2. DEFINITION:
The definition of infection is the process
of bacteria or viruses invading the
body or making someone ill or
diseased.
When you catch a cold, this is
an example of an infection.
3. INFECTION CONTROL
Infection control is the discipline
concerned with preventing nosocomial
or healthcare-associated infection.
It is an essential (though often under-
recognized and under-supported) part of the
infrastructure of health care.
4. Infection control addresses factors
related to the spread of infections within
the health-care setting, including
prevention, monitoring/investigation of
demonstrated or suspected spread of
infection within a particular health-care
setting, and management.
5. OBJECTIVES OF INFCTION CONTROL:-
To protect the patient and members of the
hospital team from contracting infections
during hospital procedures
To reduce the numbers of pathogenic micro-
organisms in the dental operatory to the lowest
possible level.
To implement a high standard of infection
control when treating every patient (universal
precautions)
6. STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE INFECTION
CONTROL:-
All patients must be screened.
Barriers for personal protection.
Careful aseptic techniques.
Sterilization & disinfection.
Disposal of contaminated waste safely.
7. IMPORTANCE OF INFECTION CONTROL
Prevents post procedure infections
Results in high-quality, safe services
Prevents infections in service providers
and other staff
Protects the community from infections that
originate from health care facilities
Prevents the spread of antibiotic-
resistant microorganisms
Lowers the costs of health care services,
since prevention is cheaper than
treatment.
8. HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL
PROGRAMME
The aim of the Hospital Infection
Control Program is dissemination of
information, surveillance activities,
investigation, prevention and control
of nosocomial infections in the
hospitals.
9. Nosocomial infections affects approximately
2 million patients annually in acute care
facilities in our country and their annual
patient care costs several millions of rupees.
Studies shows that nearly one-third of
nosocomial infections can be prevented by a
well organised infection control programme.
But only less than 10% are actually
prevented.
10. To be effective the infections control
programme should include the following.
1. Organised surveillance and control
activities
2. One infection control practitioner
for every major Health Facility.
3. A Trained Hospital Epidemiologist
11. THE IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF THE
INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM ARE:
Basic measures for infection control, i.e.
standard and additional precautions.
Education and training of health care workers;
Protection of health care workers, e.g.
immunization.
Identification of hazards and minimizing risks.
Routine practices essential to infection control
such as aseptic techniques .
Use of single use devices, reprocessing of
instruments and equipment.
12. Antibiotic usage, management of
blood/body fluid exposure.
Handling and use of blood and blood
products.
Surveillance
incident monitoring;
outbreak investigation;
infection control in specific situations; and
Research
sound management of medical waste;
13. ORGANIZATION OF AN INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
As with all other functions of a health care
facility, ultimate responsibility for prevention &
control of infection rests with the health
administrator.
The hospital administrator/head of hospital
should establish an infection control committee
which will in turn appoint an infection control
team;
Provide adequate resources for effective
functioning of the infection control program.
14. In the majority of countries Infection
control program (ICP), typically operates
on two levels: an executive body – the
infection control team (ICT) – and an
advisory body to the hospital management –
the infection control committee (ICC) –
which adopts the ‘legislative’ role of policy
making.
1. INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE
2. INFECTION CONTROLTEAM
3. INFECTION CONTROLMANUAL
15. INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE:-
It is a multidisciplinary committee
responsible for monitoring program
policies implementation and recommend
corrective actions.
It includes representatives from different
concerned hospital departments &
management. They meet bimonthly.
It establishes standards for patient care, it
reviews & assesses IC reports and identifies
areas of intervention.
16. The hospital ICC is charged with the
responsibility for the planning, evaluation of
evidenced-based practice & implementation,
prioritization and resource allocation of all
matters relating to infection control.
The ICC must have a reporting relationship
directly to either administration or the
medical staff to promote ICP visibility and
effectiveness. The ICC should meet
regularly (monthly) according to local need
17. TEAM MEMBERS TO BE AUTHORISED:-
Team should have authority to manage
an effective control program.
Team should have a direct reporting
with senior administration.
Infection control team members or are
responsible for day-to-day functions of IC
and preparing the yearly work plan.
They should be expert & creative in their
job.
18. THE ICC HAS THE FOLLOWING TASKS:-
To review and approve the annual plan for
infection control
To review and approve the infection control
policies.
To support the IC team and direct
resources toaddress problems as identified
To ensure availability of appropriate supplies
To review epidemiological surveillance data
and identify area for intervention.
19. To assess and promote improved
practice at all levels of the health care
facility
To ensure appropriate training in
infection control and safety.
To review risks associated with new
technology and new devices prior to
their approval for use.
To review and provide input into
an outbreak investigation
20. THE ROLE OF ICN:-
Identify, investigate and monitor infections,
hazardous practice and procedures
Participate in the preparation of documents
relating toservice specifications and quality
standards.
Participate in training and educational
programs and inmembership of relevant
committees where infection control input is
needed
21. Educate individuals and groups about the
risk, prevention, transmission, and control of
infection, disease-specific care, appropriate
precautions, & appropriate assessments
Investigate, manage and conduct surveillance
of suspected and confirmed outbreaks of
infection
Training and education under the supervision
of ICO
Increase awareness among patients & visitors
about infection control
Maintain infection control standard & policies.
22. INFECTION CONTROL MANUAL:-
Every Hospital should have a nosocomial
infection prevention manual or a Hospital
associated infection prevention manual
containing recommended instructions and
practices for patient care.
The manual should be developed and updated
by the infection control team and reviewed
and approved by the committee.
It must be made readily available for
health care workers, and updated in a
timely fashion.
24. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS:
These measures must be applied during every
patient care, during exposure to any potentially
infected material or body fluids as blood and
others.
Components:
A. Hand washing.
B. Barrier precautions.
C. Sharp disposal.
D. Handling of contaminated material.
25.
26. HAND WASHING:-
Hand washing is the single most effective
precaution for prevention of infection
transmission between patients and staff.
Hand washing with plain soap is mechanical
removal of soil and transient bacteria (for 10-
15 sec.)
Hand antisepsis is removal & destroys of
transient flora using anti-microbial soap or
alcohol based hand rub (for 60 sec.)
27.
28.
29. BARRIER PRECAUTIONS
A general term referring to any method or device
used to reducec ontact with potentially infectios
body fluids, including.
facial masks, double gloving & fluid-resistant gowns
gloves;
protective eye wear (goggles);
mask;
apron;
gown;
boots/shoe covers; and
Cap/hair cover.
30. SHARPE DISPOSAL
Sharps are objects or devices that have been used in patient
care, medical, research, or industrial laboratories. Sharps can
be glass, metal, or plastic with rigid corners, sharp edges, or
protruding pieces that can slice, scrape or pierce the skin.
Sharps may include (but aren’t limited to):
Acupuncture needles
Broken glass or capillary tubes
Blood vials
Scalpel blades
Syringes with and without needles
Suture needles
Trauma scene waste that can cut,slice or pierce
Culture dishes and slides
Tubing with needles
Needles and tubing
