2. Definition:
The practise of enforced separation of
different racial groups in a country,
community, or establishment.
3. Why Segregation Began...
For more than 200 years before the Civil
War, slavery existed in the United States. But
after the war things began to get worse for
blacks. The Southern legislatures, former
confederates, passed laws known as the black
codes, after the war, which severely limited
the rights of blacks and segregated them from
whites. These were made so Whites were still
relatively in control of them and top of the
hierarchy structure.
4. Its typically associated in the „Jim Crow Era‟ -
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws
in the United States enacted between 1876
and 1965.
They mandated racial segregation in all
public facilities in Southern states of the
former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a
"separate but equal" status for African
Americans.
In the late 1800‟s a series of measures
thought to prevent blacks from voting
through pole taxes, literacy tests and
residency requirements – virtually
eliminating blacks to participate in public
life.
5. Jim Crow Laws – “The Crows from Dumbo”
In this 1941 classic, Dumbo the flying elephant runs into a band of jive-
talking black crows who sing, “I‟d be done see‟n about
everything/when I see an elephant fly!”
The blackbirds acting in a manner stereotypically assigned for African-
Americans was seen as racist and they even got a white actor to do his
best „black voice‟.
The lead character was named „Jim Crow‟ which were laws where state
and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.
The crows are very specifically depicted as poor and uneducated.
They‟re constantly smoking; they wear pimptastic hats; and they‟re
experts on all things „fly‟ so its really a team effort contributing to the
general minstrel-show feel to the whole number.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s35puUhqQJc
6. Racial segregation often existed in small
activities such as eating in a restaurant,
drinking from a water fountain, using a
public toilet, attending school, going to the
movies, applying for jobs or in the rental
or purchase of a home. Signs made
segregation more legitimate e.g.
7. In America in the late 19th and early 20th
century saw the rise in the „Jim Crow Era‟
for the „de jure segregation‟ in the south
and „de facto segregation‟ in the north.
The difference between the two:
De Jure Segregation – the separation of
people on the basis of race as required by
law.
De Facto Segregation – being
discriminated against in reality even if
there is no official law against it.
8. De Facto Segregation
In the north segregation was not
mandated but still heavily practised
because that's just the way it was. Because
of this mind set there was an expectation
by many white citizens that blacks sat at
the back of buses or were subservient to
whites. This was an example of De Facto
Segregation.
9. It wasn‟t until 1948 that then president
Harry Truman signed an executive order
for the integration of the armed forces.
Still it took the army 3 years, in 1951 to
formally announce plans to de-segregate.
10. Many African Americans played pivotal
roles the establishment of the civil rights
act of 1964. Martin Luther King Jr led
massive protest delivering nation stopping
speeches and inspired generations with
his civil rights activism. Rosa Parks
refused to move from her seat on a public
bus, famously being arrested for violating
segregation laws.
11. An Experiment of Segregation:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUTaaza5
ebQ
