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Foreword
Mobile communications have profoundly changed peoples' lives. Despite
this, the pursuit for higher-performance mobile communications is never-
ending. The fifth generation of mobile technologies, 5G, has been pushed
forward to adapt to the explosive growth of mobile data traffic, massive
device connections, and emerging new services and application scenarios.
Supporting eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC, 5G can fulfill diversified service
requirements for network capability differentiation, and network
convergence, ushering in a new era of Internet of Everything (IoE).
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Objectives
On completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the development of mobile communications.
Understand the driving forces of 5G development.
Understand the 5G standardization progress.
Be familiar with the 5G industry chain and ecosystem.
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
Development and Evolution of Mobile Communications
Industry Applications of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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What Is Communication?
Communication is the process of information exchange and transmission between
people or between people and nature through certain behaviors or mediums, from
one point to another point or multiple points.
In a broad sense, the exchange of any information is communication. What are the
common ways of exchanging information in our lives?
...
Communication
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Evolution of Telecommunications
The telegraph was the first communication tool in human history to transmit information
using electricity. Telephones followed soon after.
Before mobile phones, pagers served as transitional devices. Finally, mobile phones were
developed, enabling communication anytime and anywhere.
Telegraph Telephone Pager Mobile phone
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Low frequency resources are limited. A low frequency features small propagation
loss and long coverage distance.
High frequency resources however are abundant. A high frequency features large
propagation loss and short coverage distance.
Characteristics of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum Frequency
Band
Frequency Range Wave
UHF 300 ~ 3000 MHz Decimeter wave
SHF 3 ~ 30 GHz Centimeter wave
EHF 30 ~ 300 GHz mmWave
Wave range
Wavelength
(m)
Radio Microwave Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X-ray Gamma Ray
103 10-2 10-5 10-7 10-8 10-10 10-12
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Applications of Radio Communications
HF (3~30 MHz)
MF (300 kHz ~3 MHz)
Aviation and navigation Broadcasting station Wireless television Walkie-talkie
NFC
VHF (30~300 MHz)
LF (3~300 kHz)
UHF (300 MHz~3 GHz) SHF (3~30 GHz) EHF (30~300 GHz)
Next-generation Wi-Fi
2G/3G/4G GPS 5G terminals and modules
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Evolution of Mobile Communications
2000
1980 1990 2010 2020
Analog communications
AMPS, TACS
Digital communications
GSM, CDMA
~ 270 kbps
WCDMACDMA2000
TD-SCDMA
~ 14.4 Mbps
LTE Advance
~ 100 Mbps
5G
~ 10 Gbps
1 ms
1 million devices/km2
4G 5G
3G
2G
1G
Voice services SMS Image browsing HD video Massive
applications
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
Development and Evolution of Mobile Communications
Industry Applications of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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Applications: Transportation
Wired network
Display
screen
Access
authentication
Video
management
Storage
management
Network
management
Application
services
Station
Railway base station
Station/
Station yard
Railway base station
GSM-R/LTE-R
Ticketing
News
Information
gathering
Video
conference
Vehicle-
mounted
camera
Entertainment
Broadcasting
Vehicle-
mounted
multimedia
Music
Gaming
Internet
access
Vehicle-
mounted
device
monitoring
Operation of
communication
services
5G
AirFlash
PIS
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Applications: Power Industry
Pole-mounted
transformer
Switching station Ring main unit
DAU
DAU
Fault indicator
Module Module
Smart electricity
meter
Concentrator
DAU
eLTE-DSA
DAU
Power distribution
telemetering and control
Distributed energy
source management
Charging pile
management AMI Asset management
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Quiz
1. Which of the following frequency bands is the mainstream 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G? （ ）
A. MF（300 KHz ~ 3 MHz）
B. HF（3 ~ 30 MHz）
C. VHF （30 ~ 300 MHz）
D. UHF（300 MHz ~ 3 GHz）
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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5G Overall Vision
5G will have profound impact on various fields and on the future of society, providing a flexible and
adaptable service experience for different users and scenarios. Ultimately, it will achieve the vision of
"Information at Your Fingertips, Everything Available", and enable IoE.
Industrial
Agriculture
Healthcare
Smart home
VR
AR
Environment
Finance
Transportation
Education
Mobile
terminal
Cloud office
Cloud gaming
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ITU: IMT-2020 Vision
3x
100x
Peak throughput
User-perceived rate
Spectral
efficiency
Mobility
Air interface latency
Connection density
(devices/km2
)
Area capacity
Network energy
efficiency
IMT-
Advanced
IMT-2020
100 Mbps
500 km/h
Key Capability Requirements
10 Mbit/s/m2
1 ms
1 million
UL: 10 Gbps
DL: 20 Gbps
eMBB
10 Gbps
mMTC
1 million connections
per km2
URLLC
1 ms
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Differentiated 5G Service Requirements
5G will usher in an era of Internet of Everything (IoE) and support three scenarios: eMBB,
URLLC, and mMTC. These three scenarios include diversified and differentiated applications.
High reliability
High speed
Massive connectivity
URLLC
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Typical 5G Service Applications
• Enhanced mobile broadband
• High rate: 8-GB movie
download in 3s
• Massive machine-type
communications
• 100 billion connections by 2025
• Ultra-reliable low-latency
communication
• Faster response (1/10 to 1/50)
Live sports UAV
Autonomous driving
URLLC
3D/8K HD video
AR/VR
eMBB
IoV
Smart city
Smart manufacturing
mMTC
mMTC
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VR/AR/MR Services Require High Rates
Everything you see is virtual. Interaction with real and
virtual objects is enabled.
An information screen is superimposed
on the real-life environment.
VR: Virtual Reality AR: Augmented Reality MR: Mixed Reality
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New Services Require Low Latency
Low-latency services such as autonomous driving, remote surgery, and human-robot collaboration
require a response time of less than 10 ms. Service freeze and delay are unacceptable.
Bandwidth (High)
Remote surgery
Latency (High)
Autonomous
driving
Human-robot
collaboration
AR/VR
Remote medical
diagnosis
UAV delivery
High-speed train
Mobile
broadcast
Smart
wearables
1 ms 5 ms 10 ms 20 ms Seconds
1–10 ms
1–10 ms
300 Mbps
Secs–hr
< 1 Mbps
< 100 ms
10 Mbps
20 ms
10 Mbps
20 ms
50 Mbps
20 ms
100 Mbps
10 ms
15 Mbps
10 ms
50 Mbps
10 ms
1 Gbps
1 ms
1–10
Mbps
1 ms
50 Mbps
1 Gbps
100 Mbps
10 Mbps
1 Mbps
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The Emergence of IoT
The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables the
interconnection of everything. Massive intelligent terminals are widely used in
industries, agriculture, education and healthcare, transportation and energy,
financial information, and the environment and home.
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Latency Throughput Connections
Network
Architecture
1 ms 10 Gbps 1 million Slicing
air interface
latency
per connection connections
per km2
capability
30–50 ms 100 Mbps 10000 Flexibility
Key 5G Performance Objectives
30x–50x
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Quiz
1. Which types of 5G application scenarios are defined by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) in June 2015? ( )
A. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
B. Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Connections(URLLC)
C. Massive Machine-type Connections(mMTC)
D. Narrowband Internet of Things(NB-IoT)
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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Significance of Standards and Protocols
The mobile communication network is based on standards. First, discussions lead to the formulation of
all network processes and protocol information elements (IEs), after which equipment vendors design
products and implement functions.
Product Implementation
2
3GPP TS 38.413
NGAP
RRC 3GPP TS 38.331 Radio Resource Control Protocol Specification
NG Application Protocol
Packet Data Convergence Protocol Specification
3GPP TS 38.323
PDCP
User Equipment Radio Access Capabilities
3GPP TS 38.306
UE
Protocols and Standards
Protocol Compliance
Protocol Standard Description
1
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Mobile Communications Standards Organizations
International Telecommunication Union
ITU is a specialized agency of the United
Nations for international telecommunication
standards.
3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GPP, founded in 1998, consists of
telecommunication standardization organizations
in many countries and regions.
ITU working groups:
• 3G: IMT-2000
• 4G: IMT-Advanced
• 5G: IMT-2020
ATIS
ETSI
ARIB
TTC
CCSA
TTA
TSDSI
Standardization
organization
3GPP
ITU
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5G Starts from 3GPP Release 15
• 5G New Radio
• LTE Advanced Pro Evolution
• 5G Next Generation Core
• EPC Evolution
Rel-14
Rel-15 Rel-16
Rel-13 Rel-15 Rel-16
5G NR
Rel-12
Rel-17
Rel-17
...
...
LTE-A
LTE
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Accelerated Standardization of 5G
2019 2020
Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2
Standardization
acceleration
Original process
IMT-2020
Commercial
use
NSA
eMBB
SA
eMBB
eMBB + URLLC
Pre-commercial
use
OTSA
3GPP
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CAICT, Together with the IMT-2020 Promotion Group, Leads 5G Tests
2017 Q4 2018 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4
2017 Q3
NSA and SA networking
Standards formulation
Environment construction Indoor + Field, 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz
Test and verification
Indoor test in NSA networking
Field test in NSA networking
Field test in SA networking
Indoor test in SA networking
Terminal test
Interoperability test
Standards version 3GPP Release 15 3GPP Release 16
Summary and evaluation
Demonstration and verification of typical 5G applications
2015 2016 2018 2019 2020
2017
Phase 3
System verification
Phase 2
Verification of technical solutions
Phase 1
Verification of key technologies
R&D and tests of
5G products
R&D and tests of 5G technologies
IMT-2020
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3GPP Frozen Versions (Releases 15 and 16)
Release 15: basic version
NR technical framework
New waveform
Numerology, frame
structure
Coding, modulation, and
channel
Massive MIMO
Network architecture
UL and DL Decoupling
CU-DU Split
NSA/SA
Release 16: evolved version
Basic design of
industry applications
URLLC
NR competitiveness
improvement
eMBB enhancement in
sub-6 GHz
Integrated access and
backhaul (IAB)
Industry digitalization
URLLC enhancement
D2D
NR-V2X
Unlicensed
2016 2018 2019
2017
Release 15
Release 16
5G
commercial
use
NSA SA
LTE air interface evolution
2020
In December 2017, the first standard
for 5G NR standard that could be
used commercially was formulated.
Late drop
(eMBB + URLLC)
(eMBB)
3GPP
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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Accelerated Commercialization of 5G Worldwide
Source: Huawei MI
From Standards to
Commercial Use
From Network to Terminal
From Commercial Use to 500
Million Users Worldwide
Source: Huawei MI
5G
3G
4G
Source: GSMA
1999
Standard
freezing
3G
Oct. 2001
NTT
2 years
4G
Dec. 2008
Standard
freezing
Dec. 2009
Telia
1 year
5G
Jun. 2018
Standard
freezing
Dec. 2018
LG U+
6 months
2001
3G
Smartphone
2007
7 years
3 years
2019 2022
2001 2010
10 years
5 years
2009 2014
4G
2009
4G mobile
phone
2011
1.5 years
4G mobile phone
(entry-level
smartphone)
2014
3 years
5G
2019 2021
5G mobile phone
(entry-level
smartphone)
5G mobile
phone
2019
Synchronous launch
2 years
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5G E2E Solution
3D Coverage in Dense
Urban Areas
5G RRU
Massive
MIMO
AAU
Indoor Traffic
Hotspots
Small
Cell
5G Pole
Site
Blade Site
5G RRU
M-MIMO
AAU
5G Pole
Site
All-RAT
BBU
Small
Cell
CPE
Core
network
Bearer
Network
Continuous Coverage for
Subways
Indoor Hotspot
Coverage
Base Station Terminal
Huawei 5G E2E Product Portfolio
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Gradually Maturing 5G Industry Accelerates Global Commercial Use
Smart Phones
CPE
Others
2020 ~
X50
NSA Only
Exynos 5100
NSA Only
Balong 5000
NSA/SA
2019 H1 2019 H2
Exynos 990
SoC
NSA&SA
Dimensity 1000
MT6855 SoC
NSA&SA
NSA&SA
Kirin 990 SoC
SD875+X60
NSA&SA
Ivy 510
NSA/SA
5G Terminal Industry Ecosystem
Qualcomm
MediaTek
Samsung
Unisock
HISILICON
5G MiFi
Industrial
Modules
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5G Terminal Development
5G Spectrum Allocation
5G Networking Evolution
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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5G Mobile Terminals (1)
2019.10
Huawei
Mate 20
2020.6
Price
Huawei P40
SAMSUNG
Galaxy S10
OPPO
Reno
LG V50
2019.7 2020.1
XIAOMI
MIMX 3
Oneplus 7 ZTE AXON
SAMSUNG
Galaxy S20
Secondary brands of mainstream vendors, such as Redmi,
Realme, iQoo, and Nubia, are launching their 5G mobile
phones, with a price range of USD 200~300.
VIVO
2019.4
MOTO
Mod
iPhone 12
2020.12
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5G Mobile Terminals (2)
Region
5G Shipment
(Million)
5G Proportion
Asia Pacific 147 28%
North America 23 24%
Europe 17 13%
Latin America/Middle
East/Africa
13 5%
5G mobile phone shipment 200
20%
Total smartphone shipment 1000
In 2020, nearly 200 million 5G mobile phones have been
delivered, accounting for 20%.
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, and South Korea) is the major market.
2019 2022
800$+
Price
(USD)
500
2020 2021
300$
20%
Global Smartphone Shipment Forecast
Flagship mobile
phone
Low-end
mobile phone
~200
~150
50%
80%
Proportion of
5G mobile
phones
300
By the end of 2020, 20% mobile phones will be worth USD300 to USD500.
By 2021, the proportion of 5G mobile phones will reach 50%, and the cost
of low-end mobile phones will be reduced to USD200.
Around 200 million 5G mobile
phones delivered in 2020
5G mobile phone price
reduced to USD300 in 2020
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5G Data Terminals (CPE & 5G MiFi)
Industrial CPE
Distance
Indoor CPE
Window-mounted
CPE
300 m (indoor) 500 m (near window) > 800 m (outdoor)
Outdoor CPE
5G MIFI
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5G Industry Terminals & Modules
Huawei Launches the First Commercial 5G Industrial Module
Huawei Universal 5G+V2X Terminal
Industry's first 5G+V2X
commercial device
Support for SA/NSA
Applicable to IoV
QUECTEL: RG500Q/RG510Q/RM500Q/RM510Q
Fixed wireless access, mobile hotspots, cloud PCs
Sunsea AIoT: SIM8200EA-M2/SIM8200G/EX510
Fixed wireless access, multimedia videos, cloud
PCs
China Mobile IoT: F02X and F03X
VR/AR, Industrial Internet, PCs
SIMCom: SIM8200, SIM8300, SIM8200-M2, SIM8300-M2
Mobile terminals, hand-held devices, cloud PCs,
fixed wireless access gateways
Fibocom: FB101/FB150
Cloud PCs, gateways, industrial management,
telemedicine, UAV, VR/AR
Huawei: MH5000
VR/AR, IoV, smart manufacturing, energy Internet,
UAV, healthcare
Sierra Wireless: AirPrime 5G module
Industrial Internet, smart transportation, smart
healthcare, smart driving
Multiple Vendors Have Launched Module Samples
(Batch GTM in 2020 H2)
Higher performance: single-core full-mode, NSA/SA, 2 Gbps in
the downlink, 230 Mbps in the uplink
More reliable: advanced industrial design, –40°C to +85°C
industrial temperature
More open: rich hardware interfaces, full set of development
tools, and technical support
TD Tech's Industrial CPE
Industrial-grade protection: IP65,
anti-magnetic, and anti-salt spray
Support for SA/NSA
Omnidirectional highly-sensitivity
antenna: 5G 4T4R
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5G Terminal Development
5G Spectrum Allocation
5G Networking Evolution
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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5G Spectrum Resources
Capacity & Self-backhaul
Coverage & Mobility
Sub-6 GHz
10 50
40
30
20 60 80
70 90
1 5
4
2 6
3
5G extended frequency band
5G primary frequency band
GHz
Visible
light
mmWave
Sub-3 GHz C-band
The 5G spectrum resources defined in the 3GPP specifications can be divided into two frequency
ranges: FR1 and FR2.
FR1: sub-6 GHz, the primary frequency band for 5G. The frequencies below 3 GHz are called sub-3 GHz,
and all remaining spectrum is referred to as C-band.
FR2: mmWave above 6 GHz, the extended frequency band for 5G, with abundant spectrum resources
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C-band GHz
4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
4.4
3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.0
South Korea
Japan
China
United States
Europe
40
30 45
3 GHz
2.75 GHz 5.5 GHz
1.6 GHz 3 GHz
3 GHz
EU RSPG
USA FCC
MIIT
Japan MIC
South Korea MSIP
0.85GHz
3.25 GHz
GHz
G40
mmWave
2 GHz
25
G30
Global Mainstream 5G Spectrum
Confirmed
Being confirmed
Pending
Candidate, first band for mobile services
Candidate, first band for non-mobile services
Outside the AI1.13 framework
C-band (3.4–4.9 GHz) can provide at least 200 MHz bandwidth, becoming the main spectrum of global 5G networks.
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Progress of Sub-3 GHz Spectrum
5
5
4
12
9
2
2
14
2
2.6G B38
2.6G B7
2.3G
2.1G
1.8G
900M
800M
700M
600M
3.5 GHz
700 MHz
–22 dB
–14 dB
Penetration loss
3.5 GHz NR
700 MHz NR
3.5 GHz NR
2.1 GHz NR
According to the 5G spectrum regulation
requirements in Germany, 98% of the
population, as well as all major highways and
railways will be provided with a rate of 100
Mbps by 2022.
Four major operators in Germany have
proposed C-Band + sub-3 GHz.
Wide coverage
Continuous coverage in urban
areas and deep indoor coverage
French operators plan to deploy
700 MHz in cities.
Swisscom: 90% the rooftop space of
urban sites is fully occupied and
cannot be upgraded or reconstructed
for more antennas.
Difficult to acquire massive
MIMO sites
700 MHz, without C-band
Netherlands is expected to release C-band,
preferentially 700 MHz, in 2022.
Occupied C-band and difficult
frequency clearance
In Malaysia and Indonesia, the C-Band is
occupied by satellites. 5G will be deployed in
existing frequency bands.
Sunrise: Blade AAU single-antenna
solution is expected to be deployed.
Requirements of Sub-3 GHz NR
Evolution Projects
Mainstream frequency
bands:
700 MHz/1.8 GHz/2.1 GHz
10+ countries such as
Fr./Ger./Neth./Switz./Fin.
Malaysia/Pol.
/Switz./Braz.
Ger./Aust./Czech/
Pol./Greece/Hong Kong
Switz./Rus.
Global Sub-3 GHz NR
Progress Acceleration
Spectrum: Quick Release
Without the First Band
Coverage: 5G Fast Coverage
Site: Difficult Multi-
Antenna Deployment
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5G Spectrum Allocation in China
40 MHz reserved
4960
4800 5000
4900
China Mobile 100 MHz
100 MHz for indoor scenarios (to be determined)
3300 3400
CBN 60 MHz
3400 3600
China Telecom 100 MHz China Unicom 100 MHz
China Mobile 60 MHz
China Mobile
40 MHz
3500
2480 2555
China Mobile 60 MHz
BeiDou
2500
Guard band
2515 2575
China Unicom
20 MHz
Reused
New
China Mobile
60 MHz
Existing 4G spectrum
China Telecom
20 MHz
Reused
2635 2655 2675
New Guard band
2690
Radar
2.6
GHz
2.6
GHz
3.5
GHz
3.3
GHz
4.8
GHz
China Mobile 160 MHz
China Mobile 60 MHz
2515 2675
4G
5G
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5G Spectrum Sharing in China
2.6 GHz 100 MHz NR
Phase 1: Leverage low
frequency bands.
4.9 GHz 100 MHz NR
On-demand enabling
of 260 MHz NR
60 MHz LTE
Phase 2: Leverage large
bandwidths.
Phase 3: Delve deep into
spectrum advantages.
2.6 GHz 100 MHz NR 60 MHz
4.9 GHz 100 MHz NR
2.6 GHz 100 MHz NR 60 MHz NR
260 MHz NR enabling
on a large scale
2020 2021 2022 ~
4G traffic peak
Initial commercial
use of 5G
5G penetration
rate 20%
4G traffic
5G traffic
100 MHz NR
100 MHz NR
Mobile
60 MHz CloudAIR
2.6G
4.9G 3400 3500
China Telecom 100 MHz
3600
China Unicom 100 MHz
China
Telecom &
China
Unicom
3.5
GHz
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5G Terminal Development
5G Spectrum Allocation
5G Networking Evolution
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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Evolution of Typical 5G Networking
2.6 GHz
1.8–2.1 GHz
C-band
Gradually expand to vertical industries
700/800/900 MHz
Dense urban area Suburban or
rural area
Urban area
mmWave
700/800/900 MHz
2.6 GHz
1.8–2.1 GHz
C-band
Preferentially develop eMBB services
4G 5G
Experience
-oriented
Experience
-based
Coverage-
based
Dense urban area Suburban or
rural area
Urban area
mmWave
4G 5G
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Example of the Target Networking Policy
5G
City County Town Rural area
Continuous coverage in
counties and above
GSM
NB/FDD
Spectrum sharing
On-demand construction of
hotspots and vertical industries
900 MHz
1.8 GHz
2.6 GHz
4.9 GHz
Best coverage capabilities
Basic network for voice/IoT
services
Strong data bearing capability
and high-quality user
experience
4G basic capacity layer (5G
NSA anchor)
eMBB services such as
VR/AR/video
5G basic coverage/4G
capacity layer
5G hotspots and vertical industries
5G capacity layer
4G
5G
Collaborative
planning
Co-construction
and co-existence
5G: evolution towards full 160 MHz
4G: on-demand enabling
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5G 3D Networking for All Scenarios
New/
Upgraded
32T
MIMO
8T
RRU + antenna
Easymacro/BookRRU
Hotspot area Macro-micro coordination at the
coverage edge for better experience
Suburban
coverage
DAS
Traditional indoor
distributed site
DIS
LampSite
Rural area
Metro High-power 2T RRU + leaky cable & DIS
64T/32T hybrid networking, reuse of
existing 8T modules in rural areas
64T
MIMO
Macro base
station
Pole site
IBS
High-speed
railway
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64T/32T Scenario-based Combination to Balance Network
Performance and Investment
Capacity comparison
32T 64T
100.47
132.23
0
50
100
150
32T 64T
Edge rate
The capacity of 64T is 1.3–1.4 times
that of 32T.
64T has strong vertical coverage capability
and provides better user experience at
higher floors (higher than 10 floors).
38% 28%
110.5
53.4
139.1
95.6
10F 20F
Downlink rate comparison
between floors
32T 64T
25%
80%
32%
64T provides better deep coverage, and
a cell edge rate 1.3 times that of 32T.
Deep coverage
capability comparison
Capacity capability
comparison
Vertical coverage
capability comparison
High-rise-building-intensive area
(50% high-density buildings with
more than six floors)
Potential high-traffic cells
(top 20% 4G cells with heavy traffic)
High-rise building
(over 10 floors)
64T is planned and deployed based on the density, height, and capacity
requirements of buildings. 32T is deployed in other scenarios.
or or
Uplink Downlink
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Contents
1. Basics of Mobile Communications
2. Driving Force of 5G Development
3. 5G Standardization Progress
4. 5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
5. Global 5G Commercial Use
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5G Commercialized in Major Markets Worldwide
South Korea
On April 3, 2019, 5G commercial services were released,
with nearly one million users.
Japan
Docomo: first commercial use in 2019 H2; nationwide
coverage in 2022
China
License issuance in June 2019
North America
Verizon: commercialized on April 3, 2019 and available
in 20 cities by the end of 2019
Sprint: commercial release in May
Western Europe
Sunrise: 90% of the population served by the end of 2019
BT/EE: commercial release in May and available in 16 cities
by the end of 2019; 3UK: commercial release in August
Elisa: commercial release in June
Vodafone Spain: commercial use in June 2019
Middle East
VIVA Kuwait: pre-commercial use in April and nationwide
urban coverage in June
UAE: commercial release in June
Saudi Arabia: urban coverage completed in 2019
South Africa
5G services launched in September 2019, covering
Johannesburg and Cape Town
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5G Commercial Use in China
2019.06.06
5G licensing
2019.10.31
Commercial
use
2020.8
60 million
users
300+ cities
2020 Q4
Network-wide
coverage
Urban or suburban
areas
2022
2019 2020 2022
2021
50+ cities
2019 Q4
130,000
5G base stations, 2019
600,000
5G base stations, 2020
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Multi-Band Multimode Tests in All Scenarios
Mode/Frequency
Band
Single-User Peak
Rate - UL
Single-User Peak
Rate - DL
Single-Cell Peak Rate
- UL
Single-Cell Peak
Rate - DL
Delay - Control
Plane
Delay - User
Plane
SA - 2.6 GHz 253 Mbps 1.79 Gbps 8 layers: 670 Mbps
16 streams: 5.62
Gbps
79.1 ms 8–9 ms
SA - 4.9 GHz 374 Mbps 1.55 Gbps 8 layers: 900 Mbps 16 layers: 4.81 Gbps 78.2 ms 6.6 ms
NSA - 2.6 GHz 125 Mbps 1.75 Gbps 8 layers: 660 Mbps 16 layers: 5.58 Gbps 324 ms 8–9 ms
Basic performance
Network performance
MU-MIMO
100 Users Online
DL: 5+ Gbps
UL: 600+ Mbps
SA-2.6 GHz SA-4.9 GHz
DL: 901 Mbps DL: 500 Mbps
UL: 140 Mbps UL: 135 Mbps
NSA-2.6 GHz
DL: 825 Mbps
Average Speed:
70 km/h
Average ISD: 550 m
DL: 763 Mbps
Multi-pRRU
Average downlink rate:
1.27 Gbps
Average uplink rate:
114 Mbps
Cell setup duration: 3s
MOS: 4 (VoLTE)
Outdoor Traverse Drive
Test
Indoor Distributed
System
Highway VoNR
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5G Co-construction and Sharing
Targeted at SA and focused on key areas and high-level customers, build a 5G top-
quality network with wide coverage, high rate, and high-quality experience.
Sharing
Self-built Self-built
Construction interface
Operator A's
Core network
Operator B's
Core network
Operator A&B's
Base station
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eMBB Is in the Early Stage, and mMTC and URLLC Are Gradually
Maturing
NB-IoT/eMTC mMTC
2018-2019 2020-2022 2023~2025
eMBB high-bandwidth services in the early stage of 5G mMTC continues to use 4G IoT, and URLLC
is to be developed.
Currently, 5G does not have independent IoT standards. In the
initial phase, 5G will inherit the air interface standards of NB-IoT
and eMTC.
Cellular IoT standard evolution
There are many URLLC scenarios, and typical service
application scenarios are still being explored.
IoV
Connected
robot
Connected
UAV
Smart
manufacturing
IoV: 1 billion connections, 20 GB/vehicle/month; 50 million
connections for autonomous driving, 200 GB/vehicle/month;
5 million industrial robots/UAVs
AR-guided
engineering cabling
360° live VR
UAV video upload HD video
In September 2018, the AR
version of the mobile phone
game Big Bee was displayed at
the new iPhone launch event.
2K screen becoming the standard
configuration for mid-range and
high-end terminals
Gradual maturity of the terminal industry
Foldable large-screen mobile
phones developed by mainstream
vendors
At the MWC 2019 new products
launch event, Huawei unveiled its first
5G foldable smartphone, Mate X.
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Exploration of Future Vertical Industry Applications
Smart grid UAV
Smart
healthcare
Smart
manufacturing
and more
...
Monitoring
and control
Automatic
fault recovery
Agriculture
and forestry
Remote
surgery
Robot
communication
and control
Latency:
5–50 ms
Reliability:
Very high
Latency:
10–100 ms
Reliability:
High
Latency:
10–30 ms
Reliability:
High
Latency:
10–100 ms
Reliability:
Very high
Application
scenarios
Network
requirements
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Trends of 5G Industry Applications
BtoC BtoH BtoB
eMBB
URLLC
mMTC
Mobile videos
Cloud gaming
Cloud office
Cloud AR/VR
DL 100 Mbps
Smart wearables
Individual Home IoV
Industrial Energy Healthcare
Immersive social
networking
Family entertainment
IPTV 4k/8k
DL 50–100 Mbps
Social media
HD large screen
Signage service
Digital media
PMSE
Public utilities
Campus
robotic
patrolling
AR facial recognition
Industrial
shooting
Industrial
AR
Vehicle-mounted
communication
entertainment
UAV
Cable inspection
Low-voltage
centralized
metering
Power distribution
automation
Smart home
interconnection
Logistics
tracking
PLC massive
connections
Remote B-
mode ultra-
sonography
Remote
surgery
Smart pole Mobile
healthcare
Device
interconnection
Vehicle
platooning
Remote
driving
Autonomous
driving
Motion
control
Power
distribution
PMU
Industry segments
Applications
Power distribution
room surveillance
Precise load
control
Automatic
AGV
1
2
3
Phase 1: ~ 2020
Video applications
Phase 2: 2021–2022
Video-based basic control
Phase 3: 2023 onwards
Advanced control & massive
connections
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5G Drives Industry Digitalization
Source: Oxford Economics, Huawei GIV2025
Global digital
economy in 2025
$23 trillion 6.7x
Digital vs. non-digital
ROI
AI
Three
technologies
5G IoT
18.9% 32.9%
Compound annual growth
rate (CAGR) of the digital
economy in recent years
Proportion of digital
economy GDP
5G + IoT + AI + Vertical integration:
intelligent services are the core control point of 5G services.
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Quiz
1. Currently, the global commercial use focuses on eMBB services in the early stage.
Which of the following services are eMBB services? ( )
A. AR/VR
B. Drone
C. IoV
D. HD Video Download
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Summary
Basics of Mobile Communications
Driving Force of 5G Development
5G Standardization Progress
5G Industry Chain and Ecosystem
Global 5G Commercial Use
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