2. Culture Fusion
What we will be talking about:
The many different types of Fusion that take
place between Chinese cultures and other
cultures
The advantages and disadvantages of this
fusion
Is this fusion helpful or harmful?
3. Types of Fusion
Language Fusion
Cuisine Fusion
Tourist Fusion
Medicinal Fusion (next week)
4. Language Fusion
Chinese has started to be recognized as a
upcoming super power which has sparked the
interest for many to learn how to speak
Chinese
English is a universal language but in order to
do business and close deals without an
interpreter, many people are trying to learn
the language
5. Language Fusion
In order to work for places such as the United
Nations, you are required to know more than one
language at least (3 is ideal)
Because a lot of business trades and deals are being
done with China at a rapid pace and a lot of attention
is being focused on China’s economy and social
standing, it would be beneficial to be able to
communicate with important members of the
country in their mother tongue
6. Language Fusion
English has also made its way into the
Chinese culture
Sayings such as “ok” “bye-bye” “no problem”
are words that are frequently used instead of
using the Chinese version of these words
Increasingly, the use of idioms are being used
by Chinese ESL learners in order to converse
more naturally with English native speakers
7. Language Fusion
Idioms: A group of words established by
usage as having a meaning not deducible
from those of the individual words (e.g.,
raining cats and dogs).
Examples of some idioms:
A Chip On Your Shoulder:
Being upset for something that happened in
the past.
8. Idioms
A Dime A Dozen:
Anything that is common and easy to get.
Close but no Cigar:
To be very near and almost accomplish a
goal, but fall short.
A Piece of Cake:
A task that can be accomplished very easily.
9. Idioms
Eighty Six:
A certain item is no longer available. Or this
idiom can also mean, to throw away
On The Fence: Undecided.
Hold Your Horses:
Be patient.
No Dice:
To not agree. To not accept a proposition.
10. Idioms
Icing On The Cake:
When you already have it good and get
something on top of what you already have.
Let Bygones Be Bygones:
To forget about a disagreement or argument
When It Rains, It Pours:
Since it rarely rains, when it does it will be a
huge storm.
11. Discussion
Are there any idioms that you are familiar
with either because you hear them often or
because you use them yourself? Explain
5 minutes
12. Language Fusion
The rise of ESL schools in China has a
significant impact on the fusion of Chinese
and Western Culture
When learning English you also learn the
basic communication practices of the Western
World (Canada, United States, Great Britain
and other English speaking countries)
13. Language Fusion
Cultural mistakes are said to make people
more uncomfortable than grammatical
mistakes
This means that along with the ESL teaching,
there is an element that includes cultural
education
14. Language Fusion
Culture is a key part of every language which
makes it virtually impossible to teach a
foreign language without also teaching
students about the culture
You cannot teach a language separate from its
culture
Learning about the culture along with the
language helps students gain a deeper insight
into the language that you are learning
15. Language & Culture
Language and culture are closely associated
with each other which means that as much as
culture has an affect on language, language
has an effect on culture.
16. Discussion (10 minutes)
How has learning English helped you to learn
more about Western cultures?
Do you think that you would be as
knowledgeable in Western culture if you had
not studied English as a second language?
How have you benefited from learning about
Western culture?
17. Tourism and Language Fusion
Subway
Tour guides (great wall, forbidden city)
Silk market (Fusion of Chinese culture with
Western Languages)
Great wall tour
18. Tourism and Language Fusion
Subway System
When I first got to China and knew nothing at
all about the subway system, the fact that they
used English helped my journey
Much more relaxed knowing that they speak
in Chinese first and then also in English for
tourists who may be riding the subway
19. Tourism and Language Fusion
Subway Signs
The signs on the subway for each stop are
written in Chinese Characters but also in Pin
Yin for people who are not native speakers
and cannot understand how to read Characters
They do not make Western names for the
stations when helps you learn how to say
certain words properly
20. Tourism and Language Fusion
Subway automated voice is also helpful if you
want to know how a certain subway stop is
pronounced
You can listen to them say the name of the
station and then repeat after them, this is the
easiest way to get familiar with some Chinese
words
21. Tourism Culture Fusion
Beijing has a lot to offer in terms of tourism
culture fusion
This means that there are many traditional
Chinese landmarks and attractions that
represent the history and culture of China for
tourists
Tourists are able to experience and learn
about the Chinese culture with the help of
tour guides who speak and understand
English
22. Tourism Culture Fusion
Forbidden City: there is so much to learn and
see that a tour guide is often helpful to explain
the significance of the certain parts of the
forbidden city
This allows tourists to experience Chinese
culture in their native language (there are tour
guides that speak many different languages)
23.
24. Great Wall Tour
Maybe people come to Beijing to see and
climb the Great Wall of China
Most people are taken on a tour of many other
places along with the Great Wall so that they
can learn more about the Chinese culture
Example: Jade factory, silk factory, pearl
factory, Dr. Tea Olympic stadium
25. Great Wall Tour
On this tour, tourists learn about how pearls
are made, how to tell real jade from fake jade,
how silk is made, drink and learn about
Chinese tea, and they can even get good
massages and meet traditional Chinese
doctors who can help them
30. Silk Street
Silk Street (Chinese: 秀水街 ; pinyin:
Xiùshuǐjiē, aka Silk Market, Silk Street
Market) is a shopping center in Beijing that
accommodates over 1,700 retail vendors,
notorious among international tourists for
their wide selection of counterfeit designer
brand apparels.
31. Silk Street
The Silk Street attracts approximately 20,000
visitors daily (from 9am to 9pm) on weekdays
and between 50,000 and 60,000 on weekends
as of 2006
The original outdoor Xiushui Market (a.k.a.
Silk Alley) was located in Xiushui Dongjie,
south-east of Ritan near the First Embassy
Area of Beijing
32. Silk Street
It attracted 20,000 locals and foreigners on
weekends and reaped a total annual sales
volume of 100 million Yuan (US$12.5m).
Perfect blend of western culture and Chinese
culture
The silk market offers many traditional
Chinese goods as well as many Western
goods
33. Silk Street
In order for people to work at the Silk Market
they have to know many different languages
due to the amount of tourists that shop there
daily
Many vendors are multilingual and are able to
lure you in and bargain with you for a sale
This fuses the well known Chinese art of
bargaining culture with the Western World
34. Silk Street
Bargaining is not often seen in the Western
World unless you are in a Chinese part of
town so foreigners often get addicted to the
thrill of bargaining
You are able to enjoy Western meals and food
chains at or around the Silk market as well as
traditional Chinese food
35. Discussion (5 minutes)
Where are some other places where you are
likely to see culture fusion in China?
Do you think that the Culture Fusion through
tourism is helpful or hurtful to the overall
image of China?
36. Cuisine Fusion
In China: McDonald’s, KFC, Nike and Coke
are some English words that are very popular
in the Chinese language
In the West: words like “kowtow and wok”
and “dim sum” have become very popular in
the West
37. Cuisine Fusion
American Chinese cuisine refers to the style
of food served by many Chinese restaurants
in the United States. This type of cooking
typically caters to Western tastes, and differs
significantly from the
traditional Chinese cuisine.
38. Cuisine Fusion
There are many Chinese specialties that are
not actually seen in China such as “chicken
balls” and “red sauce”
American Chinese food typically treats
vegetables as a side dish or garnish while
cuisines of China emphasize vegetables
39. Cuisine Fusion
Stir frying, pan frying, and deep frying tend to
be the most common
Chinese cooking techniques used in this
cuisine, which are all easily done using a wok
.
There are a lot more steamed and boiled
traditional foods in China which are not in the
West at all
An entirely new kind of Chinese cuisine was
created for the Western World
40. Examples of Western Chinese Dishes
Almond chicken - chicken breaded in batter
containing ground almonds, fried and served
with almonds and onions
General Tso's Chicken— chunks of chicken
that are dipped in a batter and deep-fried and
seasoned with ginger, garlic, sesame oil,
scallions, and hot chili peppers.
41. Examples of Western Chinese Dishes
Sesame chicken— boned, battered, and deep-fried
chicken which is then dressed with a translucent red
or orange, sweet and mildly spicy sauce, made from
soy sauce, corn starch, vinegar, chicken broth, and
sugar.
Fortune cookie —fortune cookies have become
sweetened and found their way to many American
Chinese restaurants. Fortune cookies have become
so popular that even some authentic Chinese
restaurants serve them at the end of the meal as
dessert and may feature Chinese translations of the
English fortunes.
45. McDonald’s
first McDonald's in China in Shenzhen in
1990
During 2008: China was the No 1 growth
market for McDonald's, with 960 restaurants
and over 60,000 employees.
2010: 165 new restaurants in the country with
a plan to add up to 200 outlets in 2011.
46. McDonald’s
half of all new McDonald's restaurants to be
opened in the next three years in China will
feature Drive-Thru’s to appeal to China's
increasingly mobile population
McDonald’s delivery in China and not in
Canada (cater to the high demand in China)
48. KFC
KFC has more of the Culture Fusion than
McDonald’s by introducing dishes that have
never been seen in the Western World
use of local ingredients -- both in its
management team and on its menus.
hired Chinese managers to build partnerships
with local companies in its expansion drive
and used their expertise to offer an array of
regional dishes that appeal to domestic tastes
49. KFC
KFC customers can purchase a bowl of congee, a
rice porridge that can feature pork, pickles,
mushrooms and preserved egg, as well as buy a
bucket of its famous fried chicken.
3,200 KFCs and 500 Pizza Huts in 650 Chinese
cities --stretching from the tropical southern island
of Hainan to the North Korean border and the desert
oases of the ancient Silk Road. KFC’s target: to lift
that number fivefold to 20,000.
50. KFC in Tian’anmen Square
China’s embrace of Yum’s brands -- and vice
versa -- is most apparent in the center of
Beijing, where Colonel Sanders meets
Chairman Mao in Tiananmen Square. On the
ground level of the three-story KFC, an
elaborate mural of the Great Wall greets
diners.
51. KFC
On the second floor, the decor is meant to
resemble a hutong -- the traditional Beijing
neighborhoods that are disappearing to make
way for high-rise office and apartment blocks.
The third floor doubles as a gallery for local
photographers and painters. A plaque at the
entrance describes it as “an exchange channel
between KFC fast-food culture and Chinese
folk culture.”
52. KFC
While other foreign companies entering China
recruited American or Southeast Asian-born
Chinese managers, Yum hired Chinese from
Taiwan, who speak the same Mandarin
Chinese as mainlanders and understand their
culture better
53. Discussion (10 Minutes)
Do you think that it is better if Western Food
Chains come to China and try to integrate
with the Chinese Cuisine like KFC? Or would
you prefer if it stayed typically Westernized
like McDonald’s?
Do you often eat at Western chain
restaurants? Why or Why not?
54. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has
formed a unique system to diagnose and cure
illness.
understanding of the human body is based on
the holistic understanding of the universe as
described in Daoism, and the treatment of
illness is based primarily on the diagnosis and
differentiation of syndromes.
55. With Traditional Chinese Medicine…
feel it through the qualities of its pulse at the
wrist. We can look inside the body through
the appearance of the tongue. We smell and
listen to diagnostically significant changes.
And finally, we interact directly with the
patient to locate issues within their awareness.
57. Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional Chinese medicine the theory of five
elements is used to interpret the relationship between
the physiology and pathology of the human body
and the natural environment.
the five elements are in constant move and change,
and the interdependence and mutual restraint of the
five elements explain the complex connection
between material objects as well as the unity
between the human body and the natural world.
58. Traditional Chinese Medicine
the visceral organs, as well as other organs
and tissues, have similar properties to the five
elements; they interact physiologically and
pathologically as the five elements do.
59. Traditional Chinese Medicine
The order of mutual promoting among the
five elements is that wood promotes fire, fire
promotes earth, earth promotes metal, metal
promotes water, and promotes generates
wood. In this way each of the five elements
has this type of mutual promoting relationship
with the other, thus promoting is circular and
endless
60. Traditional Chinese Medicine
Each of the five elements also shares this
restraining relationship with the other. Mutual
promoting and mutual restraining are two
aspects that cannot be separated.
If there is no promoting, then there is no birth
and growth. If there is no restraining, then
there is no change and development for
maintaining normal harmonious relations.
61. Traditional Chinese Medicine
The aspects involved in each of the five elements are
follows:
Fire: draught, heat, flaring, ascendance, movement,
etc.
Wood: germination, extension, softness, harmony,
flexibility, etc.
Metal: strength, firmness, killing, cutting, cleaning
up, etc.
Earth: growing, changing, nourishing, producing,
etc.
Water: moisture, cold, descending, flowing, etc.
62. Yin and Tang Theory
Traditional Chinese Medicine is based on the
5 elements and the Yin and Yan theory
It is believed that there is a dark side and a
bright side to an object
anything that is moving, ascending, bright,
progressing, hyperactive, including functional
disease of the body, pertains to yang
63. Yin and Yang Theory
characteristics of stillness, descending,
darkness, degeneration, hypo-activity,
including organic disease, pertain to yin.
Yin and yang are always in conflict however,
they are dependent on one another (without
cold there would be no hot, etc)
human life is a physiological process in
constant motion and change through yin and
yang
64. Yin and Yang Theory
If everything is normal: yin and yang are kept
within certain bounds, reflecting a dynamic
equilibrium of the physiological processes
When the balance is broken, disease occurs.
Typical cases of disease-related imbalance
include excess of yin, excess of yang,
deficiency of yin, and deficiency of yang.
65. Acupuncture
The practice of acupuncture is based on the
theory of meridians. According to this theory,
qi (vital energy) and blood circulate in the
body through a system of channels called
meridians, connecting internal organs with
external organs or tissues.
66. Acupuncture
By stimulating certain points of the body
surface reached by meridians through
needling or moxibustion, the flow of qi and
blood can be regulated and diseases are thus
treated. These stimulation points are called
acupuncture points, or acupoints.
Moxibustion is a form of fire heat treatment
that stimulates specific acupuncture points of
the body.
67. Herbal Therapy
Herbal therapy is very popular within the
Chinese culture
There are about 600 different herbs in
common use today.
The herbs have two different elements,
temperature characteristics of the herb and
taste properties of the herb
68. Herbal Therapy
Temperature Characteristics: namely hot (re),
warm (wen), cold (han), neutral (ping), and
aromatic.
Taste properties: namely sour (suan), bitter
(ku), sweet (gan), spicy (xin), and salty (xian).
69. Herbal Therapy
Warm herbs can be used with individuals suffering
from Heat disorders
warm energy must be mixed with herbs with
Cool/Cold energy so that the overall balance of the
mixture is on the Cool side
Cool herbs can be used with people with Cold
disorders as long as the overall balance of the
mixture is war
Neutral herbs are those that are neither hot nor cold,
so they are often considered gentle herbs.
70. Western Medicine
relies heavily upon industrially produced
medications and a strict devotion to the
formal scientific process
all types of conventional medical treatment,
including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation,
and physical therapy.
Treatments and medications pass a strict
review before a patient can receive them
71. Western Medicine
This can be anything from surgery to taking a
painkiller for a headache (Tylenol or Advil)
Western medicine likes to use technology to
isolate the smallest possible particle that may
be diseased all the way down to the electrical
charge of a molecule.
Chinese medicine looks at the larger
perceptions unique to our human senses.
72. Western Medicine
Chinese medicine makes diagnosis without
lab tests.
Unlike TCM practices, Western Medicine
does not listen to what the body is saying
Western approach tends to change the
environment and the Eastern way is to prefer
to adapt to the environment.
73. Fusion
More recently, there has been a change in
patients
More westerners are willing to try out TCM
because they are becoming more concerned
with what chemicals they put into their bodies
In the same breath, there are many Easterners
who are turning to Western Medicine for
instant relief
74. Fusion
You can often hear people in China tell you
that they will go to a Traditional Chinese
doctor for some things but if they have
something like a headache, they would just
prefer to take the Western medication because
they believe in it more
75. Fusion
In the West, more people are becoming
fascinated by acupuncture and herbal
remedies
These practices speak to people who are
getting older in the west or people who are
simply more comfortable with herbal and
natural remedies
76. Fusion
You can see in the West that people are not
only interested in the TCM but they are also
interested in many herbal and medicinal teas
that are said to help certain parts of the body
This has become fascinating to people in the
West because they feel like they can have
more control over their bodies
77. Fusion
Teas for weight loss from China are becoming
very popular and are even being featured on
popular television shows
Teas that are good for reducing blood
pressure and stress are very popular among
the older generations
There are increasingly more and more tea
shops that are gaining a lot of revenue
because of this new market
78. Oolong Tea
Oolong Tea may help reduce cholesterol
build-up in the bloodstream.
Oolong Tea may help burn fat and thus, may
contribute to slimming.
Oolong Tea can help prevent heart ailments.
Oolong Tea can be used for treatment of
digestive disorders.
79. Oolong Tea
Oolong Tea can promote longevity by
stimulating bodily functions and
strengthening the immune system.
Oolong Tea may promote healthier and
stronger bones, protecting people from such
diseases as osteoporosis.
Oolong Tea can also fight against tooth
decay.
80. Pu‘er Tea
Pu’er tea is known to help lower blood
cholesterol levels.
Pu’er tea may help boost the flow of blood
and help enhance circulation.
Pu’er tea may help inhibit the formation and
growth of cancer cells.
Pu’er tea aids in the proper digestion of food.
81. Pu‘er Tea
Pu’er tea may help invigorate the spleen.
Pu’er tea is known to help break down and
thus reduce fat in the system.
Pu’er tea may help remove toxins.
Pu’er tea may help heal aches and pains.
82. Chrysanthemum Tea
Chrysanthemum Tea may help lower blood pressure
and consequently also help in the treatment of other
related ailments, i.e. angina and other heart
problems.
Chrysanthemum Tea may help relieve headaches.
Chrysanthemum Tea may help in the treatment of
colds, fever and the flu.
83. Chrysanthemum Tea
Chrysanthemum Tea may help in the treatment of
such skin problems as acne, boils and sores.
Chrysanthemum Tea is believed to contribute to
clear vision.
Chrysanthemum Tea may help in the alleviation of
dizziness.
Chrysanthemum Tea is believed to contribute to
alertness.
84. Green Tea
healing and preventive processes that cater to
diseases like cancer, heart disease, rheumatoid
arthritis, infections, impaired immune
functions, and cardiovascular diseases
improving the cholesterol rate in the body
human body is cleansed from toxins that
usually cause a lot of health problems
85. Green Tea
rich in EGCG or epigallocatechil gallate. This is a
powerful anti-oxidant that inhibits cancer cell
growth and kills present cancer cells without
harming the rest of the healthy tissues in the body.
prevents the abnormal formation of blood clots in
wounds
effective burning of calories when mixed with
caffeine and the prevention of tooth decay and food
poisoning because of its ability to destroy bacteria as
well.
86. Discussion
Do you prefer Western Medicine or
Traditional Chinese Medicine? Why
Do you often drink tea? Which teas do you
drink the most?
87. Homework
Take pictures this weekend of places that you
notice are symbols of culture fusion. Post this
on your blog and write about the fusion and if
you like it or dislike it and why.
Worth 5%
Notas do Editor
Source: HU Wen-zhong
Source: Valdes (1986) Source: Byram (1988)
Start next week
Source: http://www.tcmpage.com/
Definition: Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease.