2. Types of Presentations
Extemporaneous
Extempore is a Latin word meaning “at the moment”.
You’re informed at the moment that you have to present a specific topic, but
you’re allowed to use helping material to present
Allows more eye contact
More verbal and nonverbal communication and involvement with the
audience
Reading
When you do not want to make any mistakes
In case you’re being filmed, etc.
Teleprompter
3. Types of Presentation Cont’d
Memorization
Risk of forgetting your precise words
Groping for words in front of the audience can adversely affect your
credibility
Impromptu
Impromptu is a French word meaning “sudden”. You’re suddenly told to
present. It is different from extempore in a way that you are not allowed any
helping material for this type of presentation.
Called upon at the last moment to offer comments
Without preparation or forewarning
You may turn it into an interactive session to make such presentation
effective.
4. Purposes of Presentation
To inform
Presentation given to inform the audience. Most
business speeches lie in this category; e.g. lectures,
seminars, awareness campaigns, etc.
To instruct
Any presentation for instruction purposes or teaching
someone to perform a certain action; e.g. workshops,
lab classes, practical, trainings, etc.
To entertain
Presentation given for entertainment purposes; e.g.
stand-up comedy
5. Purposes of presentation cont’d
To inspire/ motivate
Different motivational speeches lie under this
category. People try to motivate and inspire using
their real life examples, but this is not necessarily the
case; e.g. Muneeba Mazari, Qasim Ali Shah, etc.
To activate / Stimulate
Speech designed to activate and present idea in such
a way that audience will believe you so strongly that
they’ll carry out your suggestion. Taking audience to
the action stage; e.g. Molana Tariq Jamil
To persuade
Make audience willingly accept your proposal through
logic, evidence and emotions, offers solutions to
problems by presenting sufficient logic, evidence to
sway audience.; e.g. Sales representatives, etc.
6. Strategies for Oral
Presentations
Preparing effective presentations
Kinds of oral presentations
Ways of delivering the oral message
Strategies for using an effective oral delivery
Strategies for effective nonverbal delivery
7. Preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
1. Determine the purpose
2. Analyze the audience and occasion
3. Select the main idea for the message
4. Research the topic
5. Organize the data & write the draft
6. Create visual aids
7. Rehearse the talk
8. Determine the purpose
To inform or instruct
To persuade
Willingness to accept your idea
Listeners will accept your proposal, claim, or thesis, etc.
To entertain
In social occasions
Promotion parties
Retirement
Anniversaries
9. Preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
Analyze the audience & occasion
Select the main idea
Research the topic
Organize the data & draft
Visual Aids
Rehearse
Good speech has three part
1. Introduction
2. Body (Text, discussion)
3. Conclusion or Summary
10. Parts of Speech
Introduction
Get attention
Includes aim or purpose
Lay out the direction of speech / roadmap
PAL
Porch: Opening remarks, preamble, preface, your greeting. Begin
with quote, story, reference to occasion or past, etc.
Aim: Purpose, why you’re giving the talk
Layout: Your agenda
11. Parts of Speech
Body
Heart of your talk
Supports the main purpose
Explain the idea
Summary or Conclusion
Reviews what has been said
Gives a brief overview
Draw inferences or conclusion based on what has been said and
discussed
12. Preparing Effective Oral
Presentation
Rehearse the talk
Always imagine audience in front of you
Avoid long sentences and unusual words
Explain one main point at a time with supporting
material
Include visual aids
Anticipate questions from the audience
Stop at allotted time and revise and improvise the
speech accordingly
13. Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery
One of your personal signatures is your voice
Pitch: Highness or lowness of your voice
o Monotone - Lack of pitch variation may result in being called a
monotone
o Example:
Mary, don’t do that
Mary, don’t do that
Mary, don’t do that
Mary, don’t do that
14. Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery cont’d
Rate: How many words do you use per minute as
your speak?
o Variation in rate is better than speaking at the same
rate
o Keyword related to rate is “pause”
Volume: Loudness or softness of your voice
o Contrast in emphasis – using louder or softer volume
on certain words, ideas parts of your talk or syllables
o Controlled breathing
15. Strategies for Effective Oral
Delivery cont’d
Vocal quality: husky, throaty, deep, loud, shrill, squeaky,
weak, strong, muffled, masculine, clear, etc.
Pronunciation: Jargon – pronunciation of an abbreviation
used within organization; e.g. LIFO, FIFO
o Varied regional accents
o Added or omitted sounds
Adding: hunerd – hundred
Omitting: gonna - going to
o Listen to educated, cultured people
16. Strategies for an Effective
Nonverbal Delivery
1. Posture
How you stand, sit communicates something about you
as a communicator
Stand straight, balance your weight on both feet, gives
impression of complete control and confidence
2. Movement
Move to hold attention
Move to get rid of nervousness
Move to suggest transition
Move to increase emphasis
17. Strategies for an Effective
Nonverbal Delivery cont’d
3. Gestures (emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators,
adapters)
To emphasize
To point
To reject
To describe
o Vary gestures Watch timing
o Avoid continues gestures
18. Strategies for an Effective
Nonverbal Delivery cont’d
4. Facial expressions
You must not only feel but show interest in your
ideas
5. Appearance
Your attire
19. Strategies for Reducing Stage
Fright
Signs of Discomfort
What you feel internally is not obvious to the listeners
Strategies for Decreasing Speaking Fears.
Regardless of culture, stage fright is universal. The
suggestions helps decrease the intensity of
that fear.
20. Strategies for Reducing Stage
Fright cont’d
Know your subject well
Rehearse your talk several times
Request for a lectern
Pre-check any equipment you will need
Take an object – a pen, pencil, notes, etc.
Breathe deeply & slowly before speaking
Move during the speech
Approach the stage, lectern with assurance and
22. Purposes for Listening
To gain new information and ideas
To question and test evidence and assumptions
Good listener tests the facts & opinions against
assumption and then ask questions
To be inspired
To improve your own communication
Listen carefully, observe, choose best techniques and
23. Results of Good Listening
1. Leads to helpful, Positive attitudes- by understanding
the hindrances that lie in the way of good listening
2. Permits the speaker and listeners to improve
communication because each side is more aware of
and receptive to the other's viewpoint
3. Indicates by feedback to the speaker that listeners
are interested in turn, the speaker tries harder to
give his or her best presentation
24. Results of Good Listening
cont’d
4. Helps listeners obtain useful information on
which they can make accurate decisions
5. Creates better understanding of others and
thus helps listeners work with others
6. Helps the speaker (especially in an
interview) in talking out a problem a person
need to receive, as well as give help
