12. Susan M. Poutanen, and Andrew E. Simor CMAJ 2004;171:51-58
有保護因子(年輕,沒有使用其
他抗生素)者,不易反覆性C.
difficile diarrhea
有風險因子者,易反覆性C. difficile
diarrhea,且50%為復發,50%為再
感染
13. Susan M. Poutanen, and Andrew E. Simor CMAJ 2004;171:51-58
有保護因子(年輕,沒有使用其
他抗生素)者,不易反覆性C.
difficile diarrhea
有風險因子者,易反覆性C. difficile
diarrhea,且50%為復發,50%為再
感染
可能成為C. difficile院內感染的傳染窩;病人出院後40天,病房仍可培養出C. difficile
15. 停用造成AAD的可疑藥物
補充水份&電解質
抗生素:
First
episode
Mild-to-moderate: Metronidazole PO 500 mg TID for
10-14 days.
Severe: Vancomycin PO 125 mg QID for 10-14 days.
Severe and complicated: Vancomycin PO +
metronidazole IV.
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2010), pp. 431-455
16. 停用造成AAD的可疑藥物
補充水份&電解質
抗生素:
First
episode
Mild-to-moderate: Metronidazole PO 500 mg TID for
10-14 days.
Severe: Vancomycin PO 125 mg QID for 10-14 days.
Severe and complicated: Vancomycin PO +
metronidazole IV.
Complicated: hypotension, shock, ileus, megacolon
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2010), pp. 431-455
17. First
recurrence
Mild-to-moderate: Metronidazole PO 500 mg TID for
10-14 days.
Severe: Vancomycin PO 125 mg QID for 10-14 days.
Severe and complicated: Vancomycin PO +
metronidazole IV.
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2010), pp. 431-455
18. First
recurrence
Mild-to-moderate: Metronidazole PO 500 mg TID for
10-14 days.
Severe: Vancomycin PO 125 mg QID for 10-14 days.
Severe and complicated: Vancomycin PO +
metronidazole IV.
和first episode一樣的治療regimen
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2010), pp. 431-455
19. First
recurrence
Mild-to-moderate: Metronidazole PO 500 mg TID for
10-14 days.
Severe: Vancomycin PO 125 mg QID for 10-14 days.
Severe and complicated: Vancomycin PO +
metronidazole IV.
Second
recurrence
開始chronic therapy,用tapered vancomycin治療
Vancomycin PO 125 mg Q6H *14 days Q12H *7 days
QD *7 days
不可用metronidazole 會有cumulative neurotoxicity
和first episode一樣的治療regimen
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2010), pp. 431-455
20. Fidaxomicin (Dificid® ) , a new macrolide.
2011 FDA approval, 2012 tFDA approval.
用於First episode(除了complicated)
PO 200 mg BID *10 days
24. Susan M. Poutanen, and Andrew E. Simor CMAJ 2004;171:51-58
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach 6th Edition
楊佳鈴(2012)。醫療院所內困難梭狀芽孢桿菌相關疾病的預防與
控制。感染控制雜誌,第十八卷,第三期。
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May
2010), pp. 431-455
廖淑貞。艱難梭狀桿菌感染。Formosan J Med 2012;16:145-50.
Koo HL, Antimotility agents for the treatment of Clostridium difficile
diarrhea and colitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 1;48(5):598-605
Ciarán P Kelly(2014). Patient information: Antibiotic-associated
diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (Beyond the Basics). Retrieved
June 6, 2015, from UpToDate.