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1. Changing AtmosphereChanging Atmosphere
created by TeachPower.net

2. Origin of the AtmosphereOrigin of the Atmosphere
• 4.6 billion years ago the earth’s
atmosphere was probably made of
hydrogen and helium.
• Earth’s surface was covered in
volcanoes and lakes of lava.
–Volcanoes release large amounts of CO2,
steam, and N2.

3. Origin of the Atmosphere CONT’DOrigin of the Atmosphere CONT’D
• CO2 absorbs heat
which warmed the
atmosphere.
• When the volcanic
activity subsided
steam condensed to
form
–Clouds
–Rivers and lakes

4. Today’s AtmosphereToday’s Atmosphere
• Today the atmosphere mostly consist
of nitrogen and oxygen not hydrogen
and CO2.

5. SmogSmog
• Because of the Industrial Age our
atmosphere is consistently being filled
with pollutants.
• When these pollutants accumulate in
the upper atmosphere it creates a
layer called smog.

6. Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect
• CO2 and other gases absorb infrared
radiation that enters from space and
reflects from the ground.
• When this heat is trapped it warms
the atmosphere – Greenhouse Effect.

7. Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion
• Ozone is the layer of air in the
stratosphere that protects us from UV
radiation.
• This layer is thinning slowly due to
chemicals released into the air by
styrofoam, air conditioners, aerosol
cans called chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC’s).

8. Earth’s AtmosphereEarth’s Atmosphere
• Layer of air made up of a mixture of gases with some
suspended solids and liquids.
• Other Gases: Argon, CO2, H2O
• Trace Gases: Ne, He, Methane, Kr, Xe, H, O3
• Other types of gases are smog, O3
Atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Other Gases

9. Types of Solids & LiquidsTypes of Solids & Liquids
• Dust, salt, & ice
– How do you think those 3 solids end up in the air?
• Water Vapor
– Water is the only substance that appears in the atmosphere in all
3 states (solid, liquid, and gas)

10. Structure of the AtmosphereStructure of the Atmosphere
• Troposphere – weather, clouds, and smog occur in this
layer. “Tropos” means “changing” in Greek/Latin. At the
top of the temp. is about –76 ºF.
• Stratosphere – O3 (Ozone) layer keeps harmful levels
of UV radiation from reaching earth’s surface. “Stratos”
means “layer” .
• Mesosphere – meteors burn up in this layer. “Mesos”
means “middle”. Temp. here is about –130 ºF.
• Thermosphere – extends out into space with no
definite outer limit.

11. Atmosphere (Cont.)Atmosphere (Cont.)
• Ionosphere – lower layer of the Thermosphere. The
sun’s energy tickles little ions and molecules in this layer
causing them to glow which creates the Aurora Borealis
or the “Northern Lights”.
• Exosphere – “Exos” means outer so this layer is the
outermost layer of our atmosphere. Satellites travel in
this region of space.

12. Air PressureAir Pressure
• Air pressure – is the result of the weight of a column of
air pushing down on an area. The column of air above
your desk to the top of the atmosphere weighs about as
much as a school bus.