3D Modelling The World
Around You
Using 3D Scanning and Photogrammetry To Create Models
With Victor Gramm

Who Am I?
• My name is Victor Gramm
• IT Professional of 18 years
• Audio Engineer/Musician
• Newly minted 3D Printer Enthusiast – (not an expert)
• A family man

Goals With 3D Printing
• Connect with other 3D Printer Enthusiasts
• Is a separate User-Group/Meetup outside the OKC-OSH
warranted, given the current level of interest?
• Learn everything I can about 3D Printing and related technologies, i.e.
3D Scanning, Photogrammetry, and 3D Modelling
• Figure out ways in which I can apply what I learn to improve the lives
of everyone around me
• Find or create work in the 3D Industry in Oklahoma
• Share what I learn along the way

What will we be talking
about today?• 3D Scanning
• Photogrammetry
• 3D Modelling
• Some hardware and software solutions available
• Hardware and software solutions with which I’ve had personal
experience
• 3D Printing/Tech User-Group/Meetup – Interest?
• OKC Metro Area and Online Resources

After The Discussion – Let’s
Chat!• XBOX 360 Kinect Demonstration
• Surely I’m not the only 3D Printer Enthusiast – Tell me about
YOU! Let’s talk about your printers, scanners, and
photogrammetry efforts!
• I’ll stick around and scan anyone who’s interested for as long
as I can using the Structure Sensor. I’ll need your email
addresses to get the completed scans to you when they’re
done rendering, however.

What is 3D Scanning?
Generally speaking, Wikipedia has it sort of spelled out:
3D Scanning is the process of analyzing real-world object or environment to collect
data on its shape and possibly its appearance.
-“3D Scanning.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Apr. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_scanning.
For our purposes, I like this definition:
3D scanning is the process of capturing digital information about the shape of an
object with equipment that uses a laser or light to measure the distance between
the scanner and the object.
-Geometries, Absolute. “3D Scanning.” 3D Scanning, Laser Scanning, Laser
Digitizing, 3D Imaging Definition, 2009, www.absolutegeometries.com/3D-
Scanning.html.

Types of 3D Scanning
Contact 3D Scanners – use a carriage, articulated arm, or a
combination of the two with a probe that physically comes in
contact with the object being scanned. An example of which
being the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), used in
manufacturing with a high degree of precision. Hand-driven
touch probes are also used to digitize clay models in computer
animation. The problem with this type of scanning is that the
act of scanning could change the physical form of the object
being scanned.

Types of 3D Scanning
Non-contact active – use radiation or light and detect the amount
of radiation passing through an object, or the reflection of light off
the object for the measurements used to digitally reconstruct the
object. The types of emissions used are light, radiation, and
ultrasound, and typify the 3D Scanners we traditionally think of,
when considering 3D Scanners. There are many systems for
attaining 3D information via non-contact active methods: time-of-
flight, triangulating, conoscopic holography, and hand-held laser
methodologies; structured and modulated light methods; and CT
and MRI scans in both medical and industrial applications.

Types of 3D Scanning
Non-contact passive – detect the ambient radiation like
visible and infrared light, and is often one of the
cheaper methods given that it can be achieved often
with simple hardware. Stereoscopic, Photometric, and
Silhouette techniques fall under this category of 3D
Scanning.

What is Photogrammetry?
Photogrammetry is the art and science of making measurements from
photographs, especially for recovering the exact positions of surface
points.
-“Photogrammetry.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Apr.
2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry.
Photogrammetry has an extensive history dating back to the beginning
of photogrammetry and a wide array of applications. Topographic
mapping, architecture, engineering, manufacturing, quality control,
police investigation, geology, and cultural heritage are all domains in
which the technique is applied.

Photogrammetry Cont.
Photogrammetry involves many different methods from different
disciplines and sciences. Each stage of processing borrows from fields
of science that are, in of themselves, enormous in scope. 3-D
Coordinates define the image in space, image co-ordinates define the
image on film or on the sensor, exterior orientation defines the camera
location in space, inner orientation define geometric parameters of the
imaging process (perhaps some proprietary or well-known algorithms
are employed), and additional observations (human interventions or
AI) are all parts of the photogrammetric process. As complex as it may
sound, photogrammetry, at this point, is one of the most accessible and
accurate modalities for acquiring 3D data for 3D Modelling.

What is 3D Modelling?
3D Modelling is when a 3-dimensional digital
representation of a physical body is crafted by hand or
using data (such as points or images collected from
Scanning or Photogrammetry methods) to
algorithmically assemble a model. 3D models are used
in a variety of applications, but for our purposes today,
the models created have been prepared for 3D Printing.

The Basic Workflow
Identify Subject -> Capture Subject’s Image Data via 3D Scanning or
Photogrammetry -> Process Image Data/Render Mesh -> Cleanup Mesh
and Prepare for Printing -> Slice and Print
Depending on whether you are using a 3D Scanner or are practicing
your Photogrammetry, as well as which software you’re working with,
there may be additional steps involved in rendering a useable mesh for
3D Printing.

“Affordable” 3D Scanners
XBOX Kinect Structure Sensor 3D Systems SENSE2 2019 EinScan Pro
XBOX 360 - ~$35
XBOX One - ~$130
~$400 ~$375 ~$750

Open Hardware Solutions
DIY - “Sarduscan” DIY Turntable + DSLR Camera & Mount
https://www.instructables.com/id/Sardauscan-
sub-30-Opensource-3d-laser-scanner/
https://www.instructables.com/id/EASY-3D-
SCANNER-photogrammetry/

Software
3D Scanning Mobile 3D Scanning Desktop Photogrammetry Modelling
Scanner App (Structure
Sensor)
RecFusion (Commercial) 3DF Zephyr Meshmixer
itSeez3D Sarduscan (OpenSource) Meshroom Fusion360
Skann3D Kscan (Kinnect – free
software)
VisualSFM (OpenSource) SketchUp

My Experience Thus Far
• Experimenting with 3D Scanning, modelling, 3D Printing –
• Kinect + Kscan + MeshMixer + Cura
• Structure Sensor + itSeez3D + Meshmixer + Cura
• Experimenting with Photogrammetry-
• Samsung Galaxy Note 8 + Scann3D + MeshMixer + Cura
• Samsung Galaxy Note 8 + Meshroom + MeshMixer + Cura

XBOX 360 Kinect

XBOX 360 Kinect

XBOX 360 Kinect

XBOX 360 Kinect

Structure Sensor

Structure Sensor

Structure Sensor

Ready To Slice and Print

3D Printed!!!

Photogrammetry
Samsung Galaxy 8 Note + Scann3D
Purchased the subscription, might be some promise here. I didn’t complete a model here, however.

Photogrammetry
Samsung Galaxy 8 Note + Meshroom
I don’t have adequate computing power for this and couldn’t complete the model.
Looks to have the most data capture potential, however.

Conclusions…for now
• 3D Scanning available to average customers is a mixed bag of results at the
sub-$1000 price point. Use diligence, caution, and critical thought when
buying equipment – know your purpose and intent.
• Depth-of-field sensors + Stereoscopic camera arrangements seem to be the
bulk of commercially available 3D Scanners available, while higher-end
(more expensive) scanners employ a broader set of technologies.
• Open-source projects are alive and available, though it seems that MS and
Apple do their best to quash the longevity of those projects, per usual.
• Photogrammetry is accessible and produces the most detailed results, but
is dependent on photography chops and computing power available –
requires intensive processing for rendering models.

Conclusions…for now
3D Scanning and Photogrammetry for the purposes of creating models
to 3D print is more accessible now than it ever has been, and promises
to continue along that trend as technologies shrink and become
cheaper. It’s important to bear in mind, however, that 3D Scanning,
Photogrammetry, and 3D Modelling are entire fields of study unto
themselves, and it could be self-defeating to compare your results to
professionals in these fields.

Thank you!
• OKC-OSH User-Group and guests – I appreciate your time and attention.
• Thanks to Lawrence Kincheloe, Obadiah Grotts, Mike Mattice, and James Deaton,
specifically, for the helpful interactions we’ve had thus far
• Techlahoma – for the opportunity to present and gather concensus on the
value of a 3D Printer-specific User-Group
• Kimberly Collins and Lucas Watson for their direction and encouragement
• FreeCodeCamp Norman – my home-base Techlahoma User-Group
• iHub Staff – Kristin Garcia and Chris Tse
• Innovation @ The Edge (Bizzell Library) Staff – Ashley West, Kristi Wyatt,
and Bobby Reed + the helpful student staff
• StarSpace46 and Project 3810 for being willing to host this event

Resources
• Myself – I can be reached at victor@3Dprintingstepdad.com. My website,
http://3dprintingstepdad.com, is newly crafted, but will feature 3D printing
news, skills I learn, tips and tricks, and additional resources I find.
• Staff of the Emerging Technologies Library and their website:
https://libraries.ou.edu/content/innovation-edge
• Ashley West, Kristi Wyatt, and Bobby Reed are all enthusiastic, helpful regarding all
things “Emerging Tech”, and are all-around neat people
• Scanning resource: https://3dscanexpert.com/
• Photogrammetry resource: http://culturalheritageimaging.org/
• Tom Love Innovation Hub – Kristin Garcia, in particular, is incredibly helpful,
kind and encouraging: http://www.ou.edu/innovationhub