2. EDUCATIONAL
PATTERNS
MODERNWORLD
REAL
EARLY DAYS
REFORM METHODS
ARTS
MOVEMENT SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION
3. Early days
• Imitation and Apprenticeship
needed to supply profits.
• First teachers.
• Egyptian, Babylonians, Oriental
• Informal to formal.
• Basic premises of
apprenticeship.
• Politics of apprenticeship.
• The goal of an apprentice was
to become an individual that
was valued, to gain a label
or title.
4. The Code of Hammurabi
The first written evidence
of the apprenticeship system.
Fathers taught their sons a specific craft and
standards required
specialization in order to achieve proficiency
in a given craft.
The use of papyrus to record ideas
introduced more academic forms
of education reserved
for a very limited few.
5. BABYLONIANS
WOMEN TASKS
IN AND
TRAINING CONS
CERAMIC CHARGE OF
THIS TRUC
PROCESS TION
6. Oriental
• Parental guidance in the learning process
• Parent as teacher the child through the
task as well as how to learn.
(cognitive apprenticeship)
7. Social Stratification:
The first Rift
To "do" lost status
and to "think"
gained status as a
direct result of
slavery.
8. TRAINING
THE MIND
DEVELOPING ACADEMIC
THINKERS AND
HAND
SHOULD BE
SEPARATED
PHYSICAL
SKILLS
EDUCATION
AND ABILITIES
FOR
THE
NOBLE
SAFO:
FEMALE EDUCATOR
FIGURE
DANCING EXCELLENCE
AND
GAMES VIRTUE
9. PREPARATION EMPHASIS
FOR ON
WAR ATHLETICS
SKILLED
LABOR SCHOOL
LEVELS
11. John Amos Commenius
(1592-1670)
• Educational reformer and
religious leader.
• Believed that students had a
natural tendency to learn, they
should be involved in
extracurricular activities and that
education was for everyone.
• Criticized the conditions in
education and called for a
reorganization of schooling.
• A students lack of progress was
due in part to the inefficiency of
teachers.
12. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
(1746-1827)
Born in Zurich.
He established an
orphanage.
He directed a school in
Switzerland (1805)
He developed teachers
training.
Curriculum innovations.
Group work.
Emphasis in individual
skills.
Established grade levels.
13. John Locke (1632-1704)
"young children should be allowed
to give vent to their
feelings and should be restrained rarely."
14. The future adult within that child.
He also insisted that character
comes first before
learning and
that the
educators aim is
to instill virtue
and wisdom into the learner.
He believed that a pupil
could be improved
by a good education,
and corrupted by a bad one.
15. Froebel Bacon
Religious backgrounds
Freedoms linked to education
Teachers needed to be taught
Schooling for everyone.
Practical experiences
/ activities.
The learners curiosity
is important
Blending of experiences
Discipline/Education
should follow
the nature for the child
Engaging the senses
is valuable.
16. Theadore Weld
• American Beginnings: The manual training
movement
• Developing from the Russian system of
education.
• Completion of specific exercises.
• Skill development was emphasized.
• Attentive to learning styles and different ways
of learning.
• Task orientation.
• The first MT (Medieval Times) curriculum
• Started the society for the promotion of manual
labor
• "engaging in activity" combined with
academics.
17. He traveled 1500 miles by horseback
and 145 miles on foot spreading the word
and promoting his ideas.
He created a program of ‘exercises’
Only if they were meaningful for students.
Used content analysis to arrange the
Sequence course.
"Instruction before construction."
Directed Polytechnical.
(Technical School of Moscow)
Institute in Russia.
19. There were more than
30,000 displays and at least
a quarter of them belonged
to the United States.
These exhibits covered many
different concepts,
such as art, manufacturing,
electrical, products of soil and mine,
and education.
From these exhibits many
Americans gained
an unprecedented view of
their countries material
and intellectual progress.
20. VICTOR DE
LA VOS CALVIN
WOODWARD
JHON
DEWEY
MANUAL
ARTS JHON
DANIEL
MOVEMENTS
RUNKLE
OTTO
SALOMON
JAMES
HUFF
UNO STOUT
CYGNAEUS
21. Victor Della Vos
Developed a system of education based on
graded exercises on a pedagogical sequence.
The exercise was not necessarily a useful article
Construction based on a laboratory method
of teaching manual skills.
Used detailed content analysis
to arrange sequence.
22. Calvin Woodward (1837-1914)
"Father of Manual Training."
• Calvin Woodward saw Victor Della Vos at the
Centennial exhibition and liked his approach to
education.
• Woodward was a physics teacher and his
students had a hard time thinking in three
dimensions.
• He decided to start the Manual Training School
of Washington University in St. Louis (1880)
• First secondary school in U.S. to provide 3 year
curriculum that was equally divided between
mental and manual work.
23. John Daniel Runkle (1822-1902)
prepared the
"Objects and Plan of
an Institute Mathematical
of Technology“ Journal
MIT
Associated
with the
Holistic Nautical Almanac
Education computation project
Second president 1849 to 1884.
of Massachusetts
Institute
of Technology
24. James Huff Stout
Founded various educational
enterprises.
Manual training and domestic
science.
Kindergarten Training School
(TRAINING TEACHERS)
Physical training at schools.
Wrote the manual for training
teachers and domestic science
teachers.
25. Uno Cygnaeus (1810-1888)
• Education based on the use of
materials to shaped and configured
crafts and projects for customers.
• Developed handicraft teaching
internationally acknowledged.
• Father of educative handicraft.
• Teaching of handicraft as developer
of technology education.
)
26. PRACTICAL
PROJECTS
"SLOYD"
MOVEMENT
MANUAL NATURAL,
TRAINING POLITICAL,
SOCIAL
ELEMENTS
27. John Dewey (1859-1952)
Industrial Arts Movement
Methodology "Doing“.
Develop thinking-reflect.
Tools and production of an object..
Role interest plays in learning.
“Something to do" = interest.
Go to the ‘next level’
Balance between intellectual and
practical.
psychology of occupation.
Reflection in learning:
‘CONSTRUCTIVISM’
28. INDUSTRIAL ARTS MOVEMENTS
William Inspired the Arts Art & design Art Novou
Morris and Crafts merged with Style
movement construction United Stares
(paintings) Europe
Fredrick "real life stuff“ Student of John Research
Bonser Investigation Dewey Play
Art
Lois C. Use of technology First technology A change from a
in co-education course for male-only area,
Mossmann elementary because a female
(1877-1944) schools. thought of it!
Vocational Industry, Separate school Commission of
agriculture, system (apart Industrial and
Education mechanic and from the public Technical
Movement domestic arts for school system) Education for the
(early 1900’s) boys-girls should be Commonwealth of
created. Massachusetts.
29. Innovative Curriculum Projects
of the 1960's
• Education goes more to interpreting industry and
applying scientific principles through research and
development activities. 1957 Sputnik launch.
• Tech Ed (Vocational Arts) was still building bird houses,
& bread boards.
• The major question of the day was: how is wood working
getting kids ready for the space age?
• In the 1960¹s 20 to 35 innovative curriculum programs
were developed to address the concern that building
breadboards was not preparing kids to compete with the
Soviets.
• Indusry based programs.
30. 3 biggest Curriculum projects:
• IACP: Industrial American Curriculum
Project (7th and 8th grade)
• Maryland Plan
• American Industrial Project (UW-Stout)
• Most have fizzled out for the following
reasons.
– Teachers had to work to hard
– Very fast paced
– Science based
– Not as easy as handing out sand paper
31. Technology Education
Movement
• Technological Studies Involve:
• Designing, developing, and utilizing
technological systems.
• Open-ended, problem-based design activities
• Cognitive, manipulative, and affective learning
strategies.
• Applying technological knowledge and
processes to real world experiences
using up-to-date resources.
• Working individually as well as in a team to solve
problems.
32. The International Technology
Education Association
• Is the largest professional educational
association, principal voice, and
information clearinghouse devoted to
enhancing technology education through
experiences in our schools (K-12).
• ITEA's mission is to advance
technological capabilities for all people.
33. TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
• Jackson Mills (1979) • William Warner (1950’s)
• The essence of the • Curriculum Reflect
Technology in Education Technology based on:
is a system based on: • Thinking process.
• Inputs, Processes, • His proposal was a
Outputs, Feedback. curriculum that was less
• Preparing people for specific and emphasized
industry, space programs, thinking more broadly.
tech. innovation.
34. • Secondary school: curricula have been
homogenized, diluted, and diffused.
• Combined with extensive student choice,
explains a great deal about where we find
ourselves today.
• TIC’s development: new system of
education based on the incorporation of
the latest technologies into the learning
programs.
35. VIRTUAL EDUCATION
• A new learning
process and
transmission of the
knowledge through
the modern nets of
communications.
• Involving certain
curriculum basis,
methods, procedures,
strategies.
