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1. BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL OF
PEST
ASSIGNMENT # 01
SUBMITTED TO: Mam Sehrish
SUBMITTED BY: Tanzeela Habib
ARID NO # 18-arid-5652

2. DEFINITION
“The use of living organisms to suppress the
population of a specific pest organism,
making it less abundant or less damaging
than it would otherwise be”

3. TYPES
There are three basic types of biological pest
control strategies:
1. Importation
2. Augmentation
3. Conservation

4. IMPORTATION
Importation (also called classical biological
control). This consists of importing and releasing
exotic natural enemies that are known to control
the exotic pests in their native region.

5. AUGMENTATION
Augmentation is defined as periodically increasing
either the number of parasites or predators or the
supply of their food resources to assure that
adequate numbers of parasites and predators are
present to provide the desired level of
pest control.

6. CONSERVATION
Conservation biological control is the protection of
natural enemies against adverse effects of
pesticides and incompatible cultural practices and
improving their efficiency via providing food
sources.

7. NATURAL ENEMIES
 Predators
 Parasites
 Pathogens
 Sterilization

8. PREDATORS
Predators are mainly free-living species that
directly consume a large number of prey during
their whole lifetime.
Ladybugs are predators of aphids, mites, scale
insects, and small caterpillers.
Dragonflies are important predators of
mosquitoes.

9. PARASITIES
Parasitoids lay their eggs on or in the body of an
insect host, which is then used as a food for
developing larvae. The host is ultimately killed.
Most insect parasitoids are wasps or flies.

10. PATHOGEN
Pathogenic micro-organisms include bacteria,
fungi, and viruses. They kill or debilitate their
host and are relatively host-specific.
Various microbial insect diseases occur
naturally, but may also be used as biological
pesticides.

11. STERILIZATION
The sterile insect technique, or SIT for short, is
among the most environment-friendly insect pest
control methods ever developed.
Irradiation, such as with gamma rays and X-
rays, is used to sterilize mass-reared insects so
that, while they remain sexually competitive,
they cannot produce offspring.

12. ADVANTAGES
High level of control at low cost
Self-perpetuating at little cost after initial effort
Very few harmful effects on man, environment
etc
Some NE’s reproduce rapidly
Some NE’s survive even at low host densities

13. DISADVANTAGES
Not effective against direct pests where any
damage is unacceptable
Some level of damage occurs and must be
acceptable
Must be implemented over large areas
May take years to become effective