1. Good test , it's features , characteristics 2. Reliability and Validity of a good test , it's types and differentiation

1. PAPER : ASSESMENT OF LEARNING
(B.Ed 2017-2019) GGSIPU
MAHARJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE
TOPIC : Good test , Reliability and
Validity of a good test
Submitted by : TIRU GOEL
Roll no : 07314902117
Submitted to : Dr. Anviti rawat

2. GOOD TEST
Introduction:-
It is an important tool in school evaluation and has
great importance in measuring the progress of
students in the subject area.
A good test marks the achievement of a pupil.
It is directly related to the growth and development of
pupil in the educational situations.
Tests should give an accurate picture of student’s
knowledge and skills in the subject area being
tested.

3. DEFINITIONS
“Any test that measures the attainments and
accomplishments of an individual after a period of
training or learning” - NM Downie
“Any type of ability test that describes what a person
has learned to do” – Throndike and Hagen

4. ACHIEVEMENT TEST STANDARDISED TEST
 They are designed by the
teachers to measure a
student’s level of skills or
knowledge in a specific area.
 Mostly these are needed in
order to pass a class or
continue on to the next grade
level.
 Achievement tests are not
used to determine what you
are capable of; they are
designed to evaluate what
you know and your level of
skill at the given moment.
 They require the test takers
to answer the same question
in the same way and are
scored in a standard or
consistent manner.
 The term is primarily
associated with large scale
tests administered to large
scale population.
 The questions can be simple
or complex.

5.  A common use is to
determine a person's
academic level.
 Example: Summative test,
Formative Test, class test
etc.
 A common use is to
identify where a person
stands above the average
level.
 Example: Aptitude test,
College admission test, etc.

6. OBJECTIVES
 Identify and explain reasons for performing test.
 Evaluate a test’s validity and reliability.
 Select appropriate tests according to the
requirement of class, students and their level.

7. FUNCTIONS OF TEST
 It provides basis for promotion to the next grade.
 To find out where each student stands in various
academic areas.
 They are recorded as scores or grades for a
student’s academic record for report card or
admission to higher education.
 To understand the level of knowledge a student has
gained.
 To prepare the students for next tests by identifying
their problems.

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD TEST
Reliability:- A test must be reliable in a sense that it
must be able to determine the consistency of an
examinee’s performance. A test is reliable if we get
the same results repeatedly.
Validity:- A good test must be able to measure what it
claims to measure then only a test has high validity.
Fairness:- A good test does not discriminate on the
basis of gender, caste, religion, race, etc.
Practicality:- A good test must have clarity, simplicity
and the ease of reading instructions.

9. TOOLS OF EVALUATION
There are two types of tools of evaluation:-
Quantitative:- Quantitative method is distinguished
by emphasis on numbers, measurement,
experimental design, and statistical analysis of the
performance of students. Example: Written, oral
and practical tests.
Qualitative:- It is a multimethod in focus, involving an
interpretive and naturalistic approach to its subject
matter. Example:- Observation, introspection,
projection.

10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
Quantitative Evaluation Tools
• Results can be
measured or counted.
• It makes use of tests,
exams, etc.
• Any other person trying
to quantitatively assess
the same situation
should end up with the
same results.
Qualitative Evaluation Tools
• Results can be observed
and not measured.
• It makes use of the five
senses.
• Two individuals
evaluating the same
thing may end up with
different or conflicting
results.

11. • Quantitative evaluation is easy
to reproduce with accuracy.
• Examples: Written test, oral
test, practical examinations.
• Qualitative evaluation becomes
harder to reproduce with
accuracy.
• Examples: Observation,
introspection, projection.

12. WHAT IS RELIABILITY !
• According to the dictionary meaning , Reliability means
Consistency , Dependence or Trust .
• It depends on dual factors of Trust worthiness and
Stability.
• So . In measurement Reliability is the degree of
uniformity b/w 2 measurements of the same thing.
• A test is believed to be reliable when the score is
stable . For Ex- Conducting a test in a group and finding
a mean score of 55 & Repeating that test again after 3
days and getting the same mean score.

13. FEATURES OF RELIABILITY
• RELIABILITY depends on factors like Guessing , memory forgetting or
physical health which may affect result of one measurement from
the other
• Environmental factors:- Differences in the testing environment, such
as room temperature, lighting, noise, or even the test administrator,
can influence an individual's test performance.
• Test form:- Many tests have more than one version or form. Items
are different on each form, but are supposed to measure the same
thing. Because the forms are not exactly the same, a test taker might
do better on one form than on another.
• Multiple raters:- This happens when scoring is determined by a
rater's judgments of the performance . Differences in training and
experience among raters can produce different test scores for the
test taker.

14. TYPES OF RELIABILITY ?
TEST-RETEST METHOD:-
This is the most simple method of determining
the test reliability , under which a test is given
and repeated on the same group after an
interval of time . Later on the co-relation b/w
the 2 tests is obtained which indicates the
level of stability of the test .

15. PARALLEL FORMS METHOD:-
• In this type of method , two parallel tests with same
content , difficulty level and length are conducted in a
group in a short span of time
• Further , the co-relation b/w the 2 tests is obtained which
provide the index of comparison

16. SPLIT-HALF METHOD:-
• In this type of method , a single test is divided into 2
equal parts and co-relation b/w these half-tests is
obtained
• The best way to do that is taking all odd numbers in
one half and even numbers in other half.

17. WHAT IS VALIDITY ?
Validity means Truthfulness of any test , it
measures to which level a test is fulfilling the
purpose for which it is used.
It depends on dual factors of – Accuracy and
suitability
How well the test measures what it is suppose
to , is judged through validity.

18. FEATURES OF VALIDITY
• Validity refers to test results , it’s correctness and
usefulness.
• Validity is a matter of degree to which you can make
specific conclusions or predictions about students based
on their test scores.
• Validity indicates that there is link between teaching
styles and test performance.

19. TYPES OF VALIDITY
CONTENT RELATED VALIDATION:-
• A test needs to have a representative sample
of the teaching/instructional contents as
defined and covered in the curriculum
• . Content validity is the estimate of how much
a measure represents every single element of
a construct.
• Example: a grammar test should contain every
part of the grammar. But we cannot take all of
them, so just take the sample to represent the
content.

20. CRITERIA RELATED VALIDATION:-
Criterion Validity measures whether a test reflects a
certain set of abilities. It also includes ,
• Predictive validity which is a measure of how well a
test predicts abilities. It involves testing a group of
students on a construct and then comparing them
with results obtained at some point in the future.

21. CONSTRUCT RELATED VALIDITY:-
It defines how well a test or experiment measures up
to its claims. A test designed to measure depression
must only measure that particular construct, not
closely related ideals such as anxiety or stress.