Vanessa Loera Caves presentation

1. Caves
GEOGRAPHY 110-70 FALL 2015
PRESENTED BY : VANESSA LOERA

2. Introduction
“The cave you fear to enter holds the treasure that you seek.”
-Joseph Campbell American
mythologist,, and writer

3. What is it ?
 A cave is an opening in the
ground that is caused by natural
geological activities, and man. The
sizes and variety of the rock
depends largely on the
geographical location
 Most caves and caverns refer to
limestone but includes sea caves,
rock shelters, and grottos, lava
tubes etc .
 Cavern always have natural light
 Caves have zero light

4. How are they formed ?
 Generally, the combination of soluble
rock, flow of water and time
contribute the formation of a cave
 Rainwater combines with carbon
dioxide that creates mild carbonic
acid .
 This carbonic acid flows into cracks of
either limestone (most common),
chalk , dolomite , marble, salt, and
gypsum, which is distressed enough
to create a greater flow of water.
 After sometime the result is a cave

5. Limestone Caves
• Typically what the term caves
pertains to because they are
most common
• Longest and deepest
• Found all over the world
• The world's longest cave system
is Mammoth Cave, in the U.S.
state of Kentucky. It is more
than 350 miles (560 kilometers)
long.
Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location
and Formation

6. Sea Caves (littoral
cave )
• Caused by waves crashing
against sea cliffs causing
erosion.
• Located near coast
• Most notable The Grotto of
Capri because the water
appears to be glowing as a
result of an underwater
opening.
Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location and Formation

7. Lava Caves
• Constitutes as a primary cave
because unlike limestone caves these
caves formed when the rock around
them was forming as well.
• Formed through volcanic activity
• Other caves that are formed by
volcanic activity include rift caves,
lava mold caves and inflationary
caves.
• Most notable is Kazumara Cave It is
the longest and deepest lava tube on
Earth 40.7 miles long and 3,614 ft
deep.
Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location and Formation

8. Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location and Formation
Glacier Caves Ice Caves
• Formed entirely of ice from a
glacier .
• Found Pacific Northwest
• Any cave that has ice all
throughout the year .
• Anywhere below freezing

9. Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location and Formation
Sandstone Caves Mud Caves
• Formed from water and wind
action
• Found inland
• This is Mormon Rocks in the
Cajon Pass , Ca
• Formed by water flowing through
deposits of slit.
• Popular in Anza Borrego Desert State
Park in San Diego County, Ca

10. Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location and Formation
Sinkholes Talus
• Happen when the roof of a cave
collapses usually cause by human
activity .
• Occur everywhere
Also known as boulder caves
because they are located under a
boulder pile

11. Different Types of Caves/ Caverns Location and Formation
Fracture Anchialine
• Coastal caves formed by
limestone that are flooded by
seawater .
• Formed when soluble minerals dissolve
from between layers of less soluble rock .
• Largest one is Seneca Caverns in Ohio . It
is 250 ft long

12. How does it affect life on Earth?
Ecosystem for life that requires consistent temperatures and darkness . Also caves provide
a clean source of water.

13. Is there some problems?
 Environmental
 Vandalism
 Inappropriate
Construction
 Excessive Contamination
 Loss and Destruction of
Resources

14. What are the solutions ?
 The Conservation Code from National Caving Association
 Clumsiness can wreck cave formations.
 Observe taped routes - they are there to safeguard the cave.
 Never leave litter or spent carbide in a cave - pollution kills cave life.
 Set others a good example when caving - persuade them to follow it.
 Enlist the help of experts to record anything new you may find.
 Responsible leaders will avoid taking novices where they may accidentally cause damage.
 Vandalism means damage to stals, mud floors, rimstone pools etc., - help prevent it.
 Alert your Regional Caving Council to developments which may possibly damage or destroy caves.
 Take care not to disturb cave life, especially bats, or remains which may be of archaeological or
historical mining interest.
 Initiate measures to help look after caves and mines - collect litter, clean off graffiti, etc.
 Offer your support to others who initiate conservation measures.
 Natural caves and old mines are part of our natural heritage - help protect them.

15. Summary of Caves
A cave and cavern is a natural occurring wonder that is the result of a combination
of water, and carbon dioxide .Over a period of time erosion of soluble rock , such
as limestone, creates a cave . Although, caverns are frequently mistaken for caves
,the biggest difference is that caverns have natural light that flows through.
Meanwhile, cave are located in the Earth and have zero light. Caves and caverns
happen all over the Earth and range in size and variety. Caves can develop near
the coast line as well as inland areas such as Mormon Rocks located in Cajon Pass
in California . Caves provide an essential ecosystem for organisms that require
dark and consistent temperatures as well as a clean water source as long as free of
human contaminants. However , the delicate ecosystem of the caves is
jeopardized by human activity. Luckily there is numerous government programs
and nonprofits that work diligently to preserve them. Furthermore , the
preservation of these natural wonders is in the capable hands of any tourist. Just
by being considerate of nature we can all continue to enjoy the immense beauty
of caves and caverns.

16. References
 2014. National Caves Association . web . 06 October 2015.
 Burcham, John. "Learning About Caves; How Caves are Formed." n.d. Journey into Amazing Caves. web. 6 October 2015.
 "Arroyo Tapiado Mud Caves ." 2006-2015. summitpost.org. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.
 "How Caves Form ." 06 October 2015. Nova . Web.
 James, Owen. "World's Biggest Cave Found in Vietnam ." 04 July 2009. National Geographic News. National Geographic
Society . 06 October 2015.
 Iliffe, Thomas M. "Achialine Caves and Cave Fauna if the World ." n.d. tamug.edu . Web. 01 Dec. 2015.
 "Caves." The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, and Mennaet.al Baines. Cardiff: Literature
Wales, 2008. Credo Reference. Web. 1 Dec. 2015
 Lorenzi, Rossella (2009-09-28). "Roman Statues Found in Blue Grotto Cave". DiscoveryNews. Web. 1 Dec. 2015
 Gulden, Bob (2011-06-21), World's Longest Lava Tubes, web 1 Dec. 2015
 Hoskins, Zach. "Through the Cracks." Outdoor America. Winter 2000: 24-28. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web.
01 Dec. 2015.
 Sebeca Caverns Ohio . n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2015.
 Association, Nartional Caving. "Protect Our Caves." n.d. Dundee. Web. 01 Dec. 2015