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Better performances with HTTP/2
- 1. Better performances with HTTP/2 and Eclipse Vert.x Thomas Segismont, Senior Software Engineer, Red Hat
- 2. Agenda • Improving web performance with HTTP/2 • Scalable service architectures with HTTP/2
- 3. Who am I? • tsegismont @ GitHub / Twitter / Gmail / Freenode • Vert.x core team since August 2016 • At Red Hat since November 2012 (RHQ and Hawkular)
- 8. HTTP/1 Optimization techniques • Persistent connections • Multiple connections • Domain sharding • CDN • Browser caching • Compression / minification • Concatenation
- 10. HTTP/2 • A better TCP transport for actual HTTP request and responses • Same HTTP semantics • RFC7540 : Hypertext Protocol version 2 • RFC7541 : Header Compression for HTTP/2
- 11. HTTP/2 • H2 – TLS/SSL – Mandatory for browsers – ALPN extension to negotiate HTTP/1 or HTTP/2 • H2C – Clear text – Via HTTP/1 upgrade or directly
- 12. Framed protocol • Defines a set of frames encoded in binary on a single connection – Settings – Headers – Data – Flow control – Push, Priority, Ping – Reset
- 13. Settings frames • First frame exchanged by client and server – Max concurrency – Max frame size – … etc
- 14. GET /index.html HTTP/1.1rn Host: www.free.frrn User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0rn Accept-Encoding: text/htmlrn Accept-Language: en-USrn rn 00003501250000000300 0000000f824488355217 caf3a69a3f874189f1e3 c2f2d852af2d9f7a88d0 7f66a281b0dae0508749 7ca589d34d1f51842d4b 70dd Request headers 2x smaller length type flags stream_id
- 15. Subsequent request headers 4x smaller GET /products.html HTTP/1.1rn Host: www.free.frrn User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0rn Accept-Encoding: text/htmlrn Accept-Language: en-USrn rn 00001701250000000500 0000000f82448aaec3c9 691285e74d347f87c2c1 c0bf
- 16. Response headers + data HTTP/1.1 200 OKrn Content-Type: text/htmlrn Cache-Control: max-age=86400rn Content-Length: 37rn rn <html><body>Hello World </body></html> 00001f01240000000300 0000000f885f87497ca5 89d34d1f588aa47e561c c581e71a003f5c023337 0000250001000000033c 68746d6c3e3c626f6479 3e48656c6c6f20576f72 6c643c2f626f64793e3c 2f68746d6c3e length type flags stream_id
- 17. DEMO
- 20. Constraints • 1ms ping • 1G < bandwidth < 10G • 1ms < service time < 200ms • 200b < body size < 2kb
- 22. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 200 400 600 800 HTTP/1 - 8 connections planned (req / sec) performed(req/sec)
- 23. HTTP/1.1 Head Of Line Blocking Client Server }20ms Backend GET }
- 24. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 0 300 600 900 1200 HTTP/1 - 8 connections HTTP/2 - 1 connection / max_concurrent_streams 20 planned (req / sec) performed(req/sec)
- 27. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 HTTP/2 thread pool planned (req / sec) performed(req/sec)
- 28. Eclipse Vert.x is a toolkit for building reactive and polyglot applications for the JVM
- 29. Vert.x • Latest and greatest Vert.x 3.4.1 – Scala and Kotlin support – RxJava improvements – MQTT server – Kafka client – gRPC support – Web client – Infinispan cluster manager – … and much more!
- 30. Toolkit • Embeddable • Composable • Modular • Minimum dependencies • Classloading / Injection free
- 31. Polyglot
- 32. Reactive • Non blocking • Event driven • Distributed • Rxified APIs • Reactive-streams
- 33. HTTP/2 with Vert.x • Client / Server • h2 / h2c • HTTP Request / response API • HTTP/2 specific features for extensions
- 34. DEMO
- 35. Event Driven • NIO selectors • Disk operations • Timers • Messages • Database • … etc
- 36. Reactor pattern with Event Loop Single thread
- 37. Event loop benefits • Easier to scale • Mechanical sympathetic • Simple concurrency model
- 39. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 1250 2500 3750 5000 HTTP/2 thread pool HTTP/2 non blocking planned (req / sec) performed(req/sec)
- 43. Conclusion • Unleash concurrency with HTTP/2 • Keep the good old HTTP/1 semantics • Non blocking is a key factor for high concurrency • Vert.x is a great fit for HTTP/2 – Reactive ecosystem – Easy to scale
- 44. Thank you
- 45. Links • http://vertx.io • https://github.com/vietj/http2-bench • http://www.belshe.com/2010/05/24/more-bandwidth- doesnt-matter-much/ • https://www.infoq.com/presentations/latency-pitfalls • https://hpbn.co