4. Twin lens reflex Twin lens reflex camera Twin Lens cameras have two look-alike lenses, hence the name "twin lens." The scene before the camera is actually photographed through the bottom lens while viewed through the top lens. As the picture is focused through the top lens, the bottom lens is adjusted at the same time.
5. Single lens reflex The Single Lens Reflex (SLR) uses a series of mirrors so that one may view the scene to be photographed through the same lens that takes the picture. When the shutter release is depressed the lower mirror snaps up, the picture is taken, and the mirror returns to its original position. (Hence, a "reflex" action.) At the time the picture is taken, the viewfinder is blackened for a split second.
8. Media yang sensitif kpd cahaya (Light-sensitive medium) digital sensor filem Semakin banyak cahaya yang jatuh pada media ini, semakain cerah gambar tersebut
9. Kamera Lensa /kanta besarkan dan fokuskan imej pada media sensitif cahaya melalui satu pembukaan (aperture) Shutter Buka dan tutup bila shutter release dilepaskan, benarkan cahaya masuk Media yang sensitif kpd cahaya(light-sensitive device) (filem atau digital sensor) Viewfinder tempat kita lihat melalui kamera untuk pilih bahagian gambar yang diperlukan dan fokus
32. The shutter speeds are 1/30th of a second, 1/60th of a second, 1/125th of a second, 1/250th of a second, etc. Moving from one speed to the next one halves the amount of light that can enter the camera. On the other hand, moving the other way, to a slower shutter speed, doubles the amount of light that can get into the camera. The change from one speed to another (and halving or doubling the light that enters the camera) is called moving a stop .
33. Petua untuk penggunaan shutter speed Shutter speed tidak boleh kurang daripada focal length. Cth: jika guna lensa 200mm, shutter speed sekurang-kurangnya 1/200 sec
34. Aperture The next item we can change on the camera is aperture . The aperture is the hole through which the light passes through to reach the sensor or film. You can actually control the diameter of this hole on your camera. On old style cameras, there is an aperture ring that goes around the outside of the lens. Moving it around changes the diameter of the aperture. Aperture rings look something like this:
37. The following depth of field test was taken with the same focus distance and a 200 mm lens (320 mm field of view on a 35 mm camera), but with various apertures: f/8.0 f/5.6 f/2.8
38. Aperture vs DOF Kawasan mana yang jelas? Jenis aperture apa yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan gambar ini?
42. White Balance Proses mengeluarkan warna yang tidak dikehendaki supaya objek yang berwarna putih akan ditunjukkan sebagai warna putih dalam gambar Berkaitan dengan color temperature – satu cara untuk menyukat kualiti punca cahaya ( It is based on the ratio of the amount of blue light to the amount of red light, ignoring green light) .
48. Rule of Third The rule of thirds simply says that, instead of placing the main focus of interest in the centre of the frame, which gets a little boring, that you look to position it on an intersection of the thirds. That is to say one third up and one third in or two thirds up and one third in etc Placing the boat near the top of the picture tells the viewer that what they are supposed to be looking at is the reflection
53. Layering the child drawing on the ground is the foreground element, but the children behind him add an additional layer. It shows that he is participating in an activity with others and isn’t just by himself.
54. Bright Spots the subject in very bright light wearing colorful clothes while the rest of the image is very dark.
55. Negative Space the sky acts as the negative space and balances the buildings in the frame.
56. Selective Focus selectively focusing on the girl to draw attention to her and separate her from the environment.
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