This document discusses health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Good health depends on factors like a healthy environment, economic conditions, and social harmony. Diseases are caused by pathogens, genetic disorders, pollution, and malnutrition. Diseases can be acute, chronic, infectious, or non-infectious. Infectious diseases spread through contact with infected individuals, while non-infectious diseases do not. The document outlines various infectious and non-infectious diseases and how they are transmitted. It also discusses principles of treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.

1. WHY DO WE FALL ILL

2. Introduction:
 Health in generally means free from illness/
disease, injury or pain/ lack of physical fitness
Health can be defined as a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being

3. Factors to achieve good health

5. Important characteristics of person having
good health:
 Free from sickness and diseases
 Free from unnecessary anxiety
 Free from social and psychological tensions
 Self confidence
 Feeling joy in living
 Ability to work efficiently and at its best

6. HEALTH AND ITS FAILURE
• Health is a state of physical, mental and social
well being.
Importance of good health are:-
1. Good physical and social environment
2. Good economic conditions
3. Social equality and harmony

7. HEALTHY DISEASE-FREE
It is a state of physical,
mental and social well-being.
It is a state of absence from
diseases.
It refers to the individual,
physical and social
Environment.
It refers only to the individual.
The individual has good health. The individual may have good
health or poor health.
They are spread through some
agency such as air, food,
contact, insects, etc.
They do not spread through
any agency.
Differences between ‘’Healthy’’ and ‘’Disease-free’’

8. DISEASE AND ITS CAUSES
When a person is affected by a disease either the
normal functioning or the appearance of one or more
systems of the body changes for the worse.
These changes give rise to signs of the disease called
symptoms.
On the basis of the
symptoms the physicians
look for the signs of a
particular disease and
conduct tests to confirm the
disease

9. TYPES OF DISEASES
1. Acute Diseases
2. Chronic Diseases
3.Non-Infectious/Non-Communicable
Diseases
4. Infectious/Communicable Diseases

10. ACUTE DISEASES
• Diseases which last only for a short period of time and
does not have long term effect on health.
Ex: Cough and Cold or Common Cold

12. Typhoid
Mode of transmission
Common Symptoms

13. CHRONIC DISEASES
• Diseases which lasts for a long time and has long term
drastic effect on health.
Ex: Elephantiasis

14. Tuberculosis of Lungs

15. Skin Cancer on Face

16. Infectious or Communicable diseases
• Diseases which spread from an infected person to a
healthy person through air, water, food, vectors,
physical contact or sexual contact.
Examples:
 Common cold
 Chicken pox
 Measles
 Typhoid
 Cholera
 Tuberculosis
 Malaria
 AIDS

17. Non-infectious or Non-Communicable
diseases
• Diseases which are not spread from an infected person
to a healthy person.
Examples:
 Beriberi
 Rickets
 Scurvy
 Night blindness
 Diabetes
 Cancer
 High B.P

18. Causes of Diseases
Pathogens like virus, bacteria, fungi,
protozoans or worms
Genetic disorders
Environmental pollution
Malfunctioning of body parts
Poor health and under nourishment

19. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• The diseases which spread from one
person to another easily are called
infectious diseases.
• Pathogens: The organisms which causes
diseases.
• Vector: The organisms which spread the
diseases.

21. NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
• The diseases which do not spread from
one person to another are called
non-infectious diseases.

22. • These are of following types:-
1. Deficiency – causes deficiency of nutrients
and hormones. E.g. diabetes , scurvy.
2. Allergic – when body is hypersensitive to
foreign elements. E.g. asthma
3. Cancer – uncontrolled growth of certain
tissues.
4. Mental disorder – depression, anxiety etc.
5. Addiction – alcohol, drugs.
6. Degenerative – malfunctioning of
important organs. E.g. heart diseases.

23. Infectious agents
Virus

24. Ringworm

25. Bacteria

26. Staphilococcus bacteria which causes Acne

28. Black Fever/Kala-Azar

29. Ascaris

30. MEANS OF
SPREAD OF
DISEASES

31. Through Air
• Common cold, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, etc.

32. Through Water
• Cholera, Amoebic dysentery, etc.

33. Through Vectors
Mosquitoes:- Malaria, Dengue, Yellow fever etc.
Flies:- Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Dysentry etc.

34. Through Sexual Contact
• Syphilis, AIDS.
• AIDS virus can also spread though blood transfusion.
• From infected mother to her baby during pregnancy
and also through breast feeding.

35. Contacts that do not spread AIDS
• AIDS is not a contagious disease & it does
not spread by casual contacts such as;
Shaking hands
Coughing and sneezing
Kissing and embracing
Sharing utensils and telephone
Swimming pools and toilets
Sharing towels
Blood sucking insects
Crowded transport

36. Animals to People
• Wash your hands after petting animals or touching
any surfaces they come into contact with.

37. Organ-specific and Tissue-specific Manifestation

38. PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
• The treatment of infectious diseases consists of
two steps. They are:
To reduce the effects of the disease (symptoms).
To kill the microbes which caused the disease.

40. PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION
• There are two ways of prevention of infectious
diseases. They are:
General ways
Specific ways