This two-day workshop supported the Government of Viet Nam in building the necessary capacity to advance its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. The workshop closely focused on building National Adaptation Plans in the agricultural sector through multi-stakeholder collaboration, and increased knowledge and capacity on a number of topics including: prioritization of adaptation options, cost-benefit analysis, overview of the broad-based nature of climate change adaption impacts, analysis of challenges, and creation of an open discussion with key stakeholders on defining a road-map for the NAP process. The workshop was delivered using discussions and case studies to enhance interactive learning for participants, with supporting presentations by GiZ and SNV.

1. Vulnerability and
Adapting toClimate
Change
Introduction workshop on National Adaptation Plan Process
Ha Noi, 1-2 December, 2016

2. Climate
change
decision
making is not
always easy

3. Three key terms
 Hazard: Is it raining? (Or too dry, or windy etc)
 The potential occurrence of a natural or human-induced physical
event that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts,
as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure,
livelihoods, service provision, and environmental resources.
(IPCC, 2012 page 32).
 Exposure: Am I getting wet?
 The presence (location) of people, livelihoods, environmental
services and resources, infrastructure, or economic, social, or
cultural assets in places that could be adversely affected by
physical events and which, thereby, are subject to potential
future harm, loss, or damage (IPCC, 2012 page 32).
 Vulnerability: Am I able to stop myself getting wet?
 Propensity of exposed elements such as human beings, their
livelihoods, and assets to suffer adverse effects when impacted
by hazard events. (IPCC, 2012 page 69)

4. Examples of factors that increase vulnerability and
exposure risk…
Vulnerability Exposure
Poverty (less able to afford to
cope)
Living in a mountainous or
coastal area (more exposed to
flash-floods/ landslides or sea
level rise)
Physical disability Unpaved roads
Gender (due to gender roles
women often have less coping
capacity and have increased
workloads)
Aging infrastructure not build to
withstand increased hazard risk
Age (the young and elderly are
more exposed)
Inadequate housing (bamboo or
thin metal roof)

5. Examples ofGender impacts of climate change
24/01/2017
NAP country-level training
Evidence of
higher time,
work and stress
burdens for
women than
men
Men migrating to
find work increases
stress and risk for
female partners left
behind.
Disasters and
deforestation
disrupt water supply
and undermine food
security
Climate change
increases labour
requirement in
agriculture Disasters and
climate-related
disease incidence
means women’s
caregiving demands
are higher
Climate change can
create fear and drive
resurgence of
conservative and
discriminatory social
values
Source: UNDP, 2015

6. Approaches for addressing gender equality and women’s empowerment
24/01/2017
NAP country-level training
Undertake
gender
analysis
Sex-
disaggregated
data
Harness
women as
agents of
change at all
levels
Tailor NAP
activities
Monitor,
report
evaluate on
gender in
NAP
Source: UNFCCC 2015 IUCN, 2011

7. Climate
change
intensifies all
elements risk.
So action now
is essential

8. Future climate change impacts on
the water cycle (FAO 2015)
• Add graphics

9. • Higher risk extreme rainfall events
(eg: changing hydrometric
calculations)
• Higher risk of landslides, flash
flooding and potentially stronger
typhoons
• Higher risk of drought and water
stress
• More variability and uncertainty
• Sea level rise, saline water intrusion,
ocean acidification
• Knock-on impacts across all sectors
What does this mean for Viet Nam?

10. Disasters hold back development, and climate change will make
this worse
The risk to social progress, stability and economic development

11. Vulnerability in the 2015-2016 Viet Nam drought
Source: UNDP analysis of CCNDPC damage and loss data
Poverty rate
Damage (share of GDP)
Higher losses are more likely to come with poorer provinces
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total economic loss as share of GDP Multi-dimensional poverty rate
% GDP Multidimensional
poverty rate

12. • World Bank (2010): Climate change adaptation in developing
countries will cost $75 billion–$100 billion a year over the period
2010–2050. The infrastructure sector alone represents an estimated
$15 billion–$30 billion a year over the same period.
• Viet Nam INDC (2015): The cost of adaptation is estimated to exceed
3-5% of GDP by 2030.
• Climate change makes current investments less effective and makes
achieving development targets more difficult.
Climate change impacts on the global
economy/ development

13. Early, proactive climate change adaptation is
essential
IPCC: adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their
effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities.
UNFCCC: actions taken to help communities and
ecosystems cope with changing climate condition.
UNDP: process by which strategies to moderate, cope
with and take advantage of the consequences of climatic
events are enhanced, developed, and implemented.

14. Some actions
to fast track
adaptation:
Invest in understanding and applying the best
available climate science sensibly
Build adaptation vulnerability analysis into
Government planning cycles
Develop high-quality tools to that can be easily
applied at local and national levels by non-experts
Build local capacity among climate change experts
and government officials
Measure changes in vulnerability and exposure to
invest in scaling up and replicating effective
solutions

15. Mainstreaming
adaptation into
policy, planning
and investment
decision
making:
 Climate change adaptation
needs to be considered at
each step of the annual
budget planning cycle to take
into account climate
vulnerability at each step of
the SEDP planning cycle
 Upgrade systems and codes
to take into account current
climate change science
Current cycle for infrastructure planning of rural
irrigation, rural water and local roads and inViet
Nam (UNDP-GEF SRRP Project 2015)
2. Investment
preparation
1. Master
planning
3-Construction
Design
4 –
Construction
5 – Operation &
Maintenance
6. Proposal for
rehabilitation/
upgrading
Monitoring
&
Evaluation

16. Key questions
for adaptation:
Where should be prioritized?
What kind of infrastructure or sectors
are most vulnerable and where is it?
Is upgrading this infrastructure or
sector a good investment and how
much more do I need to do?
Regional climate change
vulnerability maps
GIS mapping of infrastructure,
impacts and vulnerability within
provinces
Basic economic analysis tools, and
local level checklists to help planners
factor in climate change impacts.

17. Exampleof
integratedrisk
mapping inViet
Nam:
Infrastructure
vulnerability toclimate
change mappedin 15
provinces
Interactive-databasewill
belaunched within 2016.
Integrated vulnerability of irrigation work in the 15 NW Provinces - 2015

18. Inter-active database:
Land-use plus vulnerability of irrigation, embankment and road construction (Hoa Binh City, 1:50,000)

19. Adaptation
options exist

20. Understand
the costs of
various
adaptation
options:
Adaptation Premium Options
HIGH
Big difference between
conventional and
upgraded climate change
resilient investment costs.
 Consider employing bio-
engineering approach to
lower costs (and invest in
maintenance)
 Delay investment
 Increase finance available
LOW
Small difference between
conventional and
upgraded standard to take
into account climate
change impacts
 Invest now in resilience
measures

21. Capacity
development and
communications
 Invest in capacity development at all
levels
 Government employees need to be
aware of climate risk, but so do
communities, vulnerable groups and
the private sector
 Community based disaster risk
management programmes are now
being adjusted to take into account
climate change
 Viet Nam’s Paris implementation
plan correctly stresses technology
transfers and capacity development

22. But its also
important to
understand
the limits of
adaptation and
that long term
loss and
damage is also
a risk.
MONRE estimates suggest that the average temperature will increase by
2-3 degrees Celsius, and sea levels will rise 57-73 centimetres by 2100.
As a result, 39% of the Mekong Delta area, 10% of the Red River Delta,
2.5% of the coastal localities, 20% of HCMC and 4% of the traffic system
will be submerged under water.

23. To sum up:
 Proactive adaptation is necessary for future sustainable
development
 Quality data for hazards and future climate change, but also
exposure and vulnerability is important
 Inclusion of vulnerable groups and gender mainstreaming is
essential
 Good practice exists inViet Nam and globally, but needs
replicated and scaled-up.
 Estimating costs and benefits can help prioritise actions and
timeframes and to better understand the limits of adaptation.

24. Thank you for your
attention
Contact: www.undp.org/vn
jenty.kirsch-wood@undp.org