Location, Location, Location - Geospatial Analysis with a Native Parallel Graph Database

1. Graph Gurus Episode 8
Location, Location, Location:
Geospatial Analysis with A Native Parallel Graph Database

2. © 2018 TigerGraph. All Rights Reserved
Welcome
● Attendees are muted but you can talk to us via Chat in Zoom
● Send questions at any time using the Q&A tab in the Zoom menu
● We will have 10 min for Q&A at the end
● The webinar will be recorded and sent via email
● A link to the presentation and reproducible steps will be emailed
2
ZOOM ISSUES: update to the latest version of Zoom and if you are using
multiple monitors disable “use dual monitors” in settings

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Developer Edition Available
We now offer Docker versions and VirtualBox versions of the TigerGraph
Developer Edition, so you can now run on
● MacOS
● Windows 10
● Linux
Developer Edition Download https://www.tigergraph.com/developer/
3

4. © 2018 TigerGraph. All Rights Reserved
Today's Gurus
4
Emma Liu
Product Manager
● BS in Engineering from Harvey
Mudd College, MS in Engineering
Systems from MIT
● Prior work experience at Oracle
and MarkLogic
● Focus - Cloud, Containers,
Enterprise Infra, Monitoring,
Management, Connectors
Xinyu Chang
Solution Team Lead
● 4 Years with TigerGraph
● Co-authored GSQL
● Created solutions for most
major customers
● Expert in graph solutions and
algorithms

5. © 2018 TigerGraph. All Rights Reserved© 2018 TigerGraph. All Rights Reserved
Agenda
● GeoSpatial Use Case
● Geospatial Search with Graph Database
● Why TigerGraph for GeoSpatial Analytics?
● GeoGraph Concepts and Definitions
● GeoGraph Design and Implementation
● GeoGraph Demo
5

6. © 2018 TigerGraph. All Rights Reserved 6
Traffic Inflow
(predicted)
Traffic Outflow (predicted)
Saturday, 11:15 pm Japan Standard Time
Number of Taxis needed: 105
Number of Taxis available: 65
Geospatial Operational Analytics
Example: Real-time Taxi Positioning

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40
Matching Demand & Supply
with Predicted Traffic Flow Data For Busy Locations
78 96 120 92
45 45 80 29
45 323445
60
35
17
54
35
14
79 25 72
45 35 44 57
89 648745
45
98
34
65
35
78
78 85 78 45 45 35 98 64 33 63 654 69
Input Driver
Suggested Moving direction
120
In Flow
40
Out Flow
Flow Prediction Based on
Historical data
40
Number of Taxis in
that mesh

8. © 2018 TigerGraph. All Rights Reserved 8
Develop Location-Based Customer 360 Profiles

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Recommendation
Similar Users With
Similar Movement
Pattern
= Grid
Input User
Geo-Temporal Patterns for Recommendation

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GeoSpatial Analytics with Graph Database
11
Finding entities (nodes/edges) in a connected network
matching certain geolocation patterns
One More Dimension(s) to
Your Solution Space

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Reserved
Common GeoSpatial Questions
12
RDBMS
• Real World Challenge:
• Not designed for complex Geo
based search questions in real time
• Rely on third party index
• No easy SQL for answering these
questions
TigerGraph
• Real World Benefit:
• GeoSpatial data is on a graph
• Designed for discovery/exploratory
type of analytics
• GSQL can naturally and efficiently
express and solve the Geo search
queries
A. Who are the closest target entities (e.g., taxi drivers) to customer A?
B. Find all hospitals in real time which are within this region with Rh-negative blood type.
C. Find all doctors nearby who are specialists in congenital heart defects.

13. 13
Why TigerGraph for GeoSpatial
Analytics?
Not Just Search, But
Real-time Geo Intelligence!

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Why TigerGraph for GeoSpatial Search?
Deep Link Analysis
in Physical World
• Geo Aware Multi Hop
Entity Relationship
• Native Parallel Graph
Enabled by MPP
Geo Enriched
Graph Applications
• GeoSpatial Intelligence
to All Use Cases
• Example: Smart Mobile
Location Based
Recommendation
14
• Movement at the
Same Time with
Many Entities
(People and Things)
• Continuous Big Data
Real-Time Geo
Insights
Unique TigerGraph Features

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GeoSpatial Search (Intelligence) with TigerGraph
15
Problem:
Finding entities
(nodes/edges) in a
connected network
matching certain
geolocation patterns
with movements
with continuously
increasing real time
data
Solution:
First and Only
OLAP and OLTP
Graph Database

16. 16
GeoGraph In Depth
TigerGraph GeoSpatial Search Solution and Demo
Xinyu Chang, Solution Team Lead

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What is GeoGraph?
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1. The earth is cut into a grid of
bounding boxes or cells.
2. Each box can be represented by a
vertex in the graph.
3. Each vertex has a predictable ID,
which is x + y*c, where c is the
number of columns.
4. Each object vertex is connected to
the corresponding geo location
vertex based on its coordinates.

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Graph Representation
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123122 124
22 23 24
223222 224
Object
Object
Relationship
between objects
Location Edge
Geo Location Vertex Object

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R-Tree vs. Grid
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R-Tree Approach
• Advantages:
Search for arbitrary regions, points
Allows us to estimate the number of dots in a
region without a full data scan
• Disadvantages:
Significant redundancy in the data storage
Slow update
Grid Approach
• Advantages:
Stored as vertices and edges, naturally
integrated with TIgerGraph System.
Do the analytics including geo in a MPP way.
Fast to update.
Easy to implement and maintain.
• Disadvantages:
Might have uneven distribution of objects on
each grid

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Example Dataset
California Healthcare Facility Locations
https://data.chhs.ca.gov/dataset/healthcare-facility-locations
City Zipcode and Location
https://www.aggdata.com/

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Graph Schema & Data Loading
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Token Function getGridId:
Given latitude and longitude, return the id of the
grid vertex id.

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Graph Exploration & Queries

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Query Mechanism
Expression Function getNearbyGridId:
Given latitude, longitude and distance, return the nearby
grid vertex ids within distance.
Expression Function geoDistance:
Given two pairs of latitude and longitude, return the
distance between the two locations.

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Query Mechanism
User Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Geo
Grid
Facility
Facility
Facility
Facility
Facility

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Demo
Geospatial Search UI
http://54.88.6.143:14240/geo/#
GraphStudio UI
http://54.88.6.143:14240

26. 26
Takeaways

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Summary
• Graph Database is a natural fit for Geospatial Analytics
• TigerGraph is designed from the ground up for fast
GeoSpatial Analytics
• GeoSpatial Analytics algorithms with GSQL Queries
• Graph Studio Demo for GeoSpatial Analytics
27

28. Q&A
Please send your questions via the Q&A menu in Zoom
28

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Additional Resources
29
New Developer Portal
https://www.tigergraph.com/developers/
Download the Developer Edition or Enterprise Free Trial
https://www.tigergraph.com/download/
Guru Scripts
https://github.com/tigergraph/ecosys/tree/master/guru_scripts
Join our Developer Forum
https://groups.google.com/a/opengsql.org/forum/#!forum/gsql-users
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