A proyect work on Scotland by 4º ESO students from Motril, Spain.

1. SCOTLAND
Realizado por:
· Estela Rodríguez Moreno
· Olga Sánchez Ruiz
· Antonio Mª Rodríguez Alonso
· Samuel Rodríguez Ortega

2. Emblem: Nemo me impure lacessit
Flag: Cross of St Andrew
National Day: 30th November
Area: 78.387 Km2
Population: 5.222.100
Capital City: Edinburgh
Major Cities: Glasgow, Aberdeen
Official Language: English
Nationality: Scottish and Brithish
Anthem: Flower of Scotland
Main religions: Church of Scotland, Scottish Episcopal Church, Roman Catholicism
Currency: Pounds
Highest point: Ben Nevis
Lowest point: Bed of Loch Morar
Longest river: River Tay
Largest Lake: Loch Lomand
Official Animal: Robin

3. Geography
SCOTLAND
Scotland is a very small country. It is 441 kilometers long. The
coastline is so jagged that it adds up to 3218 kilometers. At its
widest point it is 248 kilometers. At its narrowest it is only 40
kilometers. Because of Scotland´s narrowness and its deep
inlets, it is never possible to get far away from the sea.
Scotland occupies the northern third of the islands of Great
Britain. The river Tweed and the Cheviot Hills form Scotland’s
southern border with England. The Northwest Channel
separates southwestern Scotland from Northern Ireland. The
northwest coast faces the Atlantic Ocean. East faces the North
Sea. The east coast faces the North Sea, which separates
Scotland from the mainland of Europe.
The highest point is Ben Nevis ( 1344 meters ), and the lowest
point is Bed of Loch Morar (300 meters below sea level ).

4. Regions
• The Highlands: Is a rugged, barren region that
covers the north of Scotland. There are two
major mountain ranges, the Northwest
Highlands and the Grampian Mountains rise in
this region. In this region, it is Ben Nevis.
• The Lowlands: The valleys of the Rivers Clyde,
Fourth, and Tay cross the Central Lowlands. This
region has Scotland’s best farmland. Wide,
fertile fields and low hills with patches of trees
cover the entire region.
• The Southern Uplands: The top of the hills
are largely barren, but rich pasture land covers
most of the lower slopes. Many sheep and
cattle are raised in the southern uplands.

5. HISTORY
• The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of
the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans
established the Roman province of Britannia in the
southern part of Great Britain, as far north as Hadrian's
Wall. To the north was territory not governed by the
Romans — Caledonia, by name. Its people were the Picts.
Scotland was invaded by Gaels (Scoti) from Ireland, the
Anglo-Saxons from the continent and the Norse from
Scandinavia. The Kingdom of Scotland was established in
the 9th century.
CALEDONIA
• William Wallace: Sir William Wallace was a Scottish
knight and landowner who became one of the main
leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Along
with Andrew Morray, Wallace defeated an English army at
the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, and was Guardian of
Scotland, serving until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk. In
1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston near Glasgow
and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had
him hanged, drawn, and quartered for high treason and
crimes against English civilians. He is the protagonist of
the famous film Braveheart.

6. FAMOUS PEOPLE
• Walter Scott: Scott was born on August 15, 1771,
in Edinburgh as the son of lawyer Walter Scott
and Anne, a daughter of professor of medicine.
He attended Edinburgh High School and studied
at Edinburgh University arts and law. Scott was
apprenticed to his father in 1786 and in 1792 he
was called to the bar. In 1799 he was appointed
sheriff depute of the county of Selkirk. In 1797
Scott married Margaret Charlotte Charpenter.
They had five children. He died on September 21,
in 1832.
• Arthur Conan Doyle: Arthur Ignatius Conan
Doyle was born on 22 May 1859 in Edinburgh,
Scotland, the eldest son born to Roman Catholic
parents Mary née Foley and artist Charles
Altamont Doyle . Charles would lead a life
troubled by alcoholism and depression; after
spending much time in mental institutions, he
died in Scotland in 1893. During his years of
studies and afterwards he wrote numerous
articles and stories for such publications They
include "The Captain of the Pole-Star", "The Five
Orange Pips", "The Heiress of Glenmahowley", "J.
Habakuk Jephson's Statement", and "The Man
From Archangel".

7. NESSIE
The Loch Ness "monster" -- affectionately known as "Nessie" -- is an alleged
plesiosaur-like creature living in Loch Ness, a long, deep lake near Inverness,
Scotland. Many sightings of the "monster" have been recorded, going back at least
as far as St. Columba, the Irish monk who converted most of Scotland to Christianity
in the 6th century. Columba apparently converted Nessie, too; for it is said that until
he went out on the waters and soothed the beast, she had been a murderess.
The modern legend of Nessie begins in 1934 with Dr. Robert Kenneth Wilson, a
London physician, who allegedly photographed a plesiosaur-like beast with a long
neck emerging out of the murky waters.

8. GOVERNMENT
• The Scottish Government (formerly known as the Scottish Executive) is the devolved government for
Scotland. It develops and implements policy, and is accountable to the Scottish Parliament. It is
responsible for many issues, including health, education, justice, rural affairs and transport. Led by the
First Minister, it is made up of Cabinet Secretaries and Ministers.
• Scottish parliament: The Scottish Parliament debates topical issues and passes laws on devolved matters
affecting Scotland. It also scrutinises the work and policies of the Scottish Government. It is made up of
129 elected Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), and meets at Holyrood in Edinburgh.

9. CLANS
• The Clan is a concept which
dates back to the 12th
Century. The Scottish clans
were originally extended
networks of families who had
loyalties to a particular chief,
but the word 'clan' is derived
from the Gaelic 'clann',
meaning literally children.

10. TRADITIONAL FOOD AND DRINK
· What is “haggis” ?It is a dish containing sheep’s “pluck”, minced with onion, oatmeal, suet, spices and
salt, mixed with stock.
· What is “shortbread”? It is a type of unleavened biscuits wich is traditionally made from one part white
sugar, two parts butter and three parts oatmeal flour.
· Whisky: It is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash.
HAGGIS SHORTBREAD WHISKY

11. POPULAR SPORT IN SCOTLAND
Sport plays a central role in Scottish culture. The temperate, oceanic climate has played a
key part in the evolution of sport in Scotland, with all-weather sports like association
football, rugby union and golf dominating the national sporting consciousness.
· GOLF: Scotland is the "Home of Golf", and is well-known
for its many links courses, including the Old Course at St
Andrews, Carnoustie, Muirfield and Royal Troon. Scotland
is at the forefront of international golf, with some of the
world's premier courses being located there.
· ICE HOCKEY: Scotland has a very long successful history
of ice hockey. Scotland are host to the oldest ice hockey
team in Britain which are the Fife Flyers. At the moment
there are four Scottish teams competing in the UK-wide
Elite Ice Hockey League.

12. TRADITIONAL SCOTTISH MUSIC AND
SONG
Scotland is internationally known for its traditional
music, which has remained vibrant throughout the 20th
century ways Scottish music is similar to Irish music.
In many
Scottish groups often include Irish musicians. Singers such as Andy M. Stewart or
Connie Dover switch back and forth between Irish and Scottish songs naturally.
"Auld Lang Syne" is a Scots poem written by Robert
Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song.
It is well known in many countries, especially in the
English-speaking world; its traditional use being to
celebrate the start of the New Year at the stroke of
midnight. By extension, it is also sung at funerals,
graduations and as a farewell or ending to other occasions.
The phrase "Auld Lang Syne" is also used in similar poems
by Robert Ayton (1570–1638), Allan Ramsay (1686–1757),
and James Watson (1711) as well as older folk songs
predating Burns.[5] Matthew Fitt uses the phrase "In the
days of auld lang syne" as the equivalent of "Once upon a
time..." in his retelling of fairy tales in the Scots language.
Robert Burns

13. THE CAPITAL: EDINBURGH
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the
United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas.
The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 78 km2 rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland,
Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Parliament. The city is one of the historical major centres of the
Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North.
Climate: Edinburgh has a temperate, maritime climate which is relatively mild despite its northerly latitude.
Winters are generally mild, with daytime temperatures rarely falling below freezing, . Summer temperatures are
normally moderate, with daily upper maxima rarely exceeding 22 °C.The highest temperature ever recorded in
the city was 31.4 °C on 4 August 1975 at Turnhouse Airport. The lowest temperature recorded in recent years
was -14.6 °C during December 2010 at Gogarbank.
FIRTH OF FORTH CLIMATE
EDINBURGH

14. FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
• Hogmanay:To this day, Hogmanay is still a more
important festival in Scotland than Christmas.
Historians believe that they inherited the celebration
from the Vikings who, coming from even further north
than scotland, paid even more attention to the
passing of the shortest day. While clearly celebrated
around the world, the Scots have a long rich heritage
associated with this event, when the whole country
celebrates in the build up to "the bells" chiming
midnight - and Burns' song "Auld Lang Syne" is
murdered once again!
• The Edinburgh Festival: The Edinburgh International
Festival is a festival of performing arts that takes place HOGMANAY
in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, over three weeks
from around the middle of August. By invitation from
the Festival Director, the International Festival brings
top class performers of music (especially classical
music), theatre, opera and dance from around the
world to perform. The festival also hosts a series of
visual art exhibitions, talks and workshops.
• Robert Burn’s Festival: Robert Burns was born on 25
January 1759 in Alloway in Scotland and died on 21
July 1796. In his short life he made a tremendous
impression on many people in Scotland, so it was only
natural that they should want to mark his life and
works with some sort of celebration. THE EDINBURG FESTIVAL