Project report on mini refrigerator

1. MINI REFRIGERATOR
PHYSICS PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By
P.TARUN (VTU 14266)
G.R.V.RAKESH (VTU 12232)
C.CHAITANYA KUMAR REDDY (VTU 14340)
Y.PAVAN KUMAR (VTU 12903)
A.SRI KAMAL VIGNESH (VTU 14246)
V.S.D.VENKATESWARARAO (VTU 12214)
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala
R & D Institute of Science and Technology
OCTOBER - 2018

2. Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala
R&D Institute of Science and Technology
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “MINI REFRIGERATOR”is the bonafied work
of “P.TARUN (VTU 14266),G.R.V.RAKESH(VTU12232),C.CHAITANYA
KUMAR REDDY (VTU14340),A.SRI KAMAL VIGNESH (VTU14246),
V.S.D.VENKATESWARA RAO(12214),Y.PAVAN KUMAR(12903)”.
Who carried out the project work under my supervision.
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Dr. R.GOWRISANKAR RAO
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS Associate Professor
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

3. ABSTRACT
The performance of this refrigerator is much smaller than that
of a conventional compressor type refrigerator when therequired
cooling capacity is high, whereas the coefficient of performance of
the conventional unit falls off rapidly as the cooling capaity is
decreased and that of thermo electric unit remains constant. So, the
mini refrigerator should be chosen when a low cooling capacity is
needed .As the cooling units are of small size.It is very simple to
control the rate of cooling by adjustment of current.In this work a
portable compressor less refrigerator unit was fabricated and tested
for the cooling purpose.This is completely eco-friendly.

4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No.
1 Introduction
1.1 Objective 1
1.2 Principle 1
2 Materials Required
2.1 Peltier Module 2
2.2 Heat Sink 3
2.3 Heat Sink fan 4
2.4 Temperature Indicator 5
2.5 Thermocol 6
2.6 12V Power Supply 7
3 Working & Construction
3.1 Working 8
3.2 Construction 9
4 Benefits & Limitations
4.1 Benefits 11
4.2 Limitations 11
5 Conclusion 12
6 References 13

5. 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE
Refrigeration is the process of heat-removal from a space in
order to bring it to a lower temperature than surrounding
temperature. In this context, my seminar topic, “Peltier cooling
module” which works on thermoelectric refrigeration, aims to
provide cooling by using thermoelectric effects rather than the more
prevalent conventional methods like ‘vapour compression cycle’ or
the ‘vapour absorption cycle’. There are three types of
thermoelectric effect: The Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect, the
Thomson effect. From these three effects, Peltier cooler works on
the Peltier effect; which states that when voltage is applied across
two junctions of dissimilar electrical conductors, heat is absorbed
from one junction and heat is rejected at another junction.
1.2 Principle:
It works on the principle of the Peltier Effect.
Peltier Effect : The Perlier Effect is the phenomenon that a
potential difference applied across a thermocouple causes a
temperature difference between the junctions of the different
materials in thermocouple.
The hot junction can be placed outside of an insulated area and the
cold junction can be placed inside the region.
The Peltier Effect can be use to cool a region.

6. 2
CHAPTER II
MATERIALS REQUIRED
2.1 Peltier Module
Fig 2.1 Peltier Module
Peltier modules are solid state heat pumps that operate on the
Peltier Effect .Heat pump is a thermodynamic system which
transfers heat from low temperature body and gives out the
same to high temperature body.
The Peltier Effect,mini refrigerator operates according to
the Peltier effect. The effect creates a temperature difference
by transferring heat between two electrical junctions. A
voltage is applied across joined conductors to create an
electric current.

7. 3
2.2 Heat Sink
Fig 2.2 Heat Sink
A heat sink which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the
heat by any device into a coolant fluid in motion.Then transferred
heat leaves the device with the fluid in motion therefore allowing
the regulation of the device temperature at physically feasible
levels. A heat sink transfers thermal energy from a higher
temperature device to a lower temperature fluid medium. The
fluid medium is frequently air, but can also be water, refrigerants
or oil. If the fluid medium is water, the heat sink is frequently
called a cold plate.

8. 4
2.3 HEAT SINK FAN
Fig 2.3 Heat Sink fan
Sometimes the heat sink itself becomes hot during the heat
transfer to overcome this problem a device called Heat Sink
Fan is used for the removal of induced heat in the fins of
heat sink.So these fans are attaced over the fins of the heat
sink and it cools down the heat produced in the heat sink.

9. 5
2.4 TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
Fig 2.4 Temperature Indicator
The temperature indicator is device that is used to know about the
temperature inside the chamber of refrigerator.It has a probe
which is inserted inside the chamber of refrigerator and the probe
senses the temperature inside gives the temperature data to the
output display.

10. 6
2.5 THERMOCOL
Fig 2.5 Thermocol
Thermal casing is made of thermocol and is used for keeping
cool inside and to store the storage beverages and food
stuffing’s in the mini refrigerator. Thermocol is a insulator.
So,it will helps to cool inside the mini refrigerator.

11. 7
2.6 12V POWER SUPPPLY
Fig 2.6 12V Power supply
A power supply is an eelectrical device that supplies electrical
energy to electrical load,The primary function of a power
supply is to convert one form of electrical energy into another.
Here We re using 12V power supply because it reduces the
220V AC input into 12V AC Output.Because we are using all
components which are working wuth 12V of current.

12. 8
CHAPTER III
WORKING & CONSTRUCTION
3.1 WORKING
Here the Mini Refrigerator is works on the Peltier effect.We are
using the thermocol casing on all sides.Because thermocol is a good
conductor of heat,so it absorbs some heat coming from outside.We
are placing Heat Sink and Heat Sink Fan on the top of the mini
refrigerator.When the heat comes inside the heat sink transfers the
heat by any device into a coolant fluid in motion. Sometimes the
heat sink itself becomes hot during the heat transfer,then the heat
sink fan is used to removal of induced heat in the heat sink sink.So
these fans are attaced over the fins of the heat sink and it cools down
the heat.Then the area inside the refrigerator must become cool.

13. 9
3.2 CONSTRUCTION
Firstly a box of thermocol is made of dimensions and then inside the
box we will arrange the snall fan which is coming inside the box
and then the peltier module will be arranged on the top of the small
fan with hot side must be upper side.On the top of the peltier
module we can arrange heat sink fan which absorbs heat from heat
sink.Now all the connections must be give carefully then we give
input of 220V to the power supply by using strong wires.After that
only two wires will come outside from the box.These wires we want
to connect with the power supply in the Output places which gives
of 12V AC output.

14. 10
FINAL PROJECT :

15. 11
CHAPTER IV
BENEFITS & LIMITATIONS
4.1. BENEFITS
These are eco-friendly refrigerators.No Chloro Fluoro Carbons
These are light in weight.
Give fast temperature response.
It is portable,small in size.
Have no vibrations.
Creates no noise.
4.2. LIMITATIONS
Only small weight things will be kept inside the fridge.

16. 12
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
A portable mini refrigerator prototype was designed and built
which can be used for personal cooling.It was constructed by using
thermocol with perfect dimensions.It is successful and the
temperature readings were recorded. Cooling stabilizes within one
hour once the switch is turned ON. It had been shown from testing
results that the portable mini fridge is capable of cooling the can.
All the components in the project had been tested individually and
the results were found to be positive.

17. 13
REFERENCES
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DYSj3cHyIU&t=5s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaWASBHp80A&t=41s
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvBfxrtVFBM&t=181s
4. https://www.slideshare.net/arunkumar4854/peltier-plate-
refrigerator