The document discusses the history and techniques of 3D printing buildings, including its origins in the 1980s and increasing applications. It outlines various 3D printing methods like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling. The document also summarizes a case study of the world's largest 3D printed building completed in Dubai in 2019 using a mixture of recycled materials.

1. 3d printed building
technology
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY
3. TECHNIQUES
4. WORKING
5. APPLICATIONS
6. LIMITATIONS
7. CASE STUDY ON WORLD’S LARGEST 3D PRINTED
BUILDING

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Introduction
What is 3D printing?
3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three
dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
It is a form of additive manufacturing in which components are
fabricated in an additive fashion by adding successive layers of
materials together.
It is also known as:
1. Rapid prototyping
2. Additive manufacturing

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Why it is needed?
• High cost of concrete.
• Waste generated from the formwork.
• Slow speed of construction in conventional method
• Due to the materials used in construction in current situation are
not environmental friendly.
• Conventional method of construction limits geometrical freedom
for the architects.
• Conventional method of construction is labour intensive.
• Issues with the safety of labours.

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1986
• Chuck W Hull created the first 3D printer and he also named his method of
printing as stereo lithography
1989
• S. Scott Crump invents and patents a new additive manufacturing method
called Fused Deposition Modelling.
1995
• The technique of Contour Crafting by Behrohk Khoshnevis.
History
2000
• Several organizations began experiment by using 3D printing to produce
modular components of full-scale projects.
2006
• 3D printers designed to print a building in place.
2014
• World’s first 3D printed house came into forth.
2017
• World’s first 3D printed bridge is completed in Amsterdam.
2019
• World’s largest 3D printed building is completed in Dubai.

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Different methods
• Stereo lithography
• Selective laser sintering
• Fused deposition modelling
• Contour crafting

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Stereo lithography
 It is a process of creating 3D objects using a computer controlled laser to build the
required structure, layer by layer. It does it by using a resin liquid photopolymer.
Selective laser sintering(SLS)
 It is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser to fuse small
particles of plastic or glass powder into a desired 3D shape.
Fused deposition modelling(FDM)
 It is an additive manufacturing process in which an object is built by selectively
depositing melted material in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer. The materials
used are thermoplastic polymers.
Contour crafting
 Contour crafting is an automated construction process, which uses quick-setting,
concrete-like material and forms the house's walls layer by layer until topped off by
floors and ceilings set in place by the crane.

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Fig.1 SLA 3D printer Fig.2 SLS 3D printer
Fig.3 FDM 3D printer Fig.4 Contour Crafting 3D printer

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Working
Fig.5 Schematic representation of work flow of 3D printer

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Applications
 Fast production
 Zero material waste
 Cost effectiveness
 Innovative design
 Labour efficiency
 Environmental or Economical Impacts
Limitations
 Size of printers
 Material used for printing
 High cost of printers
 Un availability of codes
 Fear cutting down of jobs

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Case study on world’s largest 3D printed building
 Dubai is known as a city of opulence that constantly tries to outdo other tourist
destinations.
 Dubai already has the world’s tallest building, the Burj Khalifa, which stands 2,717
feet tall with 160 stories.
 And Dubai is now become the site of a new architectural feat, the largest 3D printed
building in the world.
 The building constructed for Dubai municipality for their administrative purpose.
Project details
• Name of project: Municipality building
• Place: Dubai
• Year of completion: 2019 (17 days)
• Company: Apis Cor. USA
• Cost: $140,000
• Material: Mixture of recycled construction debris, cement, gypsum, and other
compounds.

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Fig.6 Fully completed building

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Fig.7 Apis cor’s 3D printer

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