Presented during Tshikululu's first Serious Social Investing workshop, which took place on 25 and 26 February 2010. Graeme Wilkinson (senior CSI practitioner, Tshikululu Social Investments) discusses working in food security and agricultural livelihoods.

1. The new buzz Working in food security and agricultural livelihoods

2. Theoretical Model A The Development Chain © 2009 Rob Small AbalimiBezekhaya www.abalimi.org.za

3. The sustainable development chain for organic micro farming projects Greatest number of people move through to other things Least number of people move through Survival phase Subsistence phase Livelihood phase Commercial phase Eat – Selling and saving begin Eat sell save Reinvestment begins Eat sell save reinvest Profit earning begins Sell reinvest profit Job creation begins Social impacts highest at all stages Social impact decrease Greatest number of people benefit and the poverty alleviation movement is most effective Poverty alleviation impact dissipates

4. Theoretical Model B The Seven Pillars of Farmer Support © 2009 Lynette Parsons LiMA Development www.lima.org.za

6. Framing ‘entrepreneurship’ as a rare personality trait in a general population with thanks to Chris Black Dynamic Business Start-up Project www.dbsp.co.za Theoretical Model C

7. Theoretical Model C Truly entrepreneurial Enterprising The rest of us . . .

8. Theoretical Model C expanded Commercial Livelihood Subsistence Survivalist

9. So – what’s not working? What have your experiences been when supporting food-security / agricultural-livelihoods initiatives?

10. buzz buzzbuzz Working in food security and agricultural livelihoods

11. Definition Sustainable Development: “Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development , 1987, United Nations (A/42/427)

12. An Agricultural Revolution? “Today, ending the poverty and hunger of hundreds of millions of Africans requires a clear focus on improving the lives of small-scale farmers . . . ”

14. that practise sound agro-ecosystem management across dramatically different environments;

15. that support mixed crop-livestock farming systems;

17. THANK YOU Graeme WilkinsonTshikululu Social Investments 26 February 2010