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1. MOTIVATION

2. Lecture Outcomes
Define Motivation and related terms
Discuss the General
Theories/approaches to Motivation
Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
and its application in nursing

3. Motivation
Motivation refers to factors that activate,
maintain, and direct behavior towards a
goal
◦ Factors include needs, desires, interests

4. General Theories of
Motivation
Instincts refers to inborn behavioral
patterns
◦ Instincts are biologically determined
always expressed in the same way,
and are universal within a species
◦ E.g. sexual behavior is a response to
an instinct to reproduce

5.  Drive Reduction: a biological need
produces the drive to , satisfy that
need
 Hunger drives one to seek food.
 Drive : it is a motivational tension
that energizes behavior to fulfill a
need.

6. A drive can be primary or secondary
Primary drive : behavior fulfills an
obvious biologic need
Secondary drive :Behavior fulfills non
obvious biologic need but learned
needs

7. Homeostasis

8. Arousal approach to
motivation
Human being try to maintain a certain
level of activity and stimulation.
The level is adjusted as necessary
E.g.

9. Cognitive Approach
 Motivation is a result of people’s
thoughts and expectations
 Intrinsic motivation
 Extrinsic motivation

10. Incentives approach
Motivation is driven from a desire
to obtaining external incentives.

11. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

12. Maslow’s Hierarchy of need
model
 Puts human motivation needs in a
hierarchy
Suggests that primary needs (basic
needs) have to be met before
secondary needs
The model is presented in a
pyramid with basic needs at the
bottom

13. At the top of the pyramid is self
actualization
Self actualization is a state of self
fulfillment when an individual reaches
their own highest potential