Combustion Engines Finland

2. © Wärtsilä
Batteries, storage, fuel cells and
hybrids
Patrick Baan
System integration & performance

3. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
3
• Large ocean going vessels can
consume 100-300 ton of HFO per
day...

4. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Internal combution piston engines efficiency
Fuelconsumption(/time)
Effective Power
Blue line – typical diesel cycle
behaviour
Red curve – typical otto cycle
behaviour
“Y=aX+b”
Smallest possible “powerplant”
results in lowest losses
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5. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Hybrid solutions: Replace
spinning reserve by ESS
(virtual generator), and
dimension or operate “power
plant” according average load
Power available
Power need
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6. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Hybrid system layout
Hybrid Energy System
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Fuel
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Batterie
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Fellowship I+II Fellowship III
AC grid
Fellowship III 2011-2014
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Fellowship IV 2015 -2017
Energery storage enable less engines in operation
• 15% yearly fuel reduction
• 20-30% reduction in emissions
• Reduced maintenance cost due to more stable operation and
reduced running hours
• Improved performance
Temporarly zero emission mode operation possible
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7. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Example: Dynamic positioning vessel DP3
When “failing” is not an
option a lot of reserve
power is kept immediately
available for just in case
Avarage load if done with
spinning reserve can be
as low as 15%!
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8. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Fuel cells – the basics
• Low temp. (<100 °C) or High temp. (600
to 800 °C)
• Efficiencies between 50 and 70%
• Can use a multiplicity of fuels:
Hydrogen
LNG
Biogas
Ammonia
Methanol
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9. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Several technologies exist
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10. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Efficiency
• High efficiency over a wide load
range
• Lifetime is influenced by thermal
stress  Stable load preferred
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11. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Cost
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
$/kW
Year
FC system cost $/kW
Depending on
volumes
• Cost development will depend on
volume demands
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12. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
Summary
• Batteries as energy carrier for ships are limited to short range and limited power
applications
• Replacing spinning reserve with instantly available power from batteries enables engines
to be operated at higher load enhancing overall operational efficiency, reduce emissions
and reduce maintenance cost
• Fuelcells have interesting features as power convertor. Price development will determine if
and when they will be a commercial viable alternative to piston engines.
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13. © Wärtsilä 4/16/2019
Engine technology seminar - batteryes, storagae, fuel cell and
hybrids
13