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The Need for a Statewide Lake Water-
     Level Monitoring Network




     Paul F. Juckem, Dale M. Robertson,
             and William J. Rose

                                Lakes Partnership Team
                                Meetings.
                                Feb. 3-4, 2010
                                Westin, WI
Clear Lake, Rock County, November 26, 2008
Historical Water Levels



Shell Lake               Anvil Lake




             Fish Lake
Historical Water Levels
    Anvil Lake

                                          Are the fluctuations
                                          natural or
                                          anthropogenic?

    Shell Lake



             3 billion gallon diversion


    Fish Lake
Historical Water Levels
    Anvil Lake

                                          Are the fluctuations
                                          natural or
                                          anthropogenic?

    Shell Lake                            How has lake water
                                          quality responded
                                          to fluctuations?

             3 billion gallon diversion   What are the best
                                          management options
    Fish Lake                             (diversion, alum,
                                          septic pumping)?
Statewide Lake Water-Level
          Monitoring Network:
Objectives:
• Establish a long-term lake-level monitoring network to
  evaluate trends/cycles in various regions of the state.
  Emphasis will be on relatively natural seepage lakes,
  which are most responsive and can give indications of
  regional changes in climate and hydrology.
• Establish baseline conditions for environmental studies
  and comparison with short-term results.
• Provide information to increase the understanding of
  different lake hydrologic systems and how they respond
  to climatic drivers.
• Provide a framework and protocols for facilitating lake
  water level monitoring by citizen volunteers through the
  Citizen Lake Monitoring Network (CLMN) program.
Requirements of a proper
           monitoring station:
Coordination and Consistency:
• Water levels must be read in a consistent manor
  throughout the year.
• Levels must be run from the gauge to an immovable
  datum, so levels remain consistent from year to year.
• Reference points must be established in case the datum
  is destroyed.
• A history must be maintained of how a new datum
  relates to a prior datum.
Challenges to Water Level
            Monitoring:
• Anticipating annual trends….
Challenges to Water Level
            Monitoring:
• Keeping track of a datum….
Challenges to Water Level
            Monitoring:
• Keeping track of a datum….
Challenges to Water Level
            Monitoring:
• Keeping track of a datum….
Water Level (1 – foot interval)
                                  Which Water Level is Correct?
Anvil Lake Datum History:
Water Level (1 – foot interval)
                                  Which Water Level is Correct?
Statewide Lake Water-Level
         Monitoring Network:
Next steps:
• Choose a core set of lakes:
  – Historical data
  – Natural hydrologic drivers
  – Representative distribution across the state
Lakes with early water level
                                    Long
                                                  records in the USGS database
                   Amnicon

                                                 Big
                              McKenzie
                Yellow                                       Anvil

                               Shell       Connors
                                                                      Morgan
                Bone

                             Pine          Rib                               Wheeler
                                                              Boot




                                                           Emily

                                                   Bear        Pickerel
                                                                             Winnebago
                                                              Long
Lake Type                                         Fish
                                                             Irogami               Cedar
   Seepage Lake
   Drainage Lake                                  Silver      Little        De Neveu
                                                              Green
   Altered (diversion, augmentation)          Devils
                                               Fish                Pine        Beaver
                                              Mendota &            Ripley
                                              Monona                         Koshkonong
                                                              North             Eagle
                                                             Turtle         Browns
Lakes with early water level
                                records in the USGS database
                         Long



                                  Anvil


                                                     Morgan

                  Pine                                   Wheeler
                                             Boot




                                          Emily

                                 Bear         Pickerel
                                             Long
Lake Type                       Fish
                                            Irogami            Cedar
   Seepage Lake
                                Silver       Little      De Neveu
                                             Green


                                                  Pine     Beaver


                                             North
Statewide Lake Water-Level
           Monitoring Network:
•   Next steps:
•   Choose a core set of lakes.
•   Identify local observers.
•   Establish datums / verify historical datums.
•   Install and survey water level gauges.
•   Develop a protocol for data collection, reporting
    and data archiving
Phase Two:
• Link these index lakes to Citizen Lake
  Monitoring lakes
Water Level Plot
Questions?
Detailed Lake Studies Conducted
                     Round E. Eightmile
                                                   by the U.S Geological Survey
                  Whitefish     Lac Courte Mercer     Little Rock
                                Oreilles   Dead Pike          Muskellunge
                                      Lac du Flambeau        LTER
                    Shell                      Minocqua    Little St.Germain
                   Kirby
            Balsam     Silver   Red            Clara
  Lake St. Croix                Cedar
                    Cedar




Primary Areas of Study
                                                            Green
  Nutrient Budgets / Eutrophication
                                                                               Cedar
  Water Level / Eutrophication
  Aeration / Eutrophication                    Devils          Pike
  Pesticides / Trace Metals                     Fish
  Hydrology                                     Crystal               Fowler
  Groundwater                                         Graber Whitewater,Rice
                                                                                       Wind
                                                          Delavan           Powers     Lauderdale
                                                             Geneva
                                                                               McCook
Tracking a Datum History:
                 The first lake stage
Datum height = 100ft



                             Staff reading = 0.10ft




      Offset = -5.00ft




Official lake stage = 95.10 ft
Tracking a Datum History:
       The WL & Staff Gauge Move
Datum height = 100ft



                           Staff reading = 0.24ft




      Offset = -6.00ft




Official lake stage = 94.24ft
Tracking a Datum History:
  The Original Datum is Lost

  How to tie the new and historical stages?
                     Need to measure the offset between
                     the old datum and new datum before
                     the original datum is lost.

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Wl Network Wdnr Lakes Team Feb4 2010

  • 1. The Need for a Statewide Lake Water- Level Monitoring Network Paul F. Juckem, Dale M. Robertson, and William J. Rose Lakes Partnership Team Meetings. Feb. 3-4, 2010 Westin, WI
  • 2.
  • 3. Clear Lake, Rock County, November 26, 2008
  • 4. Historical Water Levels Shell Lake Anvil Lake Fish Lake
  • 5. Historical Water Levels Anvil Lake Are the fluctuations natural or anthropogenic? Shell Lake 3 billion gallon diversion Fish Lake
  • 6. Historical Water Levels Anvil Lake Are the fluctuations natural or anthropogenic? Shell Lake How has lake water quality responded to fluctuations? 3 billion gallon diversion What are the best management options Fish Lake (diversion, alum, septic pumping)?
  • 7. Statewide Lake Water-Level Monitoring Network: Objectives: • Establish a long-term lake-level monitoring network to evaluate trends/cycles in various regions of the state. Emphasis will be on relatively natural seepage lakes, which are most responsive and can give indications of regional changes in climate and hydrology. • Establish baseline conditions for environmental studies and comparison with short-term results. • Provide information to increase the understanding of different lake hydrologic systems and how they respond to climatic drivers. • Provide a framework and protocols for facilitating lake water level monitoring by citizen volunteers through the Citizen Lake Monitoring Network (CLMN) program.
  • 8. Requirements of a proper monitoring station: Coordination and Consistency: • Water levels must be read in a consistent manor throughout the year. • Levels must be run from the gauge to an immovable datum, so levels remain consistent from year to year. • Reference points must be established in case the datum is destroyed. • A history must be maintained of how a new datum relates to a prior datum.
  • 9. Challenges to Water Level Monitoring: • Anticipating annual trends….
  • 10. Challenges to Water Level Monitoring: • Keeping track of a datum….
  • 11. Challenges to Water Level Monitoring: • Keeping track of a datum….
  • 12. Challenges to Water Level Monitoring: • Keeping track of a datum….
  • 13. Water Level (1 – foot interval) Which Water Level is Correct?
  • 14. Anvil Lake Datum History:
  • 15. Water Level (1 – foot interval) Which Water Level is Correct?
  • 16. Statewide Lake Water-Level Monitoring Network: Next steps: • Choose a core set of lakes: – Historical data – Natural hydrologic drivers – Representative distribution across the state
  • 17. Lakes with early water level Long records in the USGS database Amnicon Big McKenzie Yellow Anvil Shell Connors Morgan Bone Pine Rib Wheeler Boot Emily Bear Pickerel Winnebago Long Lake Type Fish Irogami Cedar Seepage Lake Drainage Lake Silver Little De Neveu Green Altered (diversion, augmentation) Devils Fish Pine Beaver Mendota & Ripley Monona Koshkonong North Eagle Turtle Browns
  • 18. Lakes with early water level records in the USGS database Long Anvil Morgan Pine Wheeler Boot Emily Bear Pickerel Long Lake Type Fish Irogami Cedar Seepage Lake Silver Little De Neveu Green Pine Beaver North
  • 19. Statewide Lake Water-Level Monitoring Network: • Next steps: • Choose a core set of lakes. • Identify local observers. • Establish datums / verify historical datums. • Install and survey water level gauges. • Develop a protocol for data collection, reporting and data archiving Phase Two: • Link these index lakes to Citizen Lake Monitoring lakes
  • 21.
  • 23. Detailed Lake Studies Conducted Round E. Eightmile by the U.S Geological Survey Whitefish Lac Courte Mercer Little Rock Oreilles Dead Pike Muskellunge Lac du Flambeau LTER Shell Minocqua Little St.Germain Kirby Balsam Silver Red Clara Lake St. Croix Cedar Cedar Primary Areas of Study Green Nutrient Budgets / Eutrophication Cedar Water Level / Eutrophication Aeration / Eutrophication Devils Pike Pesticides / Trace Metals Fish Hydrology Crystal Fowler Groundwater Graber Whitewater,Rice Wind Delavan Powers Lauderdale Geneva McCook
  • 24. Tracking a Datum History: The first lake stage Datum height = 100ft Staff reading = 0.10ft Offset = -5.00ft Official lake stage = 95.10 ft
  • 25. Tracking a Datum History: The WL & Staff Gauge Move Datum height = 100ft Staff reading = 0.24ft Offset = -6.00ft Official lake stage = 94.24ft
  • 26. Tracking a Datum History: The Original Datum is Lost How to tie the new and historical stages? Need to measure the offset between the old datum and new datum before the original datum is lost.