2. Background
» Privately held company established in 1989 to service the niche manufacturing industries
» Significant presence in 3 core businesses
» Photovoltaics (Solar)
» Current Customers range in size from 2 MW to 2 GW
» Full line material supplier for cell and module manufacturers
» Lithium-ion Battery
» Optical Media
» Recycling Services*
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3. Targray Worldwide Infrastructure
Europe:
The Netherlands
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
North America: Czech Republic
Canada
USA Asia:
Mexico India
Singapore
Hong Kong
Taiwan
China
Japan
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4. Dow and Targray
A Strategic Partnership
» Partnership dedicated to industry specific material development, sales and service
» Global Distribution – Optical Media – 15 years
» Exclusive Global Distribution – Solar – 5 years
» Future Technology Development and Sales
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5. The Dow Chemical Company
» More than 30 years of film innovation in specialty films for demanding segments
» Industry leader in Polyolefins
» Integrated and proprietary technology for base resins and film
» Ability to custom-tailor polymer structures and develop film formulations to address market needs
» PV Film development is a major growth platform
» Multi-million dollar R&D effort
» State of the art production line commissioned 2010; additional production expected to triple capacity by
the end of 2012
» Working with major module manufacturers globally
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6. Key Competitive Product Issues
EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate)
» Lamination limitations
» Cross-linking required during lamination
» Narrow lamination temperature range - risk of bubbling
» Shortened life of laminator components due to out-gassing
» Long term reliability in the field
» High Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)
» Susceptible to hydrolysis and PID
» Acetic acid generation: yellowing, clouding, delamination, reduced
output efficiency
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7. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Designed to help improve processing and performance relative to
module life, electrical efficiency and reliability
» No liquids/gel content that can create problems during lamination
» No cross-linking required during lamination
» Broad lamination operating temperature range
» High strength adhesion to glass, cell and backsheet
» Resistant to hydrolysis – no acetic acid generation
» Low Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)
» Excellent Electrical Properties – High Volume Resistivity
» Good UV Stability and Weather Durability
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8. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Cycle times of less than 10 minutes were achieved with the use of
ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Films vs. the EVA-based film tested
The conclusion of cycle time is represented at the end of pressing time for each material.
Data is based on Dow testing conducted at 3S Photovoltaics and is used with the permission of 3S Photovoltaics.
Test conducted on 3S laminator (S3622CP). Data available upon Request.
www.targray.com ®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow | 8
9. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Comparative Peel Strength (Glass)
ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film vs. EVA Film
Material Lamination Conditions °
180° Peel Strengths to Glass
2 min vacuum / 3 min vacuum / 4 min vacuum /
4 min pressure 7 min pressure 10 min pressure
EVA-based Encapsulant Film 140°C 89 150 98
150°C 127 123 105
160°C 68 32 50
ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin 140°C N/A(1) 145 163
Encapsulant Flm
150°C 100 171 196
160°C 153 >190 >218
Unacceptable Performance – low gel content and/or bubble formation Marginal Performance Excellent Performance
(1)Glass
broke during adhesion test
Based on Dow testing that compared ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film to an EVA-based film. Data available upon request.
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10. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Comparative Water Vapor Transmission Rate
ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film vs. EVA Film and PVB Film
Sample Encapsulant Film Thickness °
WVTR @ 38°C
(micron)
ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film 457 3.3
EVA-based Encapsulant Film 457 34
PVB-based Encapsulant Film 457 84
All WVTR units are in g/(m2/24 hrs) measured at 100% RH, average of two specimens.
Water absorption (RT, 24 hours, in water): PVB: Rate varies with RH, EVA: 0.04%, ENLIGHT Film: <0.01%
Typical Properties; not to be construed as specifications.
Based on Dow testing that compared ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film to an
EVA-based film and a PVB-based film. Data available upon request.
www.targray.com ®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow | 10
11. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Improved Electrical Performance
» Very high Volume Resistivity levels1, resulting in:
» Improved module insulation
» Added ability to maintain cell reliability and conduct current
» Enhanced and maintained efficiency levels
» ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Films have demonstrated more than 50% reduction in
leakage current compared to some EVA-based films2
» Lower leakage current can help reduce the effects of Potential Induced Degradation (PID)
» The use of ENLIGHT™ Films can help extend module service life
1Based on Dow testing of the physical properties of ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Films. Data available upon request.
2Based on Dow testing that compared ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Films to some EVA-based films. Data available upon request.
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12. Extended Module Reliability Data
Following 1000h Damp Heat, Glass leaching caused
both modules underwent 50 drop in Short Circuit
Thermal Cycles, 10 Humidity Current; No film or
Freeze Cycles. Both modules module degradation
were then placed back into
Damp Heat
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13. Extended Module Testing
ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin
Encapsulant Film EVA
5500 Hrs Damp Heat
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14. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Certifications / Listings: UL, IEC
» ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film is “Recognized Component” under UL listing Category
Code QIHE2. File # E322209
» ENLIGHT™ Polyolefin Encapsulant Film have successfully been used in modules that have
passed testing in accordance with: IEC 61215, IEC 61646, and IEC 61730
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15. Polyolefin Encapsulant Film
Summary of Advantages
» Lamination stability and cycle time optimization
» Lamination stability
» No leaching or out-gassing of corrosives during lamination
» No bubbling at higher temperatures due to liquid content
» Up to 30% shorter lamination cycle time on existing capital
» No cross-linking or gel content requirement for lamination
» Possibility to use higher temperatures and shorter cycles without performance risks
» Good adhesion with glass, backsheet / frontsheet, active layer
» Increased reliability and performance over service life
» Excellent UV resistance
» Exceptionally Low WVTR and moisture absorption
» Refractive index similar to glass
» Very high volume resistivity
» Low glass transition temperature
» No hydrolysis / acetic acid reaction to impact output efficiency over time
» Ability to better resist Potential Induced Degradation (PID)
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