The document discusses strategies for living sustainably so there is a future for humanity in the 22nd century. It summarizes the ideas of several thinkers who argue that society needs to shift away from its exclusive focus on economic growth and prioritize other pillars of sustainability like culture, social equity and the environment. A fourth sector of open knowledge sharing is proposed to help address sustainability challenges through massive online collaboration.

1. 21cPlAyBoOk
PlAyBoOk for the 21st Century
Global open source collaboration
so there is a tomorrow.
v1.0 July, 2015
By Ted Ritzer

2. 21cPlAyBoOk
• The crazy idea of 21cPlAyBoOk is to try to
think of how humans on planet earth should
live, work and play so there is a 22nd century.

3. How Should We Live Now So There Is A 22nd Century
• The real point of this presentation is not to
provide answers, but to inspire asking the
question of humanity, how should we live so
there is a tomorrow?
• It is by asking the question and demanding an
answer that there is hope for tomorrow.
• Apathy is not an option for our species.

4. A New Way of Thinking
• If we humans are to stand a chance of
surviving into the 22nd century we have to
start thinking differently right now or there is
no tomorrow for our species.

5. The New Green?

6. Meaningful Experiences for a Meaningful Life?

7. Jon Hawke’s The Fourth Pillar of Sustainability
• Australian Jon Hawke’s work is worthy of our
consideration:
• Culture’s essential role in public planning
• http://www.culturaldevelopment.net.au/com
munity/Downloads/HawkesJon(2001)TheFour
thPillarOfSustainability.pdf

8. Hawke’s quote from page 25:
E C O L O G I C A L LY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
The four pillars of sustainability
‘Sustainability, as it has become formally adopted around the
world, has not one but three pillars:
• ecological sustainability,
• social sustainability and
• economic sustainability.
Some would argue that there should be four pillars and that
cultural sustainability should always be included. We agree
with this view.’
D. Yencken and D. Wilkinson

9. Hawke’s Four Pillars of Sustainability
• 1. Cultural Vitality: well-being, creativity,
diversity and innovation.
• 2. Social Equity: justice, engagement,
cohesion, welfare.
• 3. Environmental Responsibility: ecological
balance.
• Economic Vitality: material prosperity.

10. Hawke quote from page 3
• “Without delving too deeply into the mass of scholarly
literature that has developed around this word, two
inter-related definitions stand out. They are:
• the social production and transmission of identities,
meanings, knowledge, beliefs, values, aspirations,
memories, purposes, attitudes and understanding;
• the ‘way of life’ of a particular set of humans: customs,
faiths and conventions; codes of manners, dress,
cuisine, language, arts, science, technology, religion
and rituals; norms and regulations of behaviour,
traditions and institutions.”

11. Hawke quote from page 10
• “There is more to life than corporate profit
and that ways must be found to articulate and
measure the other-than-financial aspects of
human aspiration – to express community
values in ways that affect public planning. “

12. Hawke quote from page 21
PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT
• ‘To achieve “ecological growth” we may need
to move from an economy of production to an
economy of repair – of our damaged society,
of our damaged environment, even of our
used products. The Swedes call this the
“ecocyclic society”.’ B. Gleeson & N. Low

13. Hawke quote from page 21:
• “Growth, development and progress are concepts that
have informed western philosophies of public action
for centuries. They had become so ingrained into the
fabric that, until relatively recently, the question
‘towards what?’ was one that was rarely asked. Over
the past two decades, if the question had been asked,
the answer would have been something like ‘more
material prosperity’.
• The sustainability movement has been at the forefront
of the arguments proposing that this goal is not
achievable either on a global scale or in the long term.”

14. Developed or Developing
Is That All There Is?
• Hawke’s point about society’s focus on growth is
captured in the way we view the world as either
developed, or developing.
• That the whole world is committed to this type
of philosophy, without ever questioning the logic
of a philosophy that has resulted in negative
impacts at a planetary level!
• Hawke’ point is it is time to rethink our global
philosophy to shift to one that puts society in
sync with the physical limits of our planet is long
overdue.

15. No Sector Has All The Answers
• Author Jim Collins in his book “Good to Great
and the Social Sectors” was one of the first
authors to question the idea that the private
sector has all the answers.
Collins quote:
• “We must reject the idea-well intentioned, but
dead wrong-that the primary path to
greatness in the social sectors is to become
‘more like a business’.”

16. Put Meaning In Our Lives:
According to Collins :
Page 16: “Social sectors have one compelling advantage:
desperate craving for meaning in our lives….
• The number one resource for a great social sector
organization is having enough of the right people
willing to commit themselves to mission.
• The right people can often attract money, but money
by itself can never attract the right people. Money is a
commodity; talent is not.
• Time and talent can often compensate for lack of
money, but money cannot ever compensate for lack of
the right people.”

17. “Rebalancing Society”?
• Jim Collins is not the only person who is
questioning the societal models or assumptions
that we make that may in fact impede our ability
to create the future that we all want and need.
• Professor Henry Mintzberg over a period of five
years developed his own premise about what is
needed to create a new future in his new book
“Rebalancing Society”.
• http://www.mintzberg.org/sites/default/files/reb
alancing_society_pamphlet.pdf

18. “Rebalancing Society” Graphic
Source PDF cited earlier:

19. Beyond, Left, Right & Center
• Mintzberg in his “Rebalancing Society” book
makes a case for moving beyond politics to
solve the world’s problems
• Further Mintzberg proposes that no sector,
whether private, public or plural sector (the
not-for-profit sector) can independently solve
the world’s problems
• What is needed is collaboration between all
sectors at global scale.

20. Mintzberg quote from page 12:
• “This pamphlet challenges the dogma that
sees us all driven to compete, collect, and
consume our way to neurotic oblivion.”

21. Mintzberg quote from page 26:
• “In the name of liberty we are suffering from
individualism: every person and every
institution striving to get the most for him,
her, or itself, over the needs of society and a
threatened planet.”

22. Mintzberg quote from page 33
• “What has been behind most of the
protests—east and west, north and south, left
and right—should be obvious to anyone who
cares to get it. People have had it with social
imbalance.”

23. Balance in Society
screen grab from page 34

24. Quote from page 38:
• “Communism taught us that a society with
hardly any private property cannot function
effectively. “
• “Capitalism is teaching us that a society with
hardly anything but private property may not
be much better.”

25. Communityship in the
Plural (Not-for-Profit) Social Sector
• “If the private sector is about individual ownership and
• the public sector is about collective citizenship,
• then the plural sector is about joint communityship,
whereby people pull together to get things done.
• Between our individualized and collective natures, we
are social beings who crave relationships: we need to
affiliate, belong, identify. Here is where the
associations of the plural sector are of particular
relevance, especially those with compelling missions,
such as treating the ill or protecting the environment. ”

26. Effective Organizations?
Quote from page 42:
• “The most effective organizations generally
function as communities of human beings, not
collections of human resources.”
Quote from page 44:
• “Community figures hardly at all in a
prevailing dogma that favors economic scale,
no matter what are the social consequences.”

27. Openness & Transparency Required:
Quote from page 59:
• “What’s the use of occupying the front streets
while the deals are continuing in the back
offices?”

28. Collective Citizenship
& Cultural Communityship
Quote from page 93:
• “We need to rethink democracy, to reclaim it
from personal individualism at the expense of
collective citizenship and cultural
communityship.”

29. Mintzberg Recipe for the 21st Century
From page 63:
• “I believe that responsible social movements
and social initiatives, carried out in
communities and other associations,
networked internationally, are the greatest
hope we have for regaining balance in this
troubled world.”

30. Mark Anielski’s book
“The Economics of Happiness”
Quote from the above book:
“Genuine Well Being which is derived from genuine wealth, which in turn
consists of five capital accounts:
• Human capital-individual minds, bodies, spirits and their capabilities
• Social capital-quality and strength of our relations in the community:
trust, honesty, common values, including tolerance
• Natural capital-stocks and funds in nature that yield flows of natural
resources and life-supporting ecosystem services
• Built capital-machines, tools, durable consumer goods
• Financial capital-money and other liquid assets, fungible and acceptable
payment of transactions and debts.
Our current system of national accounts focuses on Financial Capital, pays
some attention to Built Capital, and ignores all of the others.
The problem is that it is the first three that are most responsible for genuine
well-being.”

31. What Makes Life Worthwhile?
From Page 90 of “The Economics of Happiness”:
At the core: what makes life worthwhile?
The answer defines your core values:
• Personal well-being
• Professional well-being
• Social/civic well-being
• Environmental well-being
• Financial well-being

32. Recipe for a Flourishing Society?
Page110 of “The Economics of Happiness”
UK Based New Economics Foundation’s Well-Being Manifesto for a Flourishing
Society:
http://www.neweconomics.org/gen/z_sys_PublicationDetail.aspx?pid=193
The society suggests that the key ingredients to a flourishing society are:
• Measuring what matters
• Meaningful work
• Reclaiming time
• Flourishing schools
• Complete health for the nation
• Investing in the early years.
• Authentic advertising
• Community contribution: being engaged in community

33. The Magic Sauce for 21st Century?
Page 218 of “The Economics of Happiness”
• “Evidence suggests that once we have met most
of our basic material needs for life, more money
doesn’t translate into either more objective or
subjective well-being or happiness. Empirical
research into happiness has shown that
industrialized countries well-being appears to rise
with the national income, but then reaches a
threshold at a certain level. Above this level an
increase in well-being is so small as to be almost
undetectable.”

34. Who Do You Trust?
• Today, it seems there is a universal joke that
says that citizens trust used car salesman
more than politicians.
• So it seems that any political party/leader that
actually delivers what they said in their pre-
election policy platform will in fact be
exceptional!
• So it seems safe to say that most people do
not trust politicians.

35. Who Do You Trust
of Society’s Major Sectors?
• Using Henry Mintzberg model of sectors,
Mintzberg has argued of the three sectors he
identified, private, public, and the ‘plural’ or
not-for-profit sector, Professor Mintzberg for a
variety of reasons described in his book
“Rebalancing Society” chooses the plural or
not-for-profit social sector for the planet’s
future.

36. What Do You Trust?
• Considering Jon Hawke’s four pillars of
sustainability, which do you trust?
• Cultural Vitality: well-being, creativity,
diversity, and innovation.
• Social Equity: justice, engagement, cohesion,
welfare.
• Environmental Responsibility: ecological
balance.
• Economic Vitality: material prosperity.

37. To Date Society Has Focused
Only on the Economy
• Mintzberg made the point that do date, society
has focused exclusively on the economy or
material prosperity, & look where that has gotten
society.
• Anielski’s research adds that even with material
prosperity, happiness is not guaranteed.
• So if humanity is to have a future, there has got
to be a shift away from an exclusive focus on the
economy.

38. If There Is No Environment
There Is No Economy!
• According to author Thomas King in his book
“The Inconvenient Indian” Indigenous peoples
are exceptions in that at a societal level their
value and belief system has incorporated the
belief that their way of living must live within
the physical limits of the environment.

39. Army of Lightness-the Fourth Sector?
• I would argue that the future of humanity
needs to consider a fourth sector.
• A sector that in biological terms is the ‘stem
cells’ of sectors.
• That is people participate in this sector for a
portion of their lives, and can through that
experience join any one of the three sectors
that Mintzberg identifies, private, public or
not-for-profit social sectors.

40. The Army of Lightness- K2∞?
• For me the army of lightness is the education
sector which I have fondly dubbed K2∞.
• This conclusion was reached based on my
experience with a World Bank course on
citizen engagement.

41. The Fourth Sector
So There Is a 22nd Century
• In the spring of 2015 I participated in a World
Bank MOOC- Engaging Citizens-a
Gamechanger for development?”
• https://www.coursera.org/course/engagecitiz
en

42. 12,000 students?
• Initially, I was very skeptical of any learning
process that had 12,000 students.
• The only reason I took the course was my
curiosity about “Massive Online Open
Courses-MOOCs”
• I wanted to at least be able to say I took at
MOOC, so I could say I know they don’t work
from first had experience!

43. OMG the darn thing worked?
• Imagine my surprise, when the dust settled
and I concluded that darn MOOC was one of
the most satisfying and effective learning
experiences of my life!

44. K2∞-the Fourth Sector?
• Given my experience with the MOOC, I would
add a fourth sector to Mintzberg’s model that
scales globally to help solve the world’s
‘wicked’ problems, that is the education or
‘Sharing knowledge-K2∞’ sector.

45. Open Source Knowledge Sharing
• Given my experience with the World Bank
MOOC, and its ability to scale globally I am
convinced that knowledge sharing and
problem solving can scale at a global scale.
• And further that that scaling can be supported
by an open source philosophy of both content,
knowledge and technology similar to what
Clay Shirky has proposed, but targeted to the
world’s ‘wicked’ problems.

46. Open Source Knowledge Sharing and
“Wicked” Problem Solving
• Clay Shirky video
• http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_t
he_internet_will_one_day_transform_govern
ment?language=en

47. 18F US Example
• The US government has acted on the
suggestion made by Clay Shirky regarding
using open source knowledge sharing
approaches modelled after GitHub in a site
called 18F.

48. 18F
• 18F builds effective, user-centric digital
services focused on the interaction between
government and the people and businesses it
serves.
• https://18f.gsa.gov/

49. Federal Election Commission’s
1st API:

50. Digital Gov University

51. July 2015 Digital Gov
Citizen Service Summit
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-
eTaJbY9fQ

52. UK 300 Days of Transformation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oj47rfLfos
&index=31&list=PLN_zD14Oe6QFNXuhh2yStaIg_
nZgH9PYN

53. Queensland Digital Economic Strategy
• Source:
http://www.godigitalqld.dsitia.qld.gov.au/welco
me-to-godigitalqld

54. Code So There Is A Tomorrow
• This concept was inspired by the January,
2015 “Code for America” presentation that
Jennifer Pahlka delivered that was posted to
youtube.
• Link to the presentation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7Uo-
JpzadE

55. Code So There Is A Tomorrow
• Where doing the right thing is both
meaningful and fun!
• Screen grab from Jennifer’s Code for America
Google Talk:

56. Code So There Is Tomorrow
“Army of Lightness”
• Incorporating a quote from Jennifer Pahlka’s
Google Talk
• Things happen because we the people make
them happen!
• Code So There Is A Tomorrow is about
harnessing all sectors of society that
collaborate to create their “Army of Lightness”
at their local university to solve their local
‘wicked problems’.

57. Pahle Rejects
Waterfall Project Management
• The following screen grab from Jennifer
Pahlka’s Google Talk makes the above point:

58. If government can’t implement the
policies it creates, it can’t govern.

59. 21st Century “Space” Program
for the World’s Wicked Problems
Essentially what the previous Google Energy
conclusion suggests is that the world’s four key
sectors of:
1.Private,
2.Public,
3.Plural-social and the
4. Education or ‘Sharing knowledge-K2∞’
All of the above sectors must all collaborate globally
with the same intensity and focus the US deployed
in the early years of the space program!

60. Google Example on Energy
• http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/wh
at-it-would-really-take-to-reverse-climate-change

61. Google’s Energy Conclusion
• To reverse climate change, our society requires something beyond
today’s renewable energy technologies. Fortunately, new
discoveries are changing the way we think about physics,
nanotechnology, and biology all the time. While humanity is
currently on a trajectory to severe climate change, this disaster can
be averted if researchers aim for goals that seem nearly impossible.
• Now, R&D dollars must go to inventors who are tackling the
daunting energy challenge so they can boldly try out their crazy
ideas. We can’t yet imagine which of these technologies will
ultimately work and usher in a new era of prosperity—but the
people of this prosperous future won’t be able to imagine how we
lived without them.
• Source: http://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/renewables/what-it-
would-really-take-to-reverse-climate-change

62. How To Change The Future
• The following youtube video introduces
Kahane’s approaches worthy of our
consideration:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiGS9Vq
0FGA

63. How To Change The Future
• Adam Kahane has worked on some of the
most difficult or ‘wicked” problems of the
world including apartheid.
• Because of his work throughout the world, it is
suggested that his body of work be considered
in supporting creating a future that we all
want and need.

64. You Can’t Legislate The Unknown
• The point that Google researchers on energy
made about emulating the US space program is
directly relevant to the idea about legislation.
• To inspire the nation President Kennedy did not
propose a US ‘man on the moon’ act, but he did
eloquently describe a vision that inspired US
citizens.
• We need a similar vision for the resolution of the
world’s ‘wicked’ problems.

65. “Wicked” Problem Resolution Is Not
About Legislation It Is About Action
• The suggested focus of this paper is that all
sectors of society focus on action that creates
ways to solve the world’s wicked problems.
• Action focus through global open source
collaboration that taps the best and brightest
of all sectors!

66. Code So There Is A Tomorrow
• Collaborate globally to solve ‘wicked
problems’ locally.
• Use open source, open government, open
data and share what you learn locally to help
others globally solve their ‘wicked problems’.
• Where open philosophies float everyone’s
‘wicked problem’ boats!

67. Conclusion
• Open Source Global Collaboration on the
World’s Wicked Problems by all sectors of
society, including private, pubic, plural-social
and education sectors.
• If we are to have a tomorrow as a species
humanity must find a way for all sectors on
the planet to share knowledge to create the
innovation necessary for us to solve the
world’s wicked problems!