element of mechanical engineering presentation about internal combustion engine..

1. 000-209 Intro to CS. 5/Mother 1

2. Element of
Mechanical
Engineering
2

3. Internal combustion engine
I.C Engines
3

4. Introduction
• An internal combustion engine is a heat
engine which converts the heat energy
released by combustion of fuel taking place
inside the engine into mechanical work.
Heat
energy
Mechanical
work
4

5. Classification
• According to type of fuel used.
– Petrol engine.
– Diesel engine.
– Gas engine.
– Bi-fuel engine.
• According to number of strokes per cycle.
– 4 – stroke engines.
– 2 – stroke engines.
5

6. Classification
• According to method of ignition.
– Spark ignition.
– Compression ignition.
• According to the cycle of combustion.
– Otto cycle.
– Diesel cycle.
– Duel combustion.
• According to the number of cylinders.
– Single cylinder.
– Multi cylinder.
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7. Classification
• According to the arrangement of cylinders
– Vertical engine.
– Horizontal.
– Inline engine.
– Radial engine.
– V- engine.
• According to method of cooling
– Air cooled engine.
– Water cooled engine.
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8. Position of the cylinder
8

9. Parts of I.C Engine
• Cylinder
• Piston
• Piston rings
• Connecting rod
• Crank and
crankshaft
• Valves
• Flywheel
• Crankcase
9

10. 1.Cylinder
• It is the heart of the
engine in which the fuel
is burnt and the power
is developed.
• The inside diameter are
called “bore”.
• The piston reciprocates
inside the cylinder
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11. Cylinder
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12. 2.Piston
– Close fitting hollow
– cylinder moving
to and fro in the
cylinder.
– Function – power
developed by the
combustion of fuel
is transmitted by
piston to the crank-
shaft through the
connecting rod.
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13. Piston
13

14. 3. Piston rings
– Metallic rings
inserted into groves
provided at top end
of the piston.
– Function – it
maintains a gas-
tight joint between
the piston and the
cylinder.
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15. Piston Rings
15

16. 4. Connecting rod
– Link that connects
the piston and
crankshaft by
means of pin joint.
– Function – it
converts the
rectilinear motion of
the piston into rotary
motion of
crankshaft.
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17. Connecting road
17

18. 5.Crank and crankshaft
– Crank is a lever
that is connects
crankshaft and
connecting rod.
– Crankshaft is a
shaft which
transmits power
from engine to
wheels.
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19. Crank and crankshaft
19

20. 6.Valves
– These are devices
which control the
flow of intake and
exhaust gases.
20

21. Valves
21

22. 7.Fly wheel
– Mounted on
crankshaft to
maintain uniform
rotation of
crankshaft.
– Restores the
energy to the
piston.
22

23. Fly-wheel
23

24. Four stroke petrol engine
• Four stroke petrol
engine consists of
–Cylinder
–Cover
–Mechanically
operated valves
–Spark plug
–Connecting rod
and crank
24

25. Construction and working of
Four stroke PETROL engine
1.Suction stroke
2.Compression stroke
3.Power stroke
4.Exhaust stroke
25

26. 1.Suction stroke
• Inlet is open exhaust is
closed.
• Piston moves from TDC
to BDC.
• Crankshaft revolves half
the rotation.
• Cranking
• Petrol air mixture
drawn into cylinder due
to pressure difference.
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27. 2.Compression stroke
• Both inlet and exhaust
are closed.
• Piston moves from BDC to
TDC.
• Crankshaft revolves half
the rotation.
• Cranking
• Petrol air mixture is
compressed to a ratio of
1:11.
• This mixture is ignited by
spark plug.
27

28. 3.Power stroke
• Piston moves from TDC
to BDC.
• Crankshaft revolves half
the rotation.
• burnt gases generate
energy and force the
piston to move down.
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29. 4.Exhaust stroke
• exhaust is open and
inlet is closed.
• Piston moves from BDC
to TDC.
• crankshaft revolves half
the rotation.
• energy for this stroke is
supplied by flywheel.
• Burnt gases are
expelled out through
outlet port.
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30. Four stroke petrol engine
30

31. Construction and working of
Four stroke DIESEL engine
1.Suction stroke
2.Compression stroke
3.Power or expansion stroke
4.Exhaust stroke
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32. 1.Suction stroke
32
• Inlet is open exhaust is
closed.
• Piston moves from TDC to
BDC and crankshaft revolves
half the revolution.
• Cranking during first cycle.
• Due to the pressure
difference air enters the
cylinder through air filter.

33. 2.Compression stroke
• Inlet and exhaust are
closed.
• Piston moves from BDC to
TDC.
• Cranking required in first
cycle.
• Air will be compressed to
a ratio of 1:20.
• Diesel oil is sprayed into
cylinder by injector and
auto-ignition takes place.
33

34. 3.Power stroke
• Piston moves from TDC to
BDC.
• Inlet and exhaust valves are
closed.
• burnt gases generate
energy and force the piston
to move down till injection
of fuel is complete.
34

35. 3.Exhaust stroke
• exhaust is open and inlet
is closed.
• Piston moves from BDC to
TDC.
• crankshaft revolves half
the rotation.
• energy for this stroke is
supplied by flywheel.
• Burnt gases are expelled
out through outlet port.
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36. Four stroke diesel engine
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37. Prepared by:- Manthan R. Kanani
Enrollment Number:-140050119028
Roll no:- 14 ME 028