Pandemic Health Problem in the year 2020 4th year B.Sc Nursing community health nursing-II Unit-2 Health planning and health policies in india

1. COVID-19
BY,
VEDANTHAVINOD
ASSISTANT LECTURER
CCON-MYSORE
COronaVIrus Disease- 2019

2. CONTENTS TO BE DISCUSSED:
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF CORONA VIRUS
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DECLARATION
MEANING
CAUSES/RISK FACTORS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

3. INTRODUCTION
Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses that cause
diseases in mammals and birds. The name
"coronavirus" is derived from Latin
corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing
from Greek "garland, wreath".
Family: Coronaviridae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Kingdom: Orthornavirae

4. CROSS SECTIONAL MODEL OF A
CORONAVIRUS
CROSS SECTIONAL MODEL OF A CORONAVIRUS

5. Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that have a halo, or crown-like
(corona) appearance when viewed under an electron microscope.

6. WHO DECLARATION
The virus is now known as the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19).
In March 2020, the World Health Organization
(WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a
pandemic.

7. MEANING
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain
of coronavirus.
'CO' stands for corona,
'VI' for virus, and
'D' for disease.
Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019
novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.'

8. MEANING
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can
cause illnesses such as the common cold,
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
and Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS).
In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as
the cause of a disease outbreak that originated
in China.

9. RISK AGE GROUPS
The virus that causes COVID-19 infects people of
all ages.
These are older people (that is people over 60
years old); and
Those with underlying medical conditions (such
as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic
respiratory disease, and cancer).
 The risk of severe disease gradually increases
with age starting from around 40 Years.
The higher risk age groups are young children.

10. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Data has shown that,
 It spreads from person to person among those
in close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2
meters).
The virus spreads by respiratory droplets
released when someone with the virus coughs,
sneezes or talks.

11. These droplets can
be inhaled or land in
the mouth or nose of a
person nearby.
It can also spread if a
person touches a
surface with the virus
on it and then touches
his or her mouth, nose
or eyes.

12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) may appear two to 14 days after
exposure. This time after exposure and before
having symptoms is called the incubation period.
Common signs and symptoms can include:
Fever
Cough
Tiredness

13. Early symptoms of may include
a loss of taste or smell.

14. OTHER SYMPTOMS CAN INCLUDE:
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Muscle aches
Chills
Sore throat
Runny nose
Headache
Chest pain
Pink eye (conjunctivitis)

15. LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS
Other less common symptoms have been
reported, such as
Rash ,
Nausea ,
Vomiting and
Diarrhea .

16. TYPES
The severity of COVID-19 symptoms can range
from very mild to severe.
Some people may have only a few symptoms,
and
Some people may have no symptoms at
all.(ASYMPTOMATIC)

17. INVESTIGATIONS

18. NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB
SAMPLE COLLECTION

19. NASAL SWAB

21. TREATMENT
There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or
treat human coronavirus infections. Treatment is only
supportive.
A number of antiviral targets have been identified
such as viral proteases, polymerases, and entry
proteins.
Drugs are in development which target these proteins
and the different steps of viral replication. A number of
vaccines using different methods are also under
development for different human coronaviruses.

22. PREVENTIve measures
Although there is no vaccine available to
prevent COVID-19, you can take steps to
reduce your risk of
infection. WHO and CDC recommend following
these precautions for avoiding COVID-19:
•Avoid large events and mass gatherings.
•Avoid close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2
meters) with anyone who is sick or has
symptoms.

23. Stay home as much as possible and keep
distance between yourself and others (within
about 6 feet, or 2 meters), especially if you
have a higher risk of serious illness.
Keep in mind some people may have COVID-
19 and spread it to others, even if they don't
have symptoms or don't know they
have COVID-19.

24. •Wash your hands often with soap and water for at
least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand
sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
•Cover your face with a cloth face mask in public
spaces, such as the grocery store, where it's difficult
to avoid close contact with others, especially if you're
in an area with ongoing community spread. Only use
nonmedical cloth masks — surgical masks and N95
respirators should be reserved for health care
providers.

25. •Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow
or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw
away the used tissue. Wash your hands right
away.
•Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
•Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, towels, bedding
and other household items if you're sick.

26. •Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as
doorknobs, light switches, electronics and counters,
daily.
•Stay home from work, school and public areas if
you're sick, unless you're going to get medical care.
Avoid public transportation, taxis and ride-sharing if
you're sick.
If you have a chronic medical condition and may
have a higher risk of serious illness, check with your
doctor about other ways to protect yourself.

27. DISCUSSED CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF CORONA VIRUS
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DECLARATION
MEANING
CAUSES/RISK FACTORS
MODE OF TRANSMISSION/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

28. ANY DOUBTS??
STAY HOME
STAY SAFE