This document discusses techniques for requirement elicitation in business analysis and training. It outlines various techniques including interviews, focus groups, facilitated workshops, group creativity techniques, group decision making techniques, questionnaires and surveys, observations, and prototypes. For each technique, it provides a brief description of what the technique is and how it can be used to gather requirements from stakeholders. The overall purpose is to introduce common techniques for eliciting and documenting requirements from users and subject matter experts.

1. Business Analysis
Training
Requirement Elicitation
Techniques

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Agenda
• Techniques
Interviews
 Focus Groups
 Facilitated Work Shops
 Group Creativity Techniques
 Group Decision Making Techniques
 Questionnaires & Surveys
 Observations
 Prototypes
• Introduction to Object Oriented Analysis

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Techniques
 Interviews
 Focus Groups
 Facilitated Work Shops
 Group Creativity Techniques
 Group Decision Making Techniques
 Questionnaires & Surveys
 Observations
 Prototypes

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Interviews
 It is a common/easy technique used in requirement gathering
 It is a formal or informal direct talking approach to gather information
 Performed by either prepared or spontaneous questions and
recording responses
 It may be one to one or one to multiple or multiple to multiple
 This technique helps in obtaining highly focused business process
knowledge from stake holder
 This approach needs less planning and less stakeholder commitment
for small groups

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Focus Groups
 It is a technique where prequalified stakeholders and SMEs are brought
together to elicit their attitudes/ideas about a product, service or result
 It is guided by a moderator who help the group focused and produces the
report
 Focus group can gather in a same room or online over network
 It can be utilized during any life-cycle state: exploratory, under development,
ready to launch, or in production
 It is typically more structured unlike brainstorming where goal is to actively
seek broad, creative, even exaggerated ideas

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Facilitated Workshops
 It is a most effective & structured way to gather and deliver high
quality cross-functional requirements quickly
 It is a highly productive focused event attended by carefully selected
key stakeholders and subject matter experts for a short, intensive
period
 It is guided and moderated by a facilitator who has strong subject
knowledge/experience
 This technique helps in identifying issues and get resolved quickly
than individual sessions
 It is also called as JAD session where it brings users and development
team together
 It can promote trust, mutual understanding, and strong
communications among the project stakeholders and project team

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Group Creativity Techniques
 Brainstorming
• It is an excellent way to foster creative thinking about a problem and it
aims to produce multiple new ideas/solutions for further analysis
 Nominal Group Technique
• Useful ideas are voted and ranked for further brainstorming and
prioritization
 The Delphi Technique
• Experts answers questionnaire in 2 or more rounds and have options to
revise their earlier answers
• During this process the range of the answers will decrease and the group
will converge towards the "correct" answer
 Idea/Mind Mapping
 Affinity Diagram

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Group Decision Making Techniques
 This technique is used when there is different ideas from Users
who are in similar role
 It is an assessment process of multiple ideas
 It is used to generate, classify, finalize and prioritize requirements
 Different Methods are:
• Unanimity – Everyone agrees for single solution
• Majority – More than 50% members support
• Plurality – Largest block agrees for an idea
• Dictatorship – One person in the group decides

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Questionnaires and Surveys
 It is set of written questions to gather requirement from wide range of people in
very short period of time
 These questions/surveys are sent to stakeholders and SMEs
 This technique is used when statistical analysis is required among the ideas
 Types of Questions:
• Closed – Questions with predefined list of responses/answers
• Open ended – Questions which are open to answer anything
 Normally Closed questions are used in Surveys as it helps analyzing the responses
faster

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Observations
 It is a direct way of viewing individuals in their work environment to see how a
task, job or a process is carried out
 This method is used when user has difficulty allotting time or articulating
requirement
 It is also called as Job Shadowing or Following people around
 It is also used to study the detailed process and to uncover hidden requirements
 This technique is appropriate when documenting details about current processes
or if the project is intended to enhance or change the current process
 Types of Observation:
• Passive/Invisible
• Active/Visible

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Prototype
 It is providing a working model of a expected product
 It gives better clarity in visual form rather than just oral or written representation
of requirements
 Prototypes can be created by various mock-ups and it helps users in
experimenting, providing feedback and revision
 When sufficient revisions are done to prototype, then the requirements gathered
are moved to next phase of the project
 Types of Prototype:
• Horizontal – Eg: Just UI with no backend logic gives overview
• Vertical – Eg: Both UI and logic gives deep understanding

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