its about android security ,software development.

1. ANDROID
OPERATING SYSTEM
Submitted by
Vibhu mishra
1005613112

2. Content
1.Introduction
11.Conclusion
2. History
12.Refrences
3. Platform
4. Sensors
5. Architecture
6. Software development
7. Security
8. versions
8. New Features
9. Future Scope
10.Limitation

3. Introduction
What is Android?
• A software platform and operating system for mobile devices,
televisions, games consoles, digital cameras.
• Based on the Linux kernel 2.6,3.3.
• Android is under version 2 of the Apache Software License (ASL)
• Allows writing managed code in the Java language and c#(with
xamarin).
•
Android OS uses dalvik virtual machine to execute the .dex files
of android apps.when we build our android project the adk
convert the .java code to .dex code.

4. History
• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October
2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (cofounder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears(VP at TMobile), and Chris White (design and interface developer at
WebTV)
• Android was bought by Google in 2005.
• On the 5th of November 2007 the Open Handset Alliance,
a consortium of several companies was unveiled with the goal
to develop open standards for mobile devices.

5. Platform
• The minimum requirements of android os are :• 32 MB RAM
• 32 MB Flash Memory
• 200 MHz processor
•Android work on the ARM Architecture
Based Microprocessors.
•The ARM architecture developed by ARM Holdings ltd., is an
architecture mainly for mobile computing: tablets and smartphones.
And a number of mobile operating systems use ARM architecture.
• This is not a proprietary technology, but a standard.

6. Sensors
Sensors Supported by Android:• Most Android-powered devices have built-in sensors that
measure motion, orientation, and various environmental
conditions. These sensors are capable of providing raw data.
• There are two types of Sensors:
1. Hardware based Sensors
2. Software based sensors
• Hardware-based sensors are physical components built into a
handset or tablet deviceSoftware-based sensors are not
physical devices, although they mimic hardware-based sensors.
Software-based sensors derive their data from one or more of
the hardware-based sensors

7. Sensors
Sensors Supported by Android:• Accelerometer: Motion detection
• AMBIENT TEMPERATURE:
Monitoring air temperatures
• GRAVITY: Measures the force of gravity
• GYROSCOPE:
Rotation detection
• LIGHT: Controlling screen
• MAGNETIC FIELD: Creating a compass.
• ORIENTATION: Determining device position.
• PRESSURE:
Monitoring air pressure changes.

8. Architecture
Architecture of Android:-

9. Architecture
Architecture of Android:-
LINUX KERNEL:•Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction layer
•Proven driver model
•Security, Memory & Process Management
•Efficient computing resource management
•Stable and proven for mobile platform

10. Architecture
Architecture of Android:-
ANDROID RUNTIME
• Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the
functionality .
• Every Android application runs in its own process
• Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format
• Device can run multiple VMs efficiently

11. Architecture
Architecture of Android:-
LIBRARIES
•Written in C/C++ - System C Library ( libc )
•Surface manager - composing different drawing screens
• Display/Graphics(SGL)-for 2D graphics
•OpenGLES – 3D Graphics Library
•Media Libraries
•SQLite –RDB engine-light weight
•LibWebCore–web browser engine–embeddable web view

12. Architecture
Architecture of Android:-
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK:• Activity Manager
• Content Manager
• Resource Manager
• Window Manager
• Notification Manager

13. Software Development
Apps Development in java:• Developing the apps for android need android SDK (software
development kit) which is free available at -developers.android.com.
• The Android SDK provides you the API libraries and developer tools
necessary to build, test, and debug apps for Android.

14. Software Development
Apps Development in c#:• For the development of apps in c# we need Xamarin (mono c#)
.Xamarin work with visual studio and installed in it as a plugin.
• For the apps development in c# api’s available at androidapi.xamarin.com.

15. Security
The key components of the Android Security include:Multiprocess system:-Android is a multi-process system, in which
each application runs in its own process.
Linux security:- Most security is enforced at the process level
through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that
are assigned to application.

16. Security
• Penetration Testing and Code Review: During the development of
the Android Os ,components are subject to various security reviews.
These reviews are performed by the Android Security Team, and
Google’s Information Security Engineering team.
• Open Source and Community Review: The Android Open Source
Project enables broad security review by any interested party. Android
also uses open source technologies that have undergone significant
external security review, such as the Linux kernel nsultants.

17. Versions of Android
• Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread
• Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread
• Android 3.0 Honeycomb
• Android 4.0–4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich
• Android 4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich
• Support for Adobe Systems' Flash player ended with Ice Cream
Sandwich.[82]
• Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
• Android 4.2 Jelly Bean

18. NEW FEATURES
• One tablet, many users:-It’s your fully customized tablet. And theirs,
too. With support for multiple users, you can give each person their
own space.
•Share what’s on your phone on the big screen:-Android 4.2 allows
devices to enable wireless display. You can share movies, YouTube
videos, and anything that’s on your screen on an HDTV. Just connect
a wireless display adapter to any HDMI-enabled TV.

19. New Features
•Daydream:- Daydream lets your Android device display useful and
delightful information when idle or docked. Show off your photo
albums, get the latest news from Google Currents, and more.
•Beam photos and videos:-With Android Beam on Jelly Bean you
can now easily share your photos and videos with just a simple tap,
in addition to sharing contacts, web pages,

20. New Features
•A smarter keyboard,with Gesture Typing:-Writing messages on
the go is easier than ever with Gesture Typing – just glide your finger
over the letters you want to type, and lift after each word. You don’t
have to worry about spaces because they’re added automatically for
you.
.
•Photo Sphere camera:-With Android 4.2, snap pictures in every
direction that come together into incredible, immersive photo spheres
that put you right inside the scene.

21. Future Scope
• Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012
• The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the
Android platform for every mobile operator, handset
manufacturers and developers to build innovative devices.
• Google is trying to develop android os for daily using product like
watch , microwave , washing machine.
• Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so
they need to prepare for anything, including Android.

22. Limitations
Limitations of Android OS:-
Little lag:- Still an Android OS with quad-core processor has a
little lag .The Apps are running few second slower than the window
8 and ios.
Heat:-If you use Wi-Fi connectivity for about a hour you can feel
the heat in fuselage (back panel). It is not find in either Windows
or iOS.
Malicious Apps:-Malicious apps are the most common infection
channel and are comparable to trojanized programs on
desktop platforms. They provide high convenience for malware
developers.

23. Conclusion
We hope that Android in its upcoming versions overcomes its
limitations and fulfills its future promises.

24. References
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.android.com
• developer.android.com
• http://xamarin.com
• www.androidsensors.org

25. THANK YOU….