Presented by Jacopo Ovarelli, External Consultant for European GNSS Agency (GSA) in the techUK Satellite Applications & Services Conference, 2nd Oct. 2015

1. IOT, SMART MOBILITY AND THE
NEED FOR POSITIONING
Jacopo Ovarelli
Consultant, European GNSS Agency
techUK Satellite Applications & Services
London - October 2, 2015
This presentation can be interpreted only together with the oral comments accompanying it

2. The European GNSS Programmes:
Galileo and EGNOS
*GPS: Global Positioning System
‘It’s there, use it’
Galileo
 European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
 Fully compatible with US GPS*
 Open service free of charge and delivering dual
frequencies
 Constellation currently in deployment
EGNOS
 Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)
 Measures and improves GNSS performances
 Sends corrections to users via satellites or terrestrial
links (EDAS)
 European coverage (but under extension in other
regions)

3.  10 satellites have been launched
 20 satellites are in production:
 additional 2 satellites ready for
launch before end 2015
Galileo has already taken-off
Initial Operational Capability
Initial services for OS, SAR, PRS,
and demonstrator for CS
2016
Full Operational Capability
Full services, 30 satellites
An independent civilian infrastructure
2020
Galileo is implemented in a step-wise approach

4. DOWNSTREAM VALUE CHAIN
European GNSS Agency is fostering the use of
Galileo and EGNOS
USE OF GALILEO AND EGNOS
EU PUBLIC BENEFITS
Road
Aviation
Maritime
Rail
LBS
Agriculture
Mapping
Governmental
MARKET
SEGMENTS
Service
providers
Content &
applications
DevicesChipset,
receiver
Navigation Signal
Providers
Bodies influencing
the market
Understanding
market and
users
Stimulating
demand:
cooperating
with receivers
manufacturers
Supporting a EU
of services,
applications
and receivers
DEMAND and
ADOPTION
COMPETITIVE
OFFER

5. Accurate and reliable positioning information
supports several innovative trends
As many IoT applications require
positioning information of each
‘thing’, IoT could provide a
significant knock-on demand boost
for GNSS capabilities in several
market segments.
Internet-of-Things
GNSS-based solutions are fundamental
in the development of connected cars
and autonomous vehicles concepts.
Smart mobility
‘Big data’ refers to large amounts of data
produced very quickly by an abundance
of diverse sources. Data can either be
created by people or generated by
machines, such as GNSS receivers or
Earth Observation satellite imagery.
Big Data
Thanks to its easy implementation
for various smart mobility and LBS
applications, GNSS is supporting the
smart cities concept.
Smart Cities

6. Several technologies can provide positioning
capabilities relevant to locate “things”
Main absolute positioning technologies and accuracy
• Network based: (Cell-ID, E-OTD, TDOA etc.) using the telecommunication networks
• Handset based: (GNSS) the handset itself is the primary means of positioning the user. The A-GNSS
corresponds to a hybrid technology based on the GNSS but using the cellular network
• Infrastructure based: (Bluetooth, UWB, Wi-Fi or RFID) the position is computed by evaluating of
the distance between the device and transmitters (for example a Bluetooth beacon or a Wi-FI
router)
IoT

7. The technology enabling IOT is a mix of various sensors
that enable the connection of the physical and digital
worlds
Image from: Harbor Research and Postscapes: What exactly is “The Internet of Things”? March 2014
GNSS sensors definitely
belong to the huge
family of IoT sensors
IoT

8. Revenue opportunities expected to boom in every
segment
According to Harbor Research, the global IoT market could hit $1 trillion in 2020
with a CAGR of ~30% over the period 2014-2020 with applications in almost every
sector of the economy
Revenue opportunities by vertical IoT segment
IoT revenues include:
hardware, software,
networks, services, etc
IoT

9. Regulatory requirements
TechnologyEcosystem
• Most concerning in regulated
markets e.g. healthcare
Need for identification and
communication standards
Security
“Security concerns
in IoT escalate to a whole new
level… In 2013, FTC took legal
action against TRENDnet, maker
of IP video cams [after] in a major
security breach over 700 cameras’
live video feeds were streamed
over the internet.”
Goldman Sachs
Low power
technology
“Two conflicting factors are power
consumption and processing
power. It's often a challenge,
especially in wearables, to manage
power consumption while
performing all of the tasks.”
Wearables OEM
“The Commission is currently evaluating
what policy framework the IoT might
require … on privacy, safety and security, security of critical IoT-supported
infrastructure, ethics, interoperability, governance and standards.”
European Commission, November 2012
Integration with
legacy systems
“Challenge is integrating IoT with
existing data warehouse
investments. It is also highly likely
that demand for real time analytics
and storing petabytes of data require
different server, disk, and network
infrastructure than what exists in most
data centers today.”
Forbes
Connectivity
“Standards are critical for IoT adoption, as businesses hesitate to invest in
connecting assets that may become “stranded” if communication standards
change… smart meters are very expensive to deploy, and it would be
prohibitive to replace them before their useful life is over.”
Goldman Sachs
“New antennas and computing
equipment need to be developed
that are optimized for size and price
and can be connected to objects of
all shapes and sizes.”
UBS
- Also primary barriers to consumer adoption
Source: Expert interviews, Forbes, Gartner, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, UBS
Economics
Pricing
“Consumers would need to see smart devices that are at worst sold at a slight premium to today’s mainstream
counterparts in order to justify mainstream adoption. The general acceptance of smartphone pricing in the developed
world ($100-400 per unit to the consumer) has served as a precedent in this process.”
UBS
As in every emerging industry there are some barriers to
overcome IoT

10. Connected suitcase, “eTrack” responds to
sophisticated user needs
• Air France KLM developed and
experimented “eTrack”, a GNSS
enabled device that enable tracking
& tracing of luggage
• Based on M2M technologies, this
device together with the “eTrack”
app allows the owner of the luggage
to know where his/her luggage
currently is
• Benefits include: faster bag drop
process, improved airline/ airport
efficiency, reduced stress for
travellers, improved customer
experience (personalization)
IoT

11. Connected tag, a GNSS based system aims to
reduce police chase dangers
The StarChase system is a technology that provides pursuit management and GNSS tracking
technology to law enforcement agencies worldwide reducing the costs of high-speed pursuits
IoT

12. Connected wear, a wealth of non traditional wearables could
integrate GNSS functionality like T-Shirts, coats, shoes
Thanks to the micro-sensors embedded within,
the fabrics are “connected” and monitor
variables like temperature, heart rate, speed,
acceleration, etc
The data produced and collected can be used to
provide a range of services such as personal
coaching
D-shirt
by
Gémo a French brand clothing together with
the Ma P’tite Balise startup proposes a GNSS
coat for kids tracking with a monthly service to
track children from 3 to 10 years old
IoT

13. The emergence of innovative technologies are
transforming the automotive ecosystem…
Although drivers are eager for the benefits of car connectivity, they
also express concerns that might hamper its rapid and broad
adoption:
• worry about digital safety and data privacy
• limited willingness to pay for car connectivity features
Source: McKinsey: “What’s driving the connected car”
Smart mobility
Companies from the IT and
telecommunications industry
are already entering the
automotive market, and
original-equipment
manufacturers need to act
now to secure control over
critical industry sectors
From a McKinsey report:
• 13 % of buyers are no
longer prepared to even
consider a new vehicle
without Internet access
• More than 25% already
prioritize connectivity over
features such as engine
power and fuel efficiency

14. Source : “Expert opinion forecast of connected vehicle technology”, Center for Automotive Research, USA (2012)
Question made to North American automotive industry:
What percentage of cars will include in the future the following components/sensors?
…with GNSS already covering a leading role to be
strengthened in the future
Smart mobility

15. GNSS will play a key role in most of the
connected car applications
Connected cars are likely to include the following
capabilities:
 Integration with home networks
 Data exchange with insurers, manufacturers and
third parties
 Diagnostics and vehicle health reports
 Improved navigation and positioning
 In-vehicle WiFi hotspot
 Payment integration
 Streaming of music and Video on Demand
 Localised information and advertising
 Police warnings and location
 Car-to-car gaming
 Real time traffic and incident alerts
 Assisted and automated driving
GNSS supported
Smart mobility –
Connected car

16. Research around autonomous driving is undertaken
by growing number of players
Examples of Autonomous driving projects:
Autonomous vehicles are capable of sensing
its environment and navigating without
human input. Robotic cars exist mainly as
prototypes and demonstration systems
Smart mobility –
Autonomous vehicle

17. There are still some obstacles on the path to
fully autonomous driving
CUSTOMER ACCEPTANCE TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE&LIABILITY LEGISLATURE
• Controversy computer
vs. human
- Only ~50% of UK and US
citizens would trust in
autonomous vehicles
- 65% of EU citizens are
open regarding the idea
- 22% of Germans are pro
autonomous driving, 7%
do not trust the
technology, 44% are
generally skeptical
• High price for additional
equipment as non-
purchase argument
- Willingness to purchase
decreases from 40% to
20% considering an
surcharge of ~€ 2,500 for
the autonomous system
- Premium customers are
less sensitive
• Semi-autonomous
driving close to
production maturity
• Fully autonomous
driving still in research
stage
- Hardware exists
- Focus on software
development
• External
infrastructure for
Car2X still in the
planning stage
- Definition of standards
- Integration in existing
infrastructure (possible
over several decades)
• Vienna Agreement from
1968 views
accountability while
driving as
internationally binding
• Possible product
liability of fully
autonomous vehicles
- Critical question: „Did the
absence of human control
over the vehicle cause the
accident?“
- Possible parties:
Programmers, OEM,
„driver“
• Interaction with
legislator necessary
• StVO only allow vehicle
control from the
driver
- Development from driver
to computer control
requires legal
adjustments
- International standards
necessary
• Basic issues:
- Concept „Action“
- Concept „Liability“
- Admission
• USA as pioneer
- Legalization of fully
autonomous vehicles in
Nevada in 2012
- California and Florida
expected until 2015
Source: Litsearch; OEMs; Bain analysis
Smart mobility –
Autonomous vehicle

18. Galileo can benefit IoT and smart mobility
with better positioning accuracy
18
*Source: “Experimental Results for the Multipath Performance of Galileo Signals Transmitted by GIOVE-A Satellite“, Andrew Simsky, DavidMertens, Jean-Marie
Sleewaegen, Martin Hollreiser, and Massimo Crisci, Septentrio, ESA, 2008
**Source: “Estimating the Time-To-First-Fix for GNSS Signals Theory and Simulation Results”‘ Marco Anghileri, Matteo Paonni, Stefan Wallner, José-Ángel
Ávila-Rodríguez, Bernd Eissfeller, Institute of Geodesy and Navigation, University FAF Munich, Germany’
•Galileo in combination with other GNSS provides improved accuracy,
availability and allows for a faster time-to-first-fix*
Multi-constellation
• Galileo is expected to be the only GNSS providing Open Service
authentication, data encryption solutions entrusting a range of innovative
applications
Galileo OS Authentication
•The strength of Galileo signal, together with an advanced code
modulations, makes Galileo better mitigating multipath effects (especially in
E5, but also E1)**
Multipath Resistant
• Using the data-less signal with a 100ms length for the secondary code,
Galileo allows for an enhanced indoor penetration, improved
performances in urban canyon, better performances in noise
measurements and improved sensitivity in A-GNSS mode
Data-less signal of Galileo
Enhancement of
currently offered
services
Development of new
value-added services

19. In addition, Galileo signal authentication will provide trustability against
spoofing attempts; this will facilitate the process for a legal use of GNSS
position in several regulated road applications:
 Safety-critical applications leveraging on precise and secure
positioning to scenarios of potential harm to humans or damage to a
system/environment (e.g.: connected or autonomous vehicles,
dangerous goods transportation, etc.)
 Payment applications, in which GNSS is used to go from vehicle
ownership to usage (e.g. road tolling, congestion charging, pay as
you drive, mobility as a service, etc.)
 Liability applications based on new policies leveraging GNSS (e.g.:
speed control, digital tacograph, accident reconstruction, etc.)
Galileo will be able to provide
signal authentication

20. Galileo contribution to multiple GNSS
 When buildings block
the signal and reduce the
number of visible satellites,
the availability of more
constellations ensures a
much more accurate
final position
 Having more satellites in
view has beneficial effect on
reducing the time to the first fix
 The robustness of the position is improved, and even if a satellite or
constellation are not available or providing incorrect data, a reasonable accuracy
will continue to provided.

21. THANK YOU
The present presentation can be interpreted only together with the oral comment accompanying it
jacopo.ovarelli@gsa.europa.eu