (a) gay, bisexual
men; (b) young black gay
and bisexual men;
(c) black women; and
(d) persons living in the
South
1. Disparity MSM: Reduce the disparity in the rate
of new diagnoses in gay and bisexual men by at
2. Disparity young black MSM: Reduce the
disparity in the rate of new diagnoses in young
black gay and bisexual men by at least 15%.
3. Disparity black women: Reduce the disparity in
the rate of new diagnoses in black women by at
4. Disparity South: Reduce the disparity in the rate
of new diagnoses in the southern United States
by at least 15%. [National-level indicator #9]
5. Viral suppression—Youth: Increase the
percentage of youth with diagnosed HIV infection
who are virally suppressed to at least 80%.
6. Viral suppression—PWID: Increase the
percentage of persons who inject drugs with

2) Increase the
percentage of youth and
persons who inject drugs
who are virally suppressed
3) Reduce stigma and
discrimination associated
with the acquisition and
transmission of HIV
4) Ensure effective use of
management
23
5) Maximize the efficiency
of administrative
processes
diagnosed HIV infection who are virally
suppressed to at least 80%. [National-level
indicator #10]
7. Viral suppression—Transgender (National-
level developmental indicator): Increase the
percentage of transgender women in HIV medical
care who are virally suppressed to at least 90%.
8. Stigma (National-level developmental

indicator): Decrease stigma among persons with
diagnosed HIV infection by at least 25%.
Continually
Improve
Effectiveness
and Efficiency
of Operations
1) Recruit and retain a
highly qualified, satisfied,
and motivated workforce
1. By 2020, the Best Places to Work index score
from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey
(EVS), an internal tool used by the Federal
government to assess employee satisfaction, will
meet or exceed the CDC agency score.
2. By, 2020, the Employee Engagement Index score
from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey
(EVS), an internal tool used by the Federal
government to assess whether employees feel
engaged and motivated to accomplish the
mission, will meet or exceed the CDC agency
score.
3. By 2020, at least 89% of document submitted to
CDC’s electronic clearance system for scientific
documents will be cleared by DHAP within 30
days.
2) Ensure effective use of

management
3)Maximize the efficiency
of administrative
processes
24
Appendix 2: Definitions
1) Vision: A short statement of DHAP’s aspirations for the
future.
2) Mission: A succinct description of the fundamental purpose
of the organization.
3) Goals: Broadly defined outcomes.
4) Objectives: The specific, measurable, achievable, and
realistic results to be achieved within 5
years.
5) Strategies: Plans or methods to achieve the objectives.
6) Guiding Principles: Factors that guide senior leadership
decision making.
7) Core Functions: Key areas that represent DHAP’s essential
body of work funded by the
federal government to carry out its public health mission. These
include the following 5 areas:
Surveillance; Resource Management; Program Implementation,
Evaluation, and Capacity
Building; Policy, Planning, and Communications; and Research
and Development.

8) Core Values: Principles that guide how an organization
thinks and works together, and how
they serve their communities.
9) Indicators: Ambitious, feasible, and measurable targets that
chart progress towards successful
implementation of the strategic plan and the impact of strategic
plan efforts.
10) Core Activities: Routine, foundational efforts necessary to
maintain steady progress towards
realizing DHAP’s vision.
11) Strategic Activities: Prioritized, targeted efforts that are
essential to accelerate progress
towards achieving the specific objectives and goals laid out in
the DHAP strategic plan.
IntroductionMission and VisionCore ValuesCore FunctionsGoal
1: Prevent New HIV InfectionsGoal 2: Improve Health
Outcomes for Persons Living with HIVGoal 3: Reduce HIV-
related Disparities and Health InequitiesGoal 4: Continually
Improve Effectiveness and Efficiency of OperationsAppendix 2:
Definitions

Discussion 1 Marlon RodriguezPopulation and Community Health Pro

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