Obesity is a chronic heath problem ,the no.of people having obese rising rapidly world wide and making obesity 1 of the fastest developing peoples health problem

1. OBESITY
PRESENTED BY :
P.VIGNESWARI
II/VI PHARM-D
NIRMALA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2. DEFINTION:
Obesity is defined as an excess of adipose tissue that
imparts health risk
OR
It is a medical condition in which excess body fat has
accumulated to an extent that may have negative effect on health.
 The most widely used method to gauge obesity is body mass
index(BMI)which is equal to weight in kg/height in m².
 Dietary imbalance and over nutrition may lead to obesity.

3. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON BMI:
 Body mass index or BMI is a simple and widely used
method for estimating body fat mass.
 BMI is calculated by dividing the subject's mass by the square
of his or her height, typically expressed either in metric or US
"Customary" units:
 Metric: BMI =Kilogram/m²
 Us/customary and imperial: BMI =pounds703/inches²
 The normal BMI range is 18.5 to 25 kg/m².

5.  In 2013, 42 million children under age 5 are over
weight
 In 2014, 1.9 billion adults (39%) are over weight
 And 600 million (13%) are obese
 In 2015, 100 million children were obese in 195
countries

7. ETIOLOGY:
Obesity results when caloric intake exceed utilization.
The imbalance of these components can occur in the following
situations:
1. Inadequate pushing of oneself away from the dining table causing
overeating.
2. In sufficient pushing of oneself out of the chair leading to
inactivity and sedentary life style.
3. Genetic predisposition to develop obesity.
4. Diets largely derived from carbohydrates and fats than protein
rich diet.
5. Secondary obesity may result following a number of underlying
diseases such as hypothyroidism, Cushing's disease, insulinoma
and hypothalamic disorders.

9.  EXCESSIVE LIPID DEPOSITION :

10.  DIMINISHED LIPID MOBILIZATION :
Beside the function of the fat
storage,adipocytes also release endocrine regulating
molecules :
1. Energy regulating hormone – LEPTIN
2. Cytokines- [TNS-alpha & IL-6]
3. Insulin regulating agents
4. BP regulating agents
5. Prothrombin factors

12.  Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of
lipids in cells, involving the breakdown or storage of
fats for energy
 So if there is diminished lipid utilization , there is no
breakdown of fats occurs leads to the accumulation of
the fat in the body eventually leads to obesity

13. DIAGNOSIS
Body mass index (BMI) is often used to assess if you are overweight
or not.
How to measure your BMI:
To measure your BMI you will need to
know your height and waist measurement in centimetres and weight
in kilograms. It is easiest to use a BMI calculator to measure your
BMI.
For most adults:
1. Between 25 and 29, you would be considered overweight
2. Between 30 and 39, you would be considered obese
3. 40 or more, you would be considered very obese .

14. Further tests:
As well as calculating your BMI, doctor may also
perform tests to determine if you are at increased risk of health
complications because of your obesity.
These could include:
• Measuring your blood pressure
• Measuring the glucose (sugar)
• And lipid (fat) levels in your blood
• Thyroid function test.

15. SEQUELAE OF OBESITY
1. Hyperinsulinaemia
2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
3. Hypertension
4. Hyperlipoproteinaemia
5. Atherosclerosis
6. Nonalcholic fatty liver
disease
7. Cholelithiasis
8. Hypoventilation syndrome
(Pickwickian syndrome)
9. Osteoarthritis
10. Cancer

16. Nutrition and Diet:
The total energy intake must be reduced in
order for weight loss to occur. Moreover, once weight loss has
occurred, the lower energy intake must be sustained to prevent
weight regain.
 Low calorie intake
 Low in saturated fats
 Increased fibres in diet
 Low density food
 1000 K cal deficit produces 1 kg wt loss per week
TREATMENT

18. Physical Activity:
Exercise is a potent physiological
stimulus of lipolysis, which results in the release of free
fatty acids from triglycerides stored in fat for use as an
energy source by muscle. Therefore, exercise increases
energy expenditure, which results in a negative caloric
balance.
 30 min 5 times a week of moderate to vigorous
physical activity
 Specifically for weight loss purposes, long duration
of exercise upto 60 min per day is required

20. Several behavioural strategies are commonly used:
• Self-monitoring of eating habits.
• Physical activity.
• Stress management to diffuse situations that lead to overeating.
• Stimulus control to avoid situations that lead to incidental eating
• And maintain proper diet such as to avoid sugar-sweetened
beverages, refined grains, red meat like beef,pork,lamb and
processed meat.
BEHAVIOURAL MODIFICATION: