PHED 2022- Invitation to Health: Live It Now! Brief 9e

1. © Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016
An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9e
Dianne Hales
Your Psychological and
Spiritual Well-Being
2

2. © Cengage Learning 2016
After reading this chapter, the student
should be able to:
• Identify the characteristics of emotionally
healthy individuals
• Summarize the components of positive
psychology that can lead to a happy and
purposeful life
• Discuss the impact of spirituality on
individuals
Objectives

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• Review the relationship between sleep
and health
• Relate mental health to a person’s overall
well-being
• Describe the key factors related to
depressive disorders, their symptoms, and
treatments
• Summarize four categories of anxiety
disorders
Objectives (cont’d.)

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• Identify the risk factors, symptoms, and
therapeutic approaches for other mental
disorders discussed in this chapter
• Outline the patterns of committing or
attempting suicide among Americans
• List treatment options available for mental
disorders
Objectives (cont’d.)

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• Characteristics of emotionally healthy
people
– Determination and effort to be healthy
– Flexibility to deal with changing circumstances
– Sense of meaning and purpose
– Compassion for others
– Sense of control over mind and body
– Increased depth and satisfaction in personal
relationships
Emotional Health

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• Ability to perceive reality and the
motivations of others
• Ability to function and carry out
responsibilities
• Ability to form relationships
• Ability to adapt to change and cope with
adversity
Mental Health

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• Aspects of the human condition that lead
to happiness, fulfillment, and flourishing
• Develop self-compassion
– Healthy self-acceptance
• Boost emotional intelligence
– Ability to use emotions to guide thinking and
actions
The Lessons of Positive Psychology

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• Meet your needs
– Recognize physical and emotional needs
• Include safety, security, love, and self-esteem
• Boost self-esteem
– Feeling of belief and pride in ourselves
– Develops over time
– Strategy: develop practice of positive thinking
and talking
Lessons of Positive Psychology
(cont’d.)

9. © Cengage Learning 2016

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• Happy people:
– Live eight to nine years longer
– Make $15,000 more per year
– Less likely to become divorced
• Roots of happiness
– Genetic component (50 percent)
– Life circumstances (10 percent)
– Thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors (40 percent)
Pursuit of Happiness

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• Become optimistic
– Inclined to anticipate the best possible
outcome
– People can change outlook over time
• Cognitive-behavioral techniques
• Manage your moods
– Sustained emotional state lasting for days
– Determine and change the cause of a bad
mood if possible
More Lessons of Positive Psychology

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• Ability to identify basic purpose in life
• Spirituality
– Belief in a higher power
– Gives rise to strong sense of purpose, values,
morals, and ethics
– May be expressed through religion
• Particular system of faith and worship
– Church attendance may add two to three
years of life
• Sense of community
Spiritual Health

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• Spiritual intelligence
– Discovery of a wisdom within ourselves
– Sense of inner peace
– Tap into highest parts of ourselves, others,
and the world
• Clarify values
– Consider consequences of actions
– Choose freely
– Publicly affirm and act out values
Achieving Spiritual Health

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• Sit quietly
• Start small
• Step outside
• Use activity to tune into your spirit
• Ask questions of yourself
• Trust your spirit
• Develop a spiritual practice
– May be religious or non-religious
Spiritual Enrichment

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• Most commonly used form of
complementary and alternative medicine
• Prayer:
– Boosts morale
– Lowers agitation, loneliness, and life
dissatisfaction
– Enhances ability to cope
– Fosters a state of peace and calm
Consider the Power of Prayer

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• Benefits of a grateful spirit
– Improved mood
– Increased energy
– More positive views of the social environment
– Better sleep
– More productive coping strategies
– Greater appreciation of life and possessions
• Strategy: keep a diary and record three
things each day for which you are grateful
Cultivate Gratitude

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• Letting go of anger and pain
• Reclaims power to choose
• A process, not a one-time event
• Involves the conscious and unconscious
mind
Forgiveness

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• One-third of Americans say they get
enough sleep
• 50 to 70 million adults suffer from sleep
disorders
• Student night life and alcohol use
compound sleep problems for college
students
• Sleep has many impacts on health
– One example: body’s immunity to disease
Sleepless on Campus

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• Mental disorders can undermine physical
well-being
• Undergraduates living on campus
– Lower depression rates than those living off
campus
• Students with past or current financial
distress
– Greater likelihood of depression and anxiety
Understanding Mental Health

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• Key contributors to depression in college
students
– Stress
– Too little sleep
– Academic or athletic pressures
• Depression twice as common in women
– Brain chemistry and sex hormones play a role
Depressive Disorders

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• Sadness that does not end
• Destroys a person’s joy for living
• Little interest in pleasurable activities
• Lack of concentration
• Trouble sleeping and lack of energy
• Eating more or less than usual
• Feeling helpless
• Contemplating suicide
Major Depressive Disorder

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• Medication
– Most common treatment approach today
• Psychotherapy (talk therapy)
– Combination of psychotherapy and
medication most effective approach for most
• Bipolar disorder (manic depression)
– Mood swings from depressive to euphoric
– Affects about four percent of the population
Treating Depression

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• Phobias
• Panic attacks
– Reach peak intensity within ten minutes
– Panic disorder: recurring attacks
• Generalized anxiety disorder
– Excessive or unrealistic apprehension that
causes physical symptoms
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
– Involves recurring thought and action
Anxiety Disorders

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• ADHD
– Common disorder in childhood
– Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
• Autism spectrum disorder
– Four times more likely to occur in boys than
girls
– Causes: genetic factors, maternal trauma,
brain abnormalities, parental age
– Symptoms usually occur before age two
Other Common Disorders

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• Schizophrenia
– One of the most debilitating mental disorders
– Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions,
and disorganized thinking
– Strong genetic basis
• Nonsuicidal self-injury
– Deliberately harming oneself
– Intent: to relieve painful thoughts or feelings
– Usually starts in the early teens
Other Disorders (cont’d.)

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• 1.1 million Americans attempt suicide
yearly
– Two-thirds experienced depressive symptoms
at time of their death
– Whites at highest risk
– Increased significantly among middle aged
men and women
• 4.5 million suicide survivors in the U.S.
• Many factors influence suicide
Suicide

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• 75% of those needing treatment do not
receive treatment
– Median delay is 10 years
• Mental health counseling
– Psychotherapy
– Psychodynamic therapy
– Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Psychiatric drugs
Overcoming Problems of the Mind