This document discusses database systems and their components. It defines key terms like data, information, database, and database management system. It explains that a database is a shared collection of logically related data designed to meet different user requirements. A database management system enables users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. The document outlines advantages of the database approach like sharing data and improved integrity. It also discusses typical database system components and functions of a DBMS like storage, retrieval, concurrency control and security services.

1. 1
Database Systems

2. Books
• Database Systems
By Thomas Connolly & Carolyn Begg
• Modern Database Management
By Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott,
& Fred R. McFadden
• Database Management Systems
By Ramakrishnan & Gehrke
2

3. Data
• Stored representation of objects
and events that have meaning and
importance in the user’s
environment
3

4. Information
• The processed form of data
• Data that have been processed in
such a way as to increase the
knowledge of the person who uses the
data (Jeffrey A. Hoffer)
4

5. 5
Types of Data

6. Database
• A database is a shared collection
of logically related data, and a
description of this data, designed
to meet the requirements of
different users of an
organization. (Connolly)
6

7. 7
The concept of a shared
organizational database
Accounting
Accounts
Payable
Accounts
Receivable
Management
Control
Planning
Manufacturing
Production
Scheduling
Marketing
Product
Development
Sales
Corporate
Database

8. 8
Database Management System
A software system that enables
users to define, create, maintain,
and control access to the database.
(Connolly)

9. 9
Example of a Database System
Registration
Examination
Library
Applications
Library
Examination
Applications
Registration
Applications
University
Students
Database
Database Management System

10. 10
Advantages of a
Database Approach
➢Sharing of Data
➢Data Independence
➢Better Data Security
➢Controlled Redundancy
➢Better Data Integrity
➢Improved Data Standards
➢More Information from the same amount
of data

11. 11
Advantages of a
Database Approach
➢Faster development of new applications
➢Increased concurrency
➢Improved maintenance through data
independence
➢Improved backup and recovery services

12. 12
Disadvantages
➢Complexity
➢Cost of DBMS

13. 13
A Typical Database System
Database
DBMS
Application Programs
interact
Database
Administrators
Database
Designers
develop
maintain
design
Software
Users
Data
End users
Application
Programmers

14. 14
Functions of a DBMS
• Data Storage, Retrieval, and Update
• Concurrency Control Services
• Recovery Services
• Security and Integrity Services
• Support for Data Communication
• A User-Accessible Catalog
• Utility Services (Backup, Restore,
Database tuning)

15. 15
Practical Assignment
➢In Oracle,
➢Try DDL (Create, Drop, Alter)
➢Try DML (Select, Insert, Update, Delete)
➢Try DCL (Grant, Revoke)