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Meet the Presenter
Juhani Lehto. Product Manager at
Vaisala, with over 10 years of
experience in sensor technologies
and industrial applications.
M.Sc. (Tech.) in Electrical
Engineering.
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3. © Vaisala
Vaisala in Brief
Established in 1936
Weather and Environment
Industrial Measurements
– Industrial relative humidity (%RH) measurements with
HUMICAP® since 1973
– CO2 measurements with CARBOCAP® since 1997
Serves customers in over 150 countries every year
Visit www.vaisala.com
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4. © Vaisala
Contents
Overview of Cold Storage Applications
Benefits of Reliable CO2 Measurement
Some Words about Safety
CARBOCAP® Technology
Tips for Good CO2 Measurements
Summary, Further Reading
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Cold Storage Applications and CO2 Measurement
Food ripening/maturing (fruits, cheese, meat, etc.)
(Frozen) food manufacturing, storage and transportation
Other storage areas that are using CO2 as a refrigerant (R744)
Dry ice manufacturing, transportation and use
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Benefits of Reliable CO2 Measurements
In vegetable/fruit storage/transportation
Right CO2 level is important to keep fruit fresh
Better control leads to more predictable and better quality
Safety aspects
Cooling consumes a significant amount of energy and
money
According to the IEA cooling’s share of total energy consumption
was almost 6% in 2015*
To ensure optimal refrigerator performance, refrigerant levels are
important
Refrigerant filling and maintenance costs money
Locating leaks as soon as possible saves both energy and
refrigerant
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*) https://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/buildings/cooling/
7. © Vaisala
Some Words about Safety
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EN 378 - Safety and Environmental Requirements
There are local laws, regulations, and standards depending on the country
EN 378 standard (2016) - ”Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Safety and environmental
requirements”
Specifies the monitoring requirements
Specifies type and performance of detectors
In practice, CO2 monitoring is mandatory in any machinery room or occupied space...
-”Any suitable detector may be used... that activates the shut-off valves, the alarm system, the
mechanical ventilation or other emergency controls” (EN 378-3:2016 / 9.3.1: Type and
performance of detectors, General)
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The Optical Infrared (IR) Measurement Technology
Infrared light is absorbed by different gases at a known light wavelength
A filter in front of the detector only passes light in the CO2 bandwith
The detector measures the intensity of the light and converts this into the CO2
concentration
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Transmission
Wavelength (micrometers)
CO2 absorption
FPI chip
Air gap
Upper mirror
Lower mirror
Silicon substrate
Absorption measurement
Tunable Bandpass Filter
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Reference measurement
Air gap
Upper mirror
Lower mirror
Silicon substrate
Transmission
Wavelength (micrometers)
CO2 absorption
Tunable Bandpass Filter
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Benefits of CARBOCAP®
Stability
Long lifetime
Continuous CO2 environment
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Tips for Good CO2 Measurements:
Tackling Challenges in Fruit Storage Facilities
High humidity and risk of mold (some fruits and vegetables release moisture)
Risk of damage by machinery (forklifts, pump trolleys, pressure washers)
Dust and dirt, pests, chemicals (pesticides, detergents, preservatives)
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Tips for Good CO2 Measurements:
Tackling Challenges in Refrigerator Machine Rooms
Sensor positioning:
Close to potential leak sources
CO2 is heavier than air, sinks to floor level
Ventilation can affect measurement, so avoid installing close to air inlet vents
Open doors and windows also change the CO2 concentration
Temperature variations (might affect the CO2 measurement)
Avoid installing the CO2 detector close to vibrating engines or actuators
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Tips for Good CO2 Measurements:
Tackling Challenges in Dry Ice Transportation
Sufficient ventilation is (literally) a deadly serious business when operating with dry
ice in confined spaces
Challenge to monitor CO2 levels in dry ice transportation as well
Handheld monitoring instrument might be a good solution
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Vaisala GM70
Handheld
Indicator
16. © Vaisala
Vaisala Indigo 200 and GMP250 Series CO2 Probes for
Online CO2 Monitoring
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GMP252:
0... 3 %CO2
(0... 30 000 ppmCO2)
GMP251:
0... 20 %CO2
(0... 200 000 ppmCO2)
Remote probe
cables 1... 10+ m
Indigo 201 Analog Transmitter (V/ mA)
Indigo 202 Digital Transmitter (Modbus)
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Application Example: Online CO2 Monitoring Solution
in Dry Ice Factory
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CO2
Tank
Ice manuf.Ice storage
Ventilation out
Ventilation in (fresh air)
Indigo 200 with GMP252
CO2 probe
Alarm light outside
Indicates too high CO2
concentration inside
Alarm buzzer inside
warning people to leave
Alternative/extra
installation location for
Indigo 200 with GMP252
18. © Vaisala
How Vaisala Can Help You
Over 20 years of experience in CO2 measurements
Wide range of dedicated industrial instruments
Unique, patented technologies
Local and global support
Other needed parameters (humidity, temperature...)
Instruments and systems
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GMP343 GM70 Indigo 200
GMP252
20. © Vaisala
Further Reading
Know the Risks – Work Safely with CO2
https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/VIM-G-CO2-Work-Safety-App-note-B211122EN.pdf
Measuring CO2 in Refrigeration Applications
https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/CEN-G-Measuring-CO2-in-Refrigeration-Application-note-B211530EN.pdf
CO2 Measurements in Breweries and Wineries
https://www.vaisala.com/system/files/documents/CEN-G-CO2-Measurement-in-Breweries-and-Wineries-Application-Note-B211529EN-A-LOW-v3.pdf
How to Measure Carbon Dioxide
https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/CEN-TIA-Parameter-How-to-measure-CO2-Application-note-B211228EN-A.pdf
Vaisala CARBOCAP® Technology video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JS4i2PDXcvI
Understanding Measurement Performance and Specifications
https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/Understanding-Accuracy-Specifications-Technical-note-B211482EN.pdf
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