2. The Animal Kingdom
Multicellular with true tissues
Specialized eukaryotic cells
Limited growth, till maturity
Possess a definite shape,
size and symmetry.
Have their own means of
locomotion.
Muscular/nervous systems
unique to animals
Consumers- ingest food.
Organisation - till organ
system
6. PHYLUM - PORIFERA
Sponges
organisms with holes (pores)
Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia
Larger openings are called oscula
Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton)
no tissues differentiation
Sessile (permanently attached as adults.)
Asymmetrical- no symmetry
live in Sea water, some in fresh water
Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization
(sexual)
9. Phylum - Cnidaria/Coelenterata
Characteristics:
Radial symmetry( many lines that can divide the
animal into equal parts)
Body made up of two layers -tube-like body
(cavity) Medusa- (bowl shaped). Free-floating,
umbrella-shaped body (Lack skeleton)
Polyp-(like a vase with a mouth opening at the
top)
Sessile
Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging
cells (cnidocytes/nematocysts)
Carnivores use stinging cells to capture prey &
defend selves
12. Phylum - Platyhelmithes
Flatworms
Characteristics:
Dorsoventrally flat, Ribbon-like bodies, Bilateral symmetry
(1 line that can divide the animal into 2 identical parts)
Triploblastic - body made up of 3 layers of cells
No true internal body cavity/coelom
well developed nervous system, primitive brain,
respiratory and circulatory systems are under
developed.
No skeleton
Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (both sexual organs)
Free living or parasitic
16. Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms
Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms
Characteristics:
Flattened Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
Bilateral symmetry
Live just about everywhere and Many are parasites
Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem
Digestive tube - gut with a subterminal anus.
No skeleton
Has a nervous system with pharyngeal nerve ring.
Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization)
Free movement
Skin breathing
18. Trichinosis
Trichinella spiralis is found
in pork
Trichinosis is a disease
caused by the Trichinella
worm.
Eggs hatch in the host’s gut
Symptoms:
Diarrhea
Fever
Muscle pain
Death
20. Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms
Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus. Crop and gizzard digestion
Bilateral symmetry Body cavity is a true coelom, often divided by internal septa.
Internal fertilization (sexual)
well developed nervous system, true closed circulatory system.
No true respiratory organ
Feed a wide range of material.
Live in most environments.
Hydrostatic endoskeleton
Muscular movement
Skin breathing
Leeches
Used to be used in medicine to clean blood
Earthworms
Benefits:
Aerate the soil
Provide nutrients to the soil
23. Phylum - Echinodermata
• Endoskeleton of ossicles
• Water-vascular system for movement
• Spicules- spike-like projection
• External fertilization (sexual)
• Possess 5-rayed symmetry, mostly radial, sometimes bilateral.
• Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
• Body cavity a true coelom.
• Most possesses a through gut with an anus.
• Body shape highly variable, but with no head.
• Nervous system includes a circum-oesophageal ring.
• Has a poorly defined open circulatory system.
• Possesses a water vascular system, which hydraulically operates the tube feet - suction cups or
feeding tentacles.
• Without excretory organs.
• Normally possesses a subepidermal system of calcareous plates
• Feeds on fine particles in the water, detritus or other animals.
• All live marine environments.
26. Phylum - Mollusca
Soft-bodied animals
Bilateral symmetry
Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs
Mantle- Outer layer of the body
Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus.
Body monomeric and highly variable in form, may possess a dorsal or lateral
shells of protein and calcareous spicules.
nervous system with a circum-oesophagal ring, ganglia and paired nerve chords.
Has an open circulatory system with a heart and an aorta.
Has gaseous exchange organs called ctenidial gills. Has a pair of kidneys.
Radula- Tongue-like organ
Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion
Many have a shell to protect the soft body
Univalve- One-part shell
Bivalve- Two-part shell
Sexual (external and internal fertilization)
31. Phylum Arthropoda
Animals with:
Exoskeleton
Bilateral symmetry
Jointed legs- Bendable
Compound eyes- Many lenses
Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow
Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk
Segmented bodies
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax
External and internal fertilization
32. Phylum Arthropoda
Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs
Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs
Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs
Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per
segment
Class Diploda- Two pair of legs per segment
36. Class Insecta
Grasshopper
Societal insects(Hierarchy):
Ants, bees, wasps,
hornets, and termites
Division of labor
Castes- Roles played by
individuals
37. Metamorphosis
Complete metamorphosis- Adult lays eggs, eggs hatch
into a larvae, larvae develops into a pupa and surrounds
itself with a chrysalis/cocoon and emerges as an adult
Incomplete metamorphosis- Eggs hatch into a nymph and
grow into an adult.