Biometrics uses physiological and behavioral characteristics to identify or verify human identity. Examples include fingerprints, face recognition, iris scans, voice recognition, and signatures. Biometric technologies must be universal, unique, permanent, collectible, perform accurately, be acceptable to users, and difficult to circumvent. Systems enroll users by capturing and storing biometric data. They verify users by comparing live samples to stored data. Popular modalities described in the document are fingerprints, face recognition, iris scans, voice recognition, and signatures. Biometrics provides accurate identity verification but has disadvantages like affected scans from medical conditions and high costs.

1. “BIOMETRICS”
BY-
VARTIKA PAUL
4IT55

2. BIOMETRICS
Definition
“ Biometrics is the identification or
verification of human identity through the
measurement of repeatable physiological
and behavioral characteristics”

3. • Physiological
• Behavioral
Examples-face,fingerprints,hand geometry
and iris Recognition,dna.
Examples-signature and voice.
Biometrics can be sorted into two classes:
Categories of BIOMETRICS:

4. Basic characteristics of BIOMETRIC
Technologies:
• Universality: Every person should have the characteristic.
People who are mute or without a fingerprint will need to be
accommodated in some way.
• Uniqueness: Generally, no two people have identical
characteristics. However, identical twins are hard to distinguish.
• Permanence: The characteristics should not vary with time. A
person's face, for example, may change with age.
• Collectibility: The characteristics must be easily collectible and
measurable.
• Performance: The method must deliver accurate results under
varied environmental circumstances.
• Acceptability: The general public must accept the sample
collection routines. Nonintrusive methods are more acceptable.
• Circumvention: The technology should be difficult to deceive

6. Working principle :
Biometric devices consist of a reader or scanning
device software that converts the gathered information
into digital form, and a database that stores the
biometric data with comparison with existing records.
• Enrollment Mode.
• Verification Mode.

7. Modes:
• Enrollment Mode:
A sample of the biometric trait is captured,
processed by a computer, and stored for later
comparison .
• Verification Mode:
In this mode biometric system authenticates a
person’s claimed identity from their previously
enrolled pattern.

8. Biometric Modalities:
• Fingerprint Recognition:
For fingerprint Recognition look at :
 Friction ridges.
 Core
 Crossover.
 Delta.
 Island
 Ridge Ending.
 Pore.

10. LOOP, ARCH AND WHORL

11. Minutiae
• Uses ridge endings ,bifurcations on a person’s
finger to plot points know as Minutiae.
• The number and locations of the minutiae vary from
finger to finger in any particular person, and from
person to person for any particular finger.
Finger Image Finger Image + Minutiae Minutiae

13. Face Recognition:
It involves recognizing
people by there:
• Facial features.
• Face geometry.
Principle:
Analysis of unique shape, pattern and
positioning of facial features.

15. Voice Recognition:
• Voice recognition is not the same as
speech recognition, it is speaker
recognition.
• Considered both physiological and
behavioral.
• Popular and low-cost, but less accurate
and sometimes lengthy enrollment.

17. Styles of spoken input:
These system have three styles of
spoken inputs:
• Text Dependent.
• Text prompted.
• Text Independent.

18. Iris Recognition:
Iris:
• It is the coloured area of the eye that
surrounds the pupil.
• It is a protected internal organ whose
random texture is stable throughout
life.
• The iris patterns are obtained through a
video-based image acquisition system .

19. Iris Images:

21. Signature Verification:
• Static/Off-line: the conventional way.
• Dynamic/On-line: using electronically
instrumented device.
Principle:
The movement of the pen during the signing
process rather than the static image of the
signature.Many aspects of the signature in motion
can be studied, such as pen pressure, the sound
the pen makes.

22. Biometric devices:
• Optical fingerprint scanner:

23. • Personal fingerprint safes:
These safes are revolutionary locking
systems storage cases that open with
just the touch of your finger.

24. Advantages of Biometrics:
• Biometric identification can provide extremely
accurate, secured access to information; fingerprints,
retinal and iris scans produce absolutely unique data
sets when done properly.
• Current methods like password verification have
many problems (people write them down, they forget
them, they make up easy-to-hack passwords) .
• Automated biometric identification can be done very
rapidly and uniformly, with a minimum of training .
• Your identity can be verified without resort to
documents that may be stolen, lost or altered.

25. Disadvantages of BIOMETRICS:
• The finger print of those people working in Chemical
industries are often affected. Therefore these
companies should not use the finger print mode of
authentication.
• It is found that with age, the voice of a person
differs. Also when the person has flu or throat
infection the voice changes or if there there are too
much noise in the environment this method maynot
authenticate correctly. Therefore this method of
verification is not workable all the time
• For people affected with diabetes, the eyes get
affected resulting in differences.
• Biometrics is an expensive security solution.

26. BIOMETRICS SECURITY:
Security personnel look for biometric data that
does not change over the course of your life;
that is, they look for physical characteristics
that stay constant and that are difficult to fake
or change on purpose.