This presentation have definition of pollution, detailed definition, types of pollution, causes and effects of pollution.

1. Pollution, Its Causes and
Effects on our
Environment
(BBA-II)
Syed Arsalan Ali (LCM-3391)
Dept. of Management Sciences

2. Pollution
• Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural
environment that cause adverse change, in the form of killing of
life, toxicity of environment, damage to ecosystem and aesthetics
of our surrounding.

3. Pollution
• An unwanted change in the environment which involves the
physical, biological and chemical changes involving air, water
and land which affects the human life in one way or the other.
• Pollution has become a serious issue after World War II in
developing countries due to unchecked rapid industrialization.
Pollution is the root cause of many diseases that kill and
disable living organisms.

4. Types of
Pollution
• Most common types of pollution our environment is
facing today are mentioned below
– Air pollution
– Noise pollution
– Water pollution
– Soil contamination

5. Air Pollution
• Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor
environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that
modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere.

6. Causes of
Air Pollution
• Sources
 Household combustion
devices.
 Motor vehicles.
 Industrial facilities.
 Forest fires
• Pollutants
 Carbon monoxide.
 Ozone.
 Nitrogen dioxide .
 Sulfur dioxide

7. Effects of
Air Pollution
• Health Effect: Air pollution can harm us when it accumulates in the air
in high enough concentrations. It may cause irritation of the eyes, nose,
and throat, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and breathing difficulties
and heart problems.
• Acid Rain: Acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of
nitric and sulfuric acids. These acids are formed primarily by nitrogen
oxides and sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels
are burned.
• Effects on wildlife: Toxic pollutants in the air, or deposited on soils
or surface waters, can impact wildlife in a number of ways. Like humans,
animals can experience health problems if they are exposed to sufficient
concentrations of air toxics over time.

8. Noise Pollution
• Noise pollution is displeasing or excessive noise that may
disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life.
Noise means discomfort hearing from environment.

9. Cause of
Noise Pollution

10. Effects of
Noise Pollution
• Effects on Humans: Noise pollution affects both health and
behavior. Unwanted sound (noise) can damage psychological health.
Noise pollution can cause hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus,
hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.
• Effects on Wildlife: Noise can have a detrimental effect on wild
animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate balance
in prey detection and avoidance, and interfering the use of the sounds
in communication, especially in relation to reproduction and in
navigation.

11. Water Pollution
• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g.
lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater).
• Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly
or indirectly into water bodies. Water pollution affects plants
and organisms living in these bodies of water.

12. Causes of
Water Pollution
• Polluted water is the major cause of water pollution. Polluted
water may be of these types:
 Domestic sewage.
 Industrial wastewater.
 Agricultural wastewater.
 Construction site Stormwater.
• Pollutants involved in causing water pollutions are
– Petroleum hydrocarbons
– Plastics
– Pesticides
– Heavy metals
– Sewage
– Radioactive waste
– Thermal effluents

13. Effects of
Water Pollution
• Death of aquatic animals: The main problem caused by water pollution
is that it kills organisms that depend on these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs,
birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches,
killed by pollutants in their habitat (living environment).
• Disruption of food-chains: Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as
well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later,
these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues
to be disrupted at all higher levels.
• Diseases: Humans are affected by this process as well. People can get
diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. In many
poor nations, there is always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a result of
poor drinking water treatment from contaminated waters.

14. Soil
Contamination
• Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is
caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals
or other alteration in the natural soil environment.

15. Causes of Soil
Contamination
• It is caused by:
 Industrial activity
 Agricultural chemicals.
 Improper disposal of waste.
• The most common chemicals
involved :
 Petroleum hydrocarbons
 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
 Solvents
 Pesticides
 Lead and other heavy metals.

16. Effects of Soil
Contamination
• Health Effects: Contaminated or polluted soil directly affects
human health through direct contact with soil. Eating food
which made in soil can also effect human health.
• Ecosystem effects: Soil contaminants can have significant
deleterious consequences for ecosystems. There are radical
soil chemistry changes which can arise from the presence of
many hazardous chemicals.

17. Thank You!
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