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CONFIDENTIAL
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
September 2013
Asian Frontier Markets
May 2017
2
Proven Expertise In Frontier Markets
• Asia Frontier Capital Limited was created in June 2013 through a MBO from Leopard Capital – a PE fund
manager focusing on frontier markets
• The founder and CEO, Thomas Hugger, has more than 20 years experience in investing in Frontier Markets
• Licensed by SFC Hong Kong for Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management)
Asia Frontier Capital Offers Three Funds
• AFC Asia Frontier Fund – Launched 30th March 2012
• AFC Vietnam Fund – Launched 23rd December 2013
• AFC Iraq Fund – Launched 26th June 2015
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
INTRODUCING ASIA FRONTIER CAPITAL
3AFC Asia Frontier Fund
INTRODUCING
ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
4AFC Asia Frontier Fund
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
AFC Asia Frontier
Fund Universe
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Iraq
Laos
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
5
Excellent upside potential
due to high GDP growth
Low Correlation and
Diversification at
attractive Valuations
Increasing
Consumption
Favourable
Demographics
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
Manufacturing shift
from China
6
Healthy GDP Growth Outlook for AFC Frontier Universe
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
Source: IMF
7.7
7.2 6.8 6.7
6.2
5.3 5.2
4.7 4.6
3.1
1.4
5.4
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Average GDP Growth Estimates (2017-2021)
7
A sizeable combined GDP which is equal to or larger than some emerging and developed economies.
This is backed by an outlook for stable GDP growth rates.
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Source: IMF
5.7%
5.4% 5.1%
3.3% 3.1%
2.5%
1.4%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
Emerging
Asia
AFC
Universe
Sub
Saharan
Africa
MENA Eastern
Europe
South &
Central
America
G7
Expected Average GDP Growth Rates (2017-2021)
1,404
1,073 1,064
941
736
638
391
0
400
800
1,200
1,600
Korea AFC
Universe
Mexico Indonesia Turkey Saudi
Arabia
Thailand
GDP Size as of 2016 (USD billion)
Source: IMF
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
8
Compared to Developed Markets, the AFC Frontier Universe has a much younger population
growing at a faster rate: This supports future economic growth and consumption
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
Source: United Nations Population Division.
AFC Frontier Universe – A Young and Growing Population
AFC Frontier Universe is supported by huge young population Developed Markets are not getting younger. AFC Frontier
Universe offer young and growing population
59%
39% 37%
33%
28%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
AFC
Universe
North
America
Northern
Europe
Western
Europe
Japan
% of Population below age of 30
25
38 40
44
47
1.5%
0.7%
0.6%
0.2%
-0.2%
-0.4%
0.0%
0.4%
0.8%
1.2%
1.6%
0
10
20
30
40
50
AFC
Universe
North
America
Northern
Europe
Western
Europe
Japan
Median Age and Population Growth
Median Age Population Growth
9AFC Asia Frontier Fund
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
The AFC Frontier Universe has a sizeable population which continues to grow
and will support future GDP growth
AFC Frontier Universe Combined Population: 583 million (as of 2015)
Source: IMF
32.6%
27.4%
15.7%
8.9%
6.0%
3.6%
2.7%
1.3%
1.2% 0.5% 0.1%
AFC Universe - Population Mix Pakistan
Bangladesh
Vietnam
Myanmar
Iraq
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Papua New
Guinea
Lao P.D.R.
Mongolia
Maldives
1,373
1,293
583
337 322
255 204
-
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
China India AFC
Universe
Euro
Area
United
States
Indonesia Brazil
Population (millions)
10AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Combination of young workforce and low wages is attracting manufacturing activities to Asian frontier
countries as wages in China increase and the workforce gets greater employment opportunities
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
The Shift from China
Source: China Statistical Bulletin, Wage Indicator Foundation, Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers & Exporters Association, General Statistics
Office of Vietnam
*Rebased to 100 (2003). RMG: Ready Made Garments
Wages in Asian Frontier countries are amongst the lowest in the region
Bangladesh and Vietnam are good examples of the shift of
manufacturing from China to neighboring countries
0
100
200
300
400
500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Bangladesh RMG & Vietnam Export Growth*
Bangladesh Vietnam
68
83
111 115
133
150
223
250 251 252
274
298
0
75
150
225
300
375
Monthly Minimum Wage (USD)
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
11AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Two Stock Exchanges:
- Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), started trading in 1956: USD 46 billion market cap, 329 shares
- Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE), started trading in 1995: USD 37.9 billion market cap, 265 shares
• Most of the shares traded in Chittagong are also listed in Dhaka
• 35 closed end funds are listed – all trading at discount (average 34%)
• A few corporate bonds and government bonds are also traded
• Foreigners can buy 100% of almost all companies., including land. Foreigners who invest USD 1 million or transfer USD 2 million to a recognized
bank can apply for Bangladeshi citizenship!
• We prefer the consumer staples and consumer discretionary sectors due to rising income levels and high growth of urbanisation.
• The fund’s biggest holding is Beximco Pharma whose GDR (listed in London) is trading at a 39% discount !
• Very bureaucratic – lot of hurdles for foreigners like a 10% capital gain tax, capital control.
• GDP of USD 227 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,404, Population of 162 million.
Bangladesh Bangladesh Dhaka Stock Exchange Broad Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
12AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• The Cambodian Securities Exchange started trading in 2012 (with the help of the Korea Stock Exchange)
• Currently 4 stocks listed (soon 5), Market cap of USD 188 million
• Investors need a “trading code” – very bureaucratic for a fund to receive (lack of understanding)
• Few Cambodian stocks listed outside – like Naga Corp (3918) in Hong Kong
• Foreigners cannot own land (except apartments above ground floor and <70% of a building) – similar to Thailand
• More than 90% of currency used is USD – ATMs in Cambodia dispense USD! KHR is “pegged” to USD at ~ 4,100
• Tourism is a big growth driver for the country with 5 million tourist arrivals in 2016 and accounted for ~17% of GDP.
• Garment manufacturing is also a growth area with many Chinese and Taiwanese garment producers relocating or expanding capacity in
Cambodia.
• GDP of USD 19.4 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,228, Population of 16 million.
Cambodia Cambodia Stock Exchange Composite Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
13AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Trading started in 1991 but trading stopped for 15 month in 2003/2004 due to Iraq war II
• ISX in Baghdad: USD 10.6 billion market cap, 80 stocks listed – but no oil stocks
• AFC Iraq Fund holds 14 stocks – 12 stocks are listed in Iraq, each 1 in Norway and UK
• Another stock exchange is planed in Erbil – Kurdistan province (North)
• Local government bond market is dominated by banks (instead of lending to corporates)
• Foreigners can own 100% of the company in most sectors (except oil & gas). Capital controls for foreigners. Investors need a trading code.
• Iraq is recovering from conflict and the market can pose a rebound from its bottom.
• GDP of USD 156 billion, GDP per capita of USD 4,696, Population of 36 million.
Iraq Iraq Stock Exchange General Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
14AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Trading started in 2011 at LSX (with assistance of South Korea). 5 stocks listed, market cap USD 1,3 billion, 2 more IPOs expected later this
year
• Communist country – very difficult to invest for foreigners as of today. Foreigners can only lease land from the government.
• All 5 stocks have foreign ownership limits (EDL: 25%, BCEL: 10%) but foreign can set up 100% owned companies if the sector is open.
• Local banks pay high interest for deposits: for example 2 years: 4.9% in USD or 6.84 for LAK
• LAK is “fixed” to USD at ~ 8,200
• Laos is strong in hydropower generation and this sector holds a lot of potential and Laos can become a regional supplier of power.
• The country has a strong agricultural base as well which accounts for 33% of GDP.
• GDP of USD 14 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,921, Population of 7 million.
Laos Laos Securities Exchange Composite Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
15AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Secondary trading started in 1995. Every Mongolian citizen received vouchers to exchange into shares of previously 475 government
owned companies.
• 196 listed companies, market cap USD 599 million. Many resources companies are listed abroad like HK, Australia, Canada and US.
• Average daily turnover in December 2016 was USD 7,000. In 2007 the stock market was up 400%.
• MNT Government bonds are trading at the exchange too: yield ~ 15%, a few unlisted corporate bonds
• Foreigners can own 100% of almost any sectors. Land ownership is complicated though.
• Mongolia is extremely resource rich (gold, copper, coal) and is still to fully tap its potential.
• The recent IMF agreement as well as the restart of the important Oyu Tolgoi “OT” project is a positive and the economy seems to be
turning around.
• GDP of 11 billion, GDP per capita of USD 3,704, Population of 3 million – double the size of France
Mongolia Mongolia Stock Exchange Top 20 Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
16AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Stock trading goes back to 1930 when British and American stocks were traded – but was halted from 1962 onwards.
• YSX started trading 25th March 2016, 4 stocks listed. Market cap USD 512 million. A few more stocks listed in Singapore and London
• Foreigners today cannot invest on the YSX.
• Since 1st April 2017 new foreign investment law. Foreigners can now own 100% of a company. However foreigners can only lease land
(typically 50 years) or through a JV.
• One of the last few untapped markets with huge potential and favourable demographics.
• Myanmar is also attracting garment related industries and could become a manufacturing hub for garments in the future.
• GDP of 68 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,307, Population of 52 million.
Myanmar Myanmar Stock Price Index
17AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Trading started in 1949 and on 11th January 2016 Pakistan Stock Exchange “PSX” was created through a merger of the Karachi, Lahore and
Islamabad Exchange.
• Market cap of USD 98 billion, 572 listed shares + various Government bonds. Share futures (shorting). Few GDRs (illiquid)
• Upgrade from MSCI Frontier Index to MSCI Emerging Index in June 2017
• Foreigners can own 100% of most sectors except airlines, banks and media.
• China Pakistan Economic Corridor “CPEC” can lead to sustained economic growth. ~US$ 60 billion in infrastructure investments committed.
• Improving security situation which adds to economic prospects and helps with consumer spending.
• Misunderstood market given the negative press – but a large consumer market with a population of ~194 million.
• We currently like the auto sector and consumer discretionary sector due to low interest rates, improving law and order and under penetrated
consumer markets.
• GDP of USD 271 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,428, Population of 194 million.
Pakistan Karachi Stock Exchange KSE100 Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
18AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Trading started in 1999
• Market cap of USD 21.8 billion, 15 listings – 8 dual listings like Newcrest Mining and Oil Search. Market cap without dual listing: USD 1.7
billion (USD 1.4 billion Bank BSP)
• Treasury bills, a few government bonds and corporate bonds are available. 364 days treasury bill yield: 7.79%
• Foreigners are not allowed to own freehold land. Leases are typically 50 to 99 years.
• Papua New Guinea offers resource potential (oil, gas, copper, gold) and Exxon Mobil and its partners have invested USD 19 billion in aLNG
project.
• Agriculture is also an important sector which contributes 32% of GDP.
• GDP of USD 20 billion, GDP per capita of USD 2,517, Population of 8 million.
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Stock Exchange Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
19AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Stock trading goes back to 1896. Market cap is USD 19.3 billion and 289 shares are traded.
• 279 local LKR bonds are traded at the exchange: yield between 10% and 15%
• Foreigner cannot own freehold land (anymore) – apartments on or above 4th floor
• Sri Lanka is strategically located in the region and is becoming a transhipment hub. Majority of cargo handled in Colombo is for
transhipment to India.
• Given it’s location, Sri Lanka is an important part of China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative and is benefitting from Chinese
investments in the infrastructure sector.
• GDP of 82 billion, GDP per capita of USD 3,870, Population of 21 million.
Sri Lanka Colombo Stock Exchange All Share Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
20AFC Asia Frontier Fund
• Vietnam has 3 stock exchanges: HCMC, Hanoi and UPCoM, 1,231 listings (no double listings), market cap USD 103 billion
• Government bonds and local bonds are also traded. Futures and options to start trading in May 2017 ?
• Foreigners could own up to 100%, except banks (20%) but… Registration for ID for funds is “cumbersome”
• Foreigners can own up to 30% of apartments in a building or 10% of houses in a “Ward “
• Vietnam is becoming a hub for low cost manufacturing given lower wages. Samsung now manufactures ~50% of its mobile phones in the
country.
• Given the growth of manufacturing and FDI, we like infrastructure related companies and due to rising income levels we also like the
consumer discretionary and real estate related companies.
• GDP of 200 billion, GDP per capita of USD 2,164, Population of 93 million.
Vietnam Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Stock Index
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
21AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Bhutan
• Market cap of USD 383 million.
• 21 listings.
• GDP of USD 2 billion.
• GDP per capita of USD 2,674.
• Population of 0.8 million
Other Potential Markets
Maldives
• Market cap of USD 546 million.
• 7 listings.
• GDP of USD 3.4 billion.
• GDP per capita of USD 9,554.
• Population of 0.4 million.
Nepal
• Market cap of USD 16 billion.
• 221 listings.
• GDP of USD 21 billion.
• GDP per capita of USD 733.
• Population of 29 million.
COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
22AFC Asia Frontier Fund
More info on:
www.asiafrontiercapital.com/country-universe.html
23AFC Asia Frontier Fund
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
Low Market Cap/GDP relative to Emerging Markets Offers Value
Source: Bloomberg, Asia Frontier Capital
3% 6% 8%
19% 22%
28%
32%
39% 39% 40% 43%
69%
74%
82% 83%
102%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Market Cap. as % of GDP - Asian Frontier v/s Emerging Markets
24AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Source: Bloomberg. P/E is based on Trailing 12 Months and P/B is latest reporting period.
Select Asian Frontier Markets Valuations
Country Index P/E (x) P/B (x)
Dividend
Yield (%)
Pakistan KSE100 10.9 2.1 4.1
Laos LSXC 11.5 0.9 6.3
Sri Lanka CSEALL Share 12.3 1.3 3.0
Vietnam VNINDEX 15.7 2.2 2.9
Emerging and Developed Markets Valuations
Country Index P/E (x) P/B (x)
Dividend
Yield (%)
Thailand SET 16.3 1.9 3.2
Malaysia FBMKLCI 17.5 1.8 3.1
USA Dow 18.5 3.5 2.3
South Africa JSE All Share 19.6 2.0 2.8
Japan Nikkei 19.6 1.8 1.7
Korea KOSPI 21.5 1.0 1.6
Philippines PCOMP 21.6 2.5 1.7
India BSE SENSEX 22.2 2.8 1.3
Indonesia JCI 23.1 2.5 2.2
Source: Bloomberg. P/E is based on Trailing 12 Months and P/B is latest reporting period.
Asian frontier markets are attractively valued relative to emerging and developed markets
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
25AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Source: Bloomberg.
Asian frontier markets are INVESTABLE
Liquidity and number of listings is similar to or also superior to other emerging and
frontier markets
Source: Bloomberg.
403
148 138 130
108
88
66 65
17 15 8 8 6 5
-
100
200
300
400
Daily Average Liquidity over past 12 months (USD million)
1,231
572 541
408
329 289 272 260 214 179
104 74 65 49
-
300
600
900
1,200
Number of listings on the exchange
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
26
Asian frontier stock markets show a low correlation to global markets as they are
under researched relative to larger emerging markets
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
Source: Bloomberg. *Based on 5 years monthly data
-0.33
-0.09
0.01
0.11
0.20
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.47
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
Correlation with the MSCI World Index
DSEX Index (Bangladesh)
ISXGI Index (Iraq)
CSX Index (Cambodia)
MSETOP Index (Mongolia)
LSXC Index (Laos)
VH Index (Vietnam)
CSEALL Index (Sri Lanka)
KSE100 Index (Pakistan)
VN Index (Vietnam)
WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
27AFC Asia Frontier Fund
COUNTRY ALLOCATION
26.1%
24.7%
17.8%
12.6%
4.0% 3.6% 2.8%
1.6% 1.1% 0.3%
5.4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Country Allocation – 30th April 2017
28AFC Asia Frontier Fund
SECTOR ALLOCATION
18.2%
15.1% 14.5%
11.9% 11.5%
10.6%
4.4%
3.6%
2.1%
1.4% 1.3%
5.4%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Sector Allocation – 30th April 2017
29
ASIA FRONTIER CAPITAL LTD.
Thomas Hugger, CEO and Fund Manager, Hong Kong
Email: th@asiafrontiercapital.com
Tel: +852 3904 1015, Fax: +852 3904 1017
Peter de Vries, Marketing Director, Hong Kong
Email: pdv@asiafrontiercapital.com
Tel: +852 3904 1079, Fax: +852 3904 1017
Website: www.asiafrontiercapital.com
Registered Office:
c/o Intertrust Cayman Islands, 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town
Grand Cayman KY1-9007, Cayman Islands
Hong Kong Office:
Asia Frontier Investments Limited
905, 9th Floor, Loon Kee Building, 267-275 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong
AFC Asia Frontier Fund
CONTACT INFORMATION
Asia Frontier Investments Limited is licensed by SFC Hong Kong for Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management)
*The representative of the Fund in Switzerland is Hugo Fund Services SA, 6 Cours de Rive, 1204 Geneva. The distribution of Shares
in Switzerland must exclusively be made to qualified investors. The place of performance and jurisdiction for Shares in the Fund
distributed in Switzerland are at the registered office of the Representative.
This Presentation is presented solely for purposes of discussion to assist prospective investors in determining whether they have a preliminary interest in the investment opportunity described herein. Under no
circumstances is it to be used or considered as an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any security or other interest in AFC Asia Frontier Fund, AFC Umbrella Fund or any other fund related thereto (the
“Fund”). Offers and sales of interests in the Fund will not be registered under the laws of any jurisdiction and will be made solely to qualified investors under all applicable laws. Potential investors must read the entire
Offering Memorandum delivered by the Fund and the disclosure in this Subscription Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to be binding against, or to create any obligations or commitment on the
part of, any potential investor or the Asia Frontier Capital (the “Fund Sponsors”). The Fund Sponsors reserve the right, in their sole and absolute discretion with or without notice, to alter the terms or conditions of this
Presentation and the Fund and/or to alter or terminate the potential investment opportunity described herein. Potential investors are not to construe this Presentation as investment, legal or tax advice. Prior to
making any potential investment, potential investors should consult with their own legal, investment, accounting, regulatory, tax and other advisors to determine the consequences of the potential investment
opportunity described herein and to arrive at an independent evaluation of such potential investment opportunity.
By accepting this Presentation, the recipient agrees not to copy, distribute, discuss or otherwise disclose this Presentation or the contents hereof (including the potential investment opportunity described) or any
other related information provided by the Fund Sponsors or by its agents to any person other than employees of recipient evaluating this potential investment opportunity on recipient’s behalf without the prior written
consent of the Fund Sponsors.
While the information contained herein has been obtained from various sources which the Fund Sponsors believe, but does not guarantee, to be reliable, the Fund Sponsors do not represent that it is accurate or
complete and it should not be relied upon as such. No person has been authorized to give any information or make any representation or warranty regarding the subject matter hereof, either express or implied, and,
if given or made in this Presentation, in other materials or verbally, such information, representation or warranty cannot and should not be relied upon nor is any representation or warranty made as to the accuracy,
content, suitability or completeness of the information, analysis or conclusions or any information furnished in connection herewith contained in this Presentation and it is not to be relied upon as a substitute for
independent review of the underlying documents, available due diligence information and such other information as prospective investors may deem appropriate or prudent to review. The Fund Sponsors, their
agents, their respective affiliates, and each of their respective shareholders, members, officers, directors, managers, employees, counsel, advisors, consultants and agents (“Representatives”), expressly disclaim any
and all liability for express or implied representations or warranties that may be contained in, or for omissions from or inaccuracies in, this Presentation or any other oral or written communication transmitted or made
available to a prospective investor or its Representatives. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, nothing contained herein is or shall be relied upon as a promise or representation as to any matter, including,
without limitation, the future performance of the potential investment opportunity described herein. None of the Fund Sponsors, their agents, or their respective Representatives is under any obligation to correct any
inaccuracies or omissions in this Presentation. Each prospective investor will have the sole responsibility for verifying the accuracy of all information furnished in this Presentation and in any other due diligence
information furnished to a prospective investor, and each prospective investor shall have the sole responsibility for determining the value of the potential investment based on assumptions said prospective investor
believes to be reasonable. There shall be no recourse against the Fund Sponsors or any of their Representatives in the event of any errors or omissions in the information furnished, the methodology used, the
calculations of values or conclusions. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any historical information or information based on past performance included herein is for informational purposes only, has
inherent limitations and is not intended to be a representation, warranty or guarantee of future performance. All of the information presented herein is subject to change without notice. Actual returns to potential
investors may be lower than the figures shown herein. Projected performance data shown constitutes “forward-looking information” which is based on numerous assumptions and is speculative in nature. Actual
results may vary significantly from the values and rates of return projected herein. There can no assurance that the Fund will realize its rate of return objectives or return of investors’ capital. Potential investors should
have the financial ability and willingness to accept the risks (including without limitation the risk of loss and lack of liquidity) characteristic of investments in entities such as the Fund.
AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND WILL NOT BE APPROPRIATE FOR ALL INVESTORS. INTERESTS IN THE FUND WILL INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND ARE INTENDED FOR SALE ONLY TO
SOPHISTICATED INVESTORS WHO ARE CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING AND ASSUMING THE RISKS INVOLVED. INVESTORS MAY LOSE ALL OR SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF THEIR INVESTMENT.
THE INTERESTS IN THE FUND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), OR THE APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY
US. STATE OR ANY NON-U.S. JURISDICTION, AND ARE BEING OFFERED AND SOLD IN RELIANCE ON EXEMPTIONS FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND ANY
SUCH APPLICABLE LAWS. INTERESTS IN THE FUND HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE US. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR BY THE SECURITIES REGULATORY
AUTHORITY OF ANY STATE OR ANY OTHER RELEVANT JURISDICTION, NOR HAS ANY OTHER AUTHORITY OR COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS MEMORANDUM.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL.
*The representative of the Fund in Switzerland is Hugo Fund Services SA, 6 Cours de Rive, 1204 Geneva. The distribution of Shares in Switzerland must exclusively be made to qualified investors. The place of
performance and jurisdiction for Shares in the Fund distributed in Switzerland are at the registered office of the Representative.
** The Fund is registered for sale to investors in Japan, Switzerland (qualified investors), Hong Kong & UK (professional investors), Singapore (accredited investors) and USA (accredited investors and qualified
purchasers).
** By accessing information contained herein, users are deemed to be representing and warranting that they are either a Hong Kong Professional Investor or are observing the applicable laws and regulations of their
relevant jurisdictions.
30AFC Asia Frontier Fund
DISCLAIMER

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Asia Frontier Capital Presentation - Asian Frontier Stock Markets

  • 1. CONFIDENTIAL AFC Asia Frontier Fund September 2013 Asian Frontier Markets May 2017
  • 2. 2 Proven Expertise In Frontier Markets • Asia Frontier Capital Limited was created in June 2013 through a MBO from Leopard Capital – a PE fund manager focusing on frontier markets • The founder and CEO, Thomas Hugger, has more than 20 years experience in investing in Frontier Markets • Licensed by SFC Hong Kong for Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management) Asia Frontier Capital Offers Three Funds • AFC Asia Frontier Fund – Launched 30th March 2012 • AFC Vietnam Fund – Launched 23rd December 2013 • AFC Iraq Fund – Launched 26th June 2015 AFC Asia Frontier Fund INTRODUCING ASIA FRONTIER CAPITAL
  • 3. 3AFC Asia Frontier Fund INTRODUCING ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
  • 4. 4AFC Asia Frontier Fund WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS AFC Asia Frontier Fund Universe Bangladesh Cambodia Iraq Laos Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Pakistan Papua New Guinea Sri Lanka Vietnam
  • 5. 5 Excellent upside potential due to high GDP growth Low Correlation and Diversification at attractive Valuations Increasing Consumption Favourable Demographics AFC Asia Frontier Fund WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS Manufacturing shift from China
  • 6. 6 Healthy GDP Growth Outlook for AFC Frontier Universe AFC Asia Frontier Fund WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS Source: IMF 7.7 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.2 5.3 5.2 4.7 4.6 3.1 1.4 5.4 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Average GDP Growth Estimates (2017-2021)
  • 7. 7 A sizeable combined GDP which is equal to or larger than some emerging and developed economies. This is backed by an outlook for stable GDP growth rates. AFC Asia Frontier Fund Source: IMF 5.7% 5.4% 5.1% 3.3% 3.1% 2.5% 1.4% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% Emerging Asia AFC Universe Sub Saharan Africa MENA Eastern Europe South & Central America G7 Expected Average GDP Growth Rates (2017-2021) 1,404 1,073 1,064 941 736 638 391 0 400 800 1,200 1,600 Korea AFC Universe Mexico Indonesia Turkey Saudi Arabia Thailand GDP Size as of 2016 (USD billion) Source: IMF WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
  • 8. 8 Compared to Developed Markets, the AFC Frontier Universe has a much younger population growing at a faster rate: This supports future economic growth and consumption AFC Asia Frontier Fund WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS Source: United Nations Population Division. AFC Frontier Universe – A Young and Growing Population AFC Frontier Universe is supported by huge young population Developed Markets are not getting younger. AFC Frontier Universe offer young and growing population 59% 39% 37% 33% 28% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% AFC Universe North America Northern Europe Western Europe Japan % of Population below age of 30 25 38 40 44 47 1.5% 0.7% 0.6% 0.2% -0.2% -0.4% 0.0% 0.4% 0.8% 1.2% 1.6% 0 10 20 30 40 50 AFC Universe North America Northern Europe Western Europe Japan Median Age and Population Growth Median Age Population Growth
  • 9. 9AFC Asia Frontier Fund WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS The AFC Frontier Universe has a sizeable population which continues to grow and will support future GDP growth AFC Frontier Universe Combined Population: 583 million (as of 2015) Source: IMF 32.6% 27.4% 15.7% 8.9% 6.0% 3.6% 2.7% 1.3% 1.2% 0.5% 0.1% AFC Universe - Population Mix Pakistan Bangladesh Vietnam Myanmar Iraq Sri Lanka Cambodia Papua New Guinea Lao P.D.R. Mongolia Maldives 1,373 1,293 583 337 322 255 204 - 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 China India AFC Universe Euro Area United States Indonesia Brazil Population (millions)
  • 10. 10AFC Asia Frontier Fund Combination of young workforce and low wages is attracting manufacturing activities to Asian frontier countries as wages in China increase and the workforce gets greater employment opportunities WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS The Shift from China Source: China Statistical Bulletin, Wage Indicator Foundation, Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers & Exporters Association, General Statistics Office of Vietnam *Rebased to 100 (2003). RMG: Ready Made Garments Wages in Asian Frontier countries are amongst the lowest in the region Bangladesh and Vietnam are good examples of the shift of manufacturing from China to neighboring countries 0 100 200 300 400 500 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Bangladesh RMG & Vietnam Export Growth* Bangladesh Vietnam 68 83 111 115 133 150 223 250 251 252 274 298 0 75 150 225 300 375 Monthly Minimum Wage (USD)
  • 11. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 11AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Two Stock Exchanges: - Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), started trading in 1956: USD 46 billion market cap, 329 shares - Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE), started trading in 1995: USD 37.9 billion market cap, 265 shares • Most of the shares traded in Chittagong are also listed in Dhaka • 35 closed end funds are listed – all trading at discount (average 34%) • A few corporate bonds and government bonds are also traded • Foreigners can buy 100% of almost all companies., including land. Foreigners who invest USD 1 million or transfer USD 2 million to a recognized bank can apply for Bangladeshi citizenship! • We prefer the consumer staples and consumer discretionary sectors due to rising income levels and high growth of urbanisation. • The fund’s biggest holding is Beximco Pharma whose GDR (listed in London) is trading at a 39% discount ! • Very bureaucratic – lot of hurdles for foreigners like a 10% capital gain tax, capital control. • GDP of USD 227 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,404, Population of 162 million. Bangladesh Bangladesh Dhaka Stock Exchange Broad Index
  • 12. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 12AFC Asia Frontier Fund • The Cambodian Securities Exchange started trading in 2012 (with the help of the Korea Stock Exchange) • Currently 4 stocks listed (soon 5), Market cap of USD 188 million • Investors need a “trading code” – very bureaucratic for a fund to receive (lack of understanding) • Few Cambodian stocks listed outside – like Naga Corp (3918) in Hong Kong • Foreigners cannot own land (except apartments above ground floor and <70% of a building) – similar to Thailand • More than 90% of currency used is USD – ATMs in Cambodia dispense USD! KHR is “pegged” to USD at ~ 4,100 • Tourism is a big growth driver for the country with 5 million tourist arrivals in 2016 and accounted for ~17% of GDP. • Garment manufacturing is also a growth area with many Chinese and Taiwanese garment producers relocating or expanding capacity in Cambodia. • GDP of USD 19.4 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,228, Population of 16 million. Cambodia Cambodia Stock Exchange Composite Index
  • 13. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 13AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Trading started in 1991 but trading stopped for 15 month in 2003/2004 due to Iraq war II • ISX in Baghdad: USD 10.6 billion market cap, 80 stocks listed – but no oil stocks • AFC Iraq Fund holds 14 stocks – 12 stocks are listed in Iraq, each 1 in Norway and UK • Another stock exchange is planed in Erbil – Kurdistan province (North) • Local government bond market is dominated by banks (instead of lending to corporates) • Foreigners can own 100% of the company in most sectors (except oil & gas). Capital controls for foreigners. Investors need a trading code. • Iraq is recovering from conflict and the market can pose a rebound from its bottom. • GDP of USD 156 billion, GDP per capita of USD 4,696, Population of 36 million. Iraq Iraq Stock Exchange General Index
  • 14. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 14AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Trading started in 2011 at LSX (with assistance of South Korea). 5 stocks listed, market cap USD 1,3 billion, 2 more IPOs expected later this year • Communist country – very difficult to invest for foreigners as of today. Foreigners can only lease land from the government. • All 5 stocks have foreign ownership limits (EDL: 25%, BCEL: 10%) but foreign can set up 100% owned companies if the sector is open. • Local banks pay high interest for deposits: for example 2 years: 4.9% in USD or 6.84 for LAK • LAK is “fixed” to USD at ~ 8,200 • Laos is strong in hydropower generation and this sector holds a lot of potential and Laos can become a regional supplier of power. • The country has a strong agricultural base as well which accounts for 33% of GDP. • GDP of USD 14 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,921, Population of 7 million. Laos Laos Securities Exchange Composite Index
  • 15. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 15AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Secondary trading started in 1995. Every Mongolian citizen received vouchers to exchange into shares of previously 475 government owned companies. • 196 listed companies, market cap USD 599 million. Many resources companies are listed abroad like HK, Australia, Canada and US. • Average daily turnover in December 2016 was USD 7,000. In 2007 the stock market was up 400%. • MNT Government bonds are trading at the exchange too: yield ~ 15%, a few unlisted corporate bonds • Foreigners can own 100% of almost any sectors. Land ownership is complicated though. • Mongolia is extremely resource rich (gold, copper, coal) and is still to fully tap its potential. • The recent IMF agreement as well as the restart of the important Oyu Tolgoi “OT” project is a positive and the economy seems to be turning around. • GDP of 11 billion, GDP per capita of USD 3,704, Population of 3 million – double the size of France Mongolia Mongolia Stock Exchange Top 20 Index
  • 16. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 16AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Stock trading goes back to 1930 when British and American stocks were traded – but was halted from 1962 onwards. • YSX started trading 25th March 2016, 4 stocks listed. Market cap USD 512 million. A few more stocks listed in Singapore and London • Foreigners today cannot invest on the YSX. • Since 1st April 2017 new foreign investment law. Foreigners can now own 100% of a company. However foreigners can only lease land (typically 50 years) or through a JV. • One of the last few untapped markets with huge potential and favourable demographics. • Myanmar is also attracting garment related industries and could become a manufacturing hub for garments in the future. • GDP of 68 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,307, Population of 52 million. Myanmar Myanmar Stock Price Index
  • 17. 17AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Trading started in 1949 and on 11th January 2016 Pakistan Stock Exchange “PSX” was created through a merger of the Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Exchange. • Market cap of USD 98 billion, 572 listed shares + various Government bonds. Share futures (shorting). Few GDRs (illiquid) • Upgrade from MSCI Frontier Index to MSCI Emerging Index in June 2017 • Foreigners can own 100% of most sectors except airlines, banks and media. • China Pakistan Economic Corridor “CPEC” can lead to sustained economic growth. ~US$ 60 billion in infrastructure investments committed. • Improving security situation which adds to economic prospects and helps with consumer spending. • Misunderstood market given the negative press – but a large consumer market with a population of ~194 million. • We currently like the auto sector and consumer discretionary sector due to low interest rates, improving law and order and under penetrated consumer markets. • GDP of USD 271 billion, GDP per capita of USD 1,428, Population of 194 million. Pakistan Karachi Stock Exchange KSE100 Index COUNTRY SNAPSHOT
  • 18. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 18AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Trading started in 1999 • Market cap of USD 21.8 billion, 15 listings – 8 dual listings like Newcrest Mining and Oil Search. Market cap without dual listing: USD 1.7 billion (USD 1.4 billion Bank BSP) • Treasury bills, a few government bonds and corporate bonds are available. 364 days treasury bill yield: 7.79% • Foreigners are not allowed to own freehold land. Leases are typically 50 to 99 years. • Papua New Guinea offers resource potential (oil, gas, copper, gold) and Exxon Mobil and its partners have invested USD 19 billion in aLNG project. • Agriculture is also an important sector which contributes 32% of GDP. • GDP of USD 20 billion, GDP per capita of USD 2,517, Population of 8 million. Papua New Guinea Port Moresby Stock Exchange Index
  • 19. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 19AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Stock trading goes back to 1896. Market cap is USD 19.3 billion and 289 shares are traded. • 279 local LKR bonds are traded at the exchange: yield between 10% and 15% • Foreigner cannot own freehold land (anymore) – apartments on or above 4th floor • Sri Lanka is strategically located in the region and is becoming a transhipment hub. Majority of cargo handled in Colombo is for transhipment to India. • Given it’s location, Sri Lanka is an important part of China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative and is benefitting from Chinese investments in the infrastructure sector. • GDP of 82 billion, GDP per capita of USD 3,870, Population of 21 million. Sri Lanka Colombo Stock Exchange All Share Index
  • 20. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 20AFC Asia Frontier Fund • Vietnam has 3 stock exchanges: HCMC, Hanoi and UPCoM, 1,231 listings (no double listings), market cap USD 103 billion • Government bonds and local bonds are also traded. Futures and options to start trading in May 2017 ? • Foreigners could own up to 100%, except banks (20%) but… Registration for ID for funds is “cumbersome” • Foreigners can own up to 30% of apartments in a building or 10% of houses in a “Ward “ • Vietnam is becoming a hub for low cost manufacturing given lower wages. Samsung now manufactures ~50% of its mobile phones in the country. • Given the growth of manufacturing and FDI, we like infrastructure related companies and due to rising income levels we also like the consumer discretionary and real estate related companies. • GDP of 200 billion, GDP per capita of USD 2,164, Population of 93 million. Vietnam Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Stock Index
  • 21. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 21AFC Asia Frontier Fund Bhutan • Market cap of USD 383 million. • 21 listings. • GDP of USD 2 billion. • GDP per capita of USD 2,674. • Population of 0.8 million Other Potential Markets Maldives • Market cap of USD 546 million. • 7 listings. • GDP of USD 3.4 billion. • GDP per capita of USD 9,554. • Population of 0.4 million. Nepal • Market cap of USD 16 billion. • 221 listings. • GDP of USD 21 billion. • GDP per capita of USD 733. • Population of 29 million.
  • 22. COUNTRY SNAPSHOT 22AFC Asia Frontier Fund More info on: www.asiafrontiercapital.com/country-universe.html
  • 23. 23AFC Asia Frontier Fund WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS Low Market Cap/GDP relative to Emerging Markets Offers Value Source: Bloomberg, Asia Frontier Capital 3% 6% 8% 19% 22% 28% 32% 39% 39% 40% 43% 69% 74% 82% 83% 102% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Market Cap. as % of GDP - Asian Frontier v/s Emerging Markets
  • 24. 24AFC Asia Frontier Fund Source: Bloomberg. P/E is based on Trailing 12 Months and P/B is latest reporting period. Select Asian Frontier Markets Valuations Country Index P/E (x) P/B (x) Dividend Yield (%) Pakistan KSE100 10.9 2.1 4.1 Laos LSXC 11.5 0.9 6.3 Sri Lanka CSEALL Share 12.3 1.3 3.0 Vietnam VNINDEX 15.7 2.2 2.9 Emerging and Developed Markets Valuations Country Index P/E (x) P/B (x) Dividend Yield (%) Thailand SET 16.3 1.9 3.2 Malaysia FBMKLCI 17.5 1.8 3.1 USA Dow 18.5 3.5 2.3 South Africa JSE All Share 19.6 2.0 2.8 Japan Nikkei 19.6 1.8 1.7 Korea KOSPI 21.5 1.0 1.6 Philippines PCOMP 21.6 2.5 1.7 India BSE SENSEX 22.2 2.8 1.3 Indonesia JCI 23.1 2.5 2.2 Source: Bloomberg. P/E is based on Trailing 12 Months and P/B is latest reporting period. Asian frontier markets are attractively valued relative to emerging and developed markets WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
  • 25. 25AFC Asia Frontier Fund Source: Bloomberg. Asian frontier markets are INVESTABLE Liquidity and number of listings is similar to or also superior to other emerging and frontier markets Source: Bloomberg. 403 148 138 130 108 88 66 65 17 15 8 8 6 5 - 100 200 300 400 Daily Average Liquidity over past 12 months (USD million) 1,231 572 541 408 329 289 272 260 214 179 104 74 65 49 - 300 600 900 1,200 Number of listings on the exchange WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
  • 26. 26 Asian frontier stock markets show a low correlation to global markets as they are under researched relative to larger emerging markets AFC Asia Frontier Fund Source: Bloomberg. *Based on 5 years monthly data -0.33 -0.09 0.01 0.11 0.20 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.47 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 Correlation with the MSCI World Index DSEX Index (Bangladesh) ISXGI Index (Iraq) CSX Index (Cambodia) MSETOP Index (Mongolia) LSXC Index (Laos) VH Index (Vietnam) CSEALL Index (Sri Lanka) KSE100 Index (Pakistan) VN Index (Vietnam) WHY ASIAN FRONTIER MARKETS
  • 27. 27AFC Asia Frontier Fund COUNTRY ALLOCATION 26.1% 24.7% 17.8% 12.6% 4.0% 3.6% 2.8% 1.6% 1.1% 0.3% 5.4% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Country Allocation – 30th April 2017
  • 28. 28AFC Asia Frontier Fund SECTOR ALLOCATION 18.2% 15.1% 14.5% 11.9% 11.5% 10.6% 4.4% 3.6% 2.1% 1.4% 1.3% 5.4% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Sector Allocation – 30th April 2017
  • 29. 29 ASIA FRONTIER CAPITAL LTD. Thomas Hugger, CEO and Fund Manager, Hong Kong Email: th@asiafrontiercapital.com Tel: +852 3904 1015, Fax: +852 3904 1017 Peter de Vries, Marketing Director, Hong Kong Email: pdv@asiafrontiercapital.com Tel: +852 3904 1079, Fax: +852 3904 1017 Website: www.asiafrontiercapital.com Registered Office: c/o Intertrust Cayman Islands, 190 Elgin Avenue, George Town Grand Cayman KY1-9007, Cayman Islands Hong Kong Office: Asia Frontier Investments Limited 905, 9th Floor, Loon Kee Building, 267-275 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong AFC Asia Frontier Fund CONTACT INFORMATION Asia Frontier Investments Limited is licensed by SFC Hong Kong for Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management) *The representative of the Fund in Switzerland is Hugo Fund Services SA, 6 Cours de Rive, 1204 Geneva. The distribution of Shares in Switzerland must exclusively be made to qualified investors. The place of performance and jurisdiction for Shares in the Fund distributed in Switzerland are at the registered office of the Representative.
  • 30. This Presentation is presented solely for purposes of discussion to assist prospective investors in determining whether they have a preliminary interest in the investment opportunity described herein. Under no circumstances is it to be used or considered as an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any security or other interest in AFC Asia Frontier Fund, AFC Umbrella Fund or any other fund related thereto (the “Fund”). Offers and sales of interests in the Fund will not be registered under the laws of any jurisdiction and will be made solely to qualified investors under all applicable laws. Potential investors must read the entire Offering Memorandum delivered by the Fund and the disclosure in this Subscription Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to be binding against, or to create any obligations or commitment on the part of, any potential investor or the Asia Frontier Capital (the “Fund Sponsors”). The Fund Sponsors reserve the right, in their sole and absolute discretion with or without notice, to alter the terms or conditions of this Presentation and the Fund and/or to alter or terminate the potential investment opportunity described herein. Potential investors are not to construe this Presentation as investment, legal or tax advice. Prior to making any potential investment, potential investors should consult with their own legal, investment, accounting, regulatory, tax and other advisors to determine the consequences of the potential investment opportunity described herein and to arrive at an independent evaluation of such potential investment opportunity. By accepting this Presentation, the recipient agrees not to copy, distribute, discuss or otherwise disclose this Presentation or the contents hereof (including the potential investment opportunity described) or any other related information provided by the Fund Sponsors or by its agents to any person other than employees of recipient evaluating this potential investment opportunity on recipient’s behalf without the prior written consent of the Fund Sponsors. While the information contained herein has been obtained from various sources which the Fund Sponsors believe, but does not guarantee, to be reliable, the Fund Sponsors do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. No person has been authorized to give any information or make any representation or warranty regarding the subject matter hereof, either express or implied, and, if given or made in this Presentation, in other materials or verbally, such information, representation or warranty cannot and should not be relied upon nor is any representation or warranty made as to the accuracy, content, suitability or completeness of the information, analysis or conclusions or any information furnished in connection herewith contained in this Presentation and it is not to be relied upon as a substitute for independent review of the underlying documents, available due diligence information and such other information as prospective investors may deem appropriate or prudent to review. The Fund Sponsors, their agents, their respective affiliates, and each of their respective shareholders, members, officers, directors, managers, employees, counsel, advisors, consultants and agents (“Representatives”), expressly disclaim any and all liability for express or implied representations or warranties that may be contained in, or for omissions from or inaccuracies in, this Presentation or any other oral or written communication transmitted or made available to a prospective investor or its Representatives. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, nothing contained herein is or shall be relied upon as a promise or representation as to any matter, including, without limitation, the future performance of the potential investment opportunity described herein. None of the Fund Sponsors, their agents, or their respective Representatives is under any obligation to correct any inaccuracies or omissions in this Presentation. Each prospective investor will have the sole responsibility for verifying the accuracy of all information furnished in this Presentation and in any other due diligence information furnished to a prospective investor, and each prospective investor shall have the sole responsibility for determining the value of the potential investment based on assumptions said prospective investor believes to be reasonable. There shall be no recourse against the Fund Sponsors or any of their Representatives in the event of any errors or omissions in the information furnished, the methodology used, the calculations of values or conclusions. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any historical information or information based on past performance included herein is for informational purposes only, has inherent limitations and is not intended to be a representation, warranty or guarantee of future performance. All of the information presented herein is subject to change without notice. Actual returns to potential investors may be lower than the figures shown herein. Projected performance data shown constitutes “forward-looking information” which is based on numerous assumptions and is speculative in nature. Actual results may vary significantly from the values and rates of return projected herein. There can no assurance that the Fund will realize its rate of return objectives or return of investors’ capital. Potential investors should have the financial ability and willingness to accept the risks (including without limitation the risk of loss and lack of liquidity) characteristic of investments in entities such as the Fund. AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND WILL NOT BE APPROPRIATE FOR ALL INVESTORS. INTERESTS IN THE FUND WILL INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND ARE INTENDED FOR SALE ONLY TO SOPHISTICATED INVESTORS WHO ARE CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING AND ASSUMING THE RISKS INVOLVED. INVESTORS MAY LOSE ALL OR SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF THEIR INVESTMENT. THE INTERESTS IN THE FUND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE U.S. SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), OR THE APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY US. STATE OR ANY NON-U.S. JURISDICTION, AND ARE BEING OFFERED AND SOLD IN RELIANCE ON EXEMPTIONS FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND ANY SUCH APPLICABLE LAWS. INTERESTS IN THE FUND HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE US. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR BY THE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF ANY STATE OR ANY OTHER RELEVANT JURISDICTION, NOR HAS ANY OTHER AUTHORITY OR COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS MEMORANDUM. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL. *The representative of the Fund in Switzerland is Hugo Fund Services SA, 6 Cours de Rive, 1204 Geneva. The distribution of Shares in Switzerland must exclusively be made to qualified investors. The place of performance and jurisdiction for Shares in the Fund distributed in Switzerland are at the registered office of the Representative. ** The Fund is registered for sale to investors in Japan, Switzerland (qualified investors), Hong Kong & UK (professional investors), Singapore (accredited investors) and USA (accredited investors and qualified purchasers). ** By accessing information contained herein, users are deemed to be representing and warranting that they are either a Hong Kong Professional Investor or are observing the applicable laws and regulations of their relevant jurisdictions. 30AFC Asia Frontier Fund DISCLAIMER