Introduction The presentation contains information about the armed conflicts in Pakistan, The losses suffered by Pakistan due to its internal conflicts. Pakistan has lost millions of people due to internal conflicts. All these conflicts are discussed in this presentation. Threat of nuclear war LAL MASJID CONFLICT  Operation Black Thunderstorm  Operation Rah-e-Nijat zarb e azb

1. Armed Conflict Two In Pakistan

2. Armed Conflict Two in Pakistan
• Introduction
• The presentation contains information about
the armed conflicts in Pakistan, The losses
suffered by Pakistan due to its internal
conflicts. Pakistan has lost millions of people
due to internal conflicts. All these conflicts are
discussed in this presentation.

3. Military Stand-off 2001-2002

4. Introduction
• The 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff was a
military standoff between India and Pakistan.
• The military buildup was initiated by India
responding to a terrorist attacks on the indian
parliament on 13 December 2001. (during
which twelve people, including the five men
who attacked the building, were killed).

5. Confrontations
• December–January
• In late December, both countries moved ballistic
missiles closer to each other's border, and mortar and
artillery fire was reported in Kashmir.
• By January 2002, India had mobilized around 500,000
troops and three armored divisions on the Pakistan's
border concentrated along the line of contorl in Kashmir.
Pakistan responded similarly, deploying around 300,000
troops to that region. On 12 January 2002, president Pervez
Musharraf gave a speech intended to reduce tensions with
India. The Indian Prime Minister told his generals that there
would be no attack "for now."

6. May–June
• Tensions escalated significantly in May. On 14 May,
three gunmen killed 34 people in an army camp
near jammu, most of them the wives and children of
Hindu and Sikh soldiers serving in Kashmir.
• The Indian Army was angered by the attack. On 18
May, India expelled the Pakistani High Commissioner.
• The Indian Navy was a part of the joint forces
exercise, Operation parakarm, during the 2001–2002
India–Pakistan standoff.
• This was the only operation to include Cadets in the
history of Indian Defence.

7. Casualties
• The standoff inflicted heavy, non-combat,
casualties. 789 Indian soldiers were killed, all
as a result of mine laying operations. Further,
the total Indian losses were 1,874, which
included killed or wounded.

8. Cost of standoff
• The Indian cost for the buildup was 216
billion (US$3.5 billion) while Pakistan's
was $1.4 billion.

9. Threat of nuclear war
• President Masharraf refused to renounce the
use of nuclear weapons even after pressure by
the international comunity.
whereas PrimeMinister Vajpayee asserted
from the beginning that nuclear weapons
would only be used if the other side used
them first.

10. Conclusion
• In reality the main motives of the Indians were
completely achieved with the Indian
infiltrators were now inside Pakistan, all
prepared to create havoc in the country.

11. LAL MASJID CONFLICT

13. Introduction
• The Lal Masjid was built in 1965 and is named
after its red walls and interiors.
• Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was appointed its
first imam.
• It has been prestigious religious institution during
soviet war(1979-1989).
• Lal masjid and jamiahafsa government officials,
media personal’s persuaded army chief and
president of the Pakistan Pervez Musharraf over
challenge of rit of state

14. Conflict
• Lal masjid issue became a burning issue during
2007, conflictarose, when capital development
authority demolished 7 mosques .
• The two brothers took stand against this issue .
• This issue was conflagrated when Maulana Abdul
Aziz's Fatwa came into limelight in which he
stated that: "No Pakistani Army officer could be
given an Islamic burial if died fighting the Taliban.

15. Siege of lal masjid:
• On July 3, 2007, the stand-off between the
students barricaded inside the mosque .
• Reportedly mostly people were killed and few
were injured.
• Goverment authorities paved a way through a
delegation led by political leaders to give them
safe passage and offered to leave premises
then agreement was done.

16. Aftermath
• The bodies of those killed were buried in temporary
graves, awaiting collection from family members.
• Abdul Rashid Ghazi's supporters attended his funeral in
his Punjabi village, amid calls for holy war the police
and military were placed on high alert.
• Pervez Musharraf, said I will not allow any madrassa to
be used for extremism." Musharraf went on to say that
those members of the military who died had given
their blood for the country.

18. 2008 Lal Masjid bombing
• In the Lal Masjid bombing of 6 July 2008 at 7:50 pm
local time, a 30-year old suicide bomber blew himself
up near the Lal Masjid mosque in Islamabad, the
capital of Pakistan, killing 18 policemen and 1 civilian.
• The bombing occurred on the first anniversary of the
Siege of Lal Masjid and It was likely a revenge attack.
The attack occurred even amid tight security in
Islamabad, where thousands of Islamic students in
Pakistan came to mark the day when Pakistani troops
stormed Lal Masjid. Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman
Malik, who visited the blast site, said about 12,000
students attended the rally and the attack was directed
at police.

19. Conclusion
• If we come to conclude over lal masjid conflict, it
has contributed to address issue’s where
authorities were unable to implement however
the method being adopt to tackle such conflict
was improper and against the law and
constitution of country.
• Hardline religious leaders always reminded of
that day as a black day in the history of country
resulting deaths and causalities of daughters and
sons of nation.

21. Introduction
• The mountain valley of Swat, covering 10,360 sqkm, is about 170km
north-east of the NWFP capital, Peshawar, and about 160km north-west of
Islamabad.
• Swat is one of the seven districts of the Malakand Division in Pakistan’s
North-West Frontier Province, or NWFP
• Talibanization in Swat brought destruction to the peaceful area, and
hundreds of people--anti-Taliban and bystanders were gunned down,
beheaded, kidnapped, or expelled from their homes. These violent excesses
and the reactions throughout Pakistan to them finally forced the Pakistani
government to take serious action.
• Signs of trouble first appeared in the Swat Valley following the rise to
power of the radical cleric Sufi Muhammad, a local leader. Sufi
Muhammad began a relatively peaceful campaign on a slogan “shariat ya
shahadat”(sharia or martyrdom).Then the His son in law Maulana
Fazalullah emerged as the new leader of the TSNM. Now he was the main
military leader in Swat.

22. Status of Swat

23. Main Event
• The roots of militancy in Pakistan can be traced back to the commencement
of the Afghan War in 1979. This war in Afghanistan caused the rise of
militancy and emergence of many militant organizations and Jihadi
movements in Pakistan.
• Maulana Sufi Muhammad, a cleric from district Dir, came on the scene in
1989 with the demand to enforce Shariah in Malakand, and formed Tehreek
Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Muhammadi (TNSM - Movement for the Enforcement of
Islamic Shariah).
• Due to heavy death toll and casualties during TSNM , he was arrested on
his own request by the government and was jailed.
• His son in law Maulana Fazalullah emerged as the new leader of the
TNSM. He started an illegal FM radio channel in 2004 .
• Maulana Fazalullah and his companions had established themselves in
Swat, controlling majority areas of the district and the districts of upper and
lower Dir and started attacking checkposts of Pakistan Army.
• Pakistan Army launched an operation against the insurgents.

25. Operation Black Thunderstorm
• It was an aggressive military operation that commenced on April 26,2009
conducted by the Pakistan Army, with the aim of retaking Buner, Lower
Dir, Swat and Shangla districts from the Taliban after the militants took
control of them since the start of the year.

26. Operation Rah-e-Nijat
• After failing to persuade the Taliban to vacate Buner, Dir,
and Swat, where the militants had consolidated control in
the first several months of 2009, the Pakistani army began
another full-fledged operation on 16 June, 2009.
• On May 20, 2009, in Khyber Pass, Pakistan Army sent a
small teams of Special Service Group (SSG) Commandos,
along with small teams of Army Rangers's Ninth Wing
Company.
• As the teams progressed, the Pakistani commandos had
confronted a large numbers of foreign fighters with a full-
backing support of Taliban militant fighters.
• According to army figures, nearly 1,300 militants were
killed in the 2009 operations in Swat, Dir, Buner, and
Shangla districts, and hundreds more were arrested.

27. Operation Rah-e-Haq (Just Path)
• On June 27, 2008, after disagreements over the sequencing of the
truce terms–Fazlullah insisted that the Pakistani government
withdraw troops from Swat before his fighters would lay down their
arms, while the government wanted the Swat Taliban to disarm
first—Fazlullah.
• Fazlullah renounced the May 21 pact and ordered his armed
volunteers to attack Pakistani security forces on suspicion that
Pakistani intelligence services were spying on his fighters.
• He prompted the army to start new operations on June 29.
• In late June the militants blew up Pakistan’s only ski resort, the
beautiful PTDC Motel in the town of Malam Jabba, and accelerated
their targeted killings and attacks on security forces.
• The Pakistani police were able to operate only in the town of
Mingora, while the rest of Swat was controlled by the Taliban,
which ran its own courts and frequently punished locals for alleged
wrongdoing.

28. • The NWFP government agreed to enforce the Nizam-i-Adl
Regulation, a new act implementing sharia in Malakand, and another
peace agreement was reached on February 15, 2009. This move was
difficult for the secular ANP.
• When Pakistani security forces tried to enforce the treaty, the
militants continued killing government officials, while spreading the
violence from Swat to other parts of Malakand.
• Within two months of the peace deal, the Taliban also spread to
Buner district, just 70 miles from Islamabad, with armed patrols in
several areas, capturing the town of Daggar and some villages, in
what is widely believed to have been the TNSM’s moment of
overreach.
• After Pakistan Army full-fledged operation against militants, Swat
then as of July 2009 the militants have either been killed, fled the
area, or gone into hiding.

29. PTDC Motel
Before and after the attack of Taliban

30. IDPS situation
• The operation caused large scale devastation to the
social and physical infrastructure. Hundreds of
thousands of people were internally displaced.
• These Internally Displaced People (IDPs) have now
returned back to their communities, but are facing
immense and multi-ferrous post conflict complications
• The people of Swat had to pay a huge cost in terms of
losses to local economy and their livelihood.
• Preliminary reports estimated 141,582 families were
internally displaced from District Swat as a result of the
military operation against the militants.

31. Analysis
• Three specific targets of this operation were :
 To discredit and demonise the Taliban.
 To create legitimacy for the military operation, and, selectively, for
the ‘war on terror’.
 To build consensus for the operation.
• The swat operation brought calm back to the valley ending the
frequent bombing of girls’ schools, hospitals, and police stations, the
beheading of opponents and law enforcement personnel, and the
kidnappings and suicide bombings.
• Many people in Swat are now relatively confident that security
forces will not allow Taliban resurgence; in any case, they feel
prepared to meet this challenge if necessary.
• There are few people still clamoring for the implementation of
sharia, as Sufi Muhammad is back in jail, and Fazlullah and his
commanders have either been killed or disappeared.

32. 1970s operation in Balochistan

33. Introduction
• The 1970s operation in Balochistan was a five-
year military conflict in Balochistan, the largest
province of Pakistan.
• The operation was between the Pakistan Army
and Baloch Separatists and tribesmen that lasted
from 1973 to 1978.
• The ethno-separatist rebellion of Balochistan of
the 1970s, the most threatening civil disorder to
Pakistan since Bangladesh's secession, now
began.

34. Launch of Bhutto’s Millitary Operation
• The operation began in 1973 shortly after then-
Pakistani President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto dismissed the
elected provincial government of Balochistan, on the
pretext that arms had been discovered in the Iraqi
Embassy ostensibly for Baloch rebels.
• The ensuing protest against the dismissal of the duly
elected government also led to calls for Balochistan's
secession, met by Bhutto's ordering the Pakistan Army
into the province. Akbar Khan Bugti.
• The operation itself was led by General Tikka Khan and
provided military support by, Iran against the
resistance of some 50,000 Baloch fighters

35. Iranian aid of operation
• When the operation was begun,Muhammad Reza
Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran and Bhutto ally, feared a
spread of the greater ethnic resistance in Iran.
• The Imprial Iranian Army began providing
Pakistan with military hardware and financial
support.
• . Among Iran's contribution were 30 Huey Cobra
attack helicopters and $200 million in aid.

36. End of action
• Although major fighting had broken down, ideological
Schisms caused splinters groups to form and steadily gain
momentum.
• On July 5, 1977, the Bhutto government was overthrown by
General Zia-ul-Haq and martial law was imposed.
• Lieutenant General Rahimuddin Khan as governor under
martial law.
• Atullah Mengaland, Khair Bakhsh Marri sardars , were
isolated by Rahimuddin.
• .The insurgency fell into decline after a return to the four-
province structure and the abolishment of the Sardari
system.

37. Operation Zarb e Azb

38. Introduction
• Pakistan Army launched operation against terrorists
on 15-june-2014.
• It was launched in North Waziristan and some parts
of FATA along with Afghan border.
• Up to 30,000 soldiers are taking part in this
operation.

39. Location Of The Operation

40. Name of the operation
• The operation was named Zarb e Azb
giving reference to the sword of Prophet
Muhammad (SAW) which he (SAW) used
in the battles of Badr and Uhud.

41. Reasons behind the operation
• Failure of negotiations.
• Jinnah Airport attack.
• Attainment of peace.

42. Preparations
• The Pakistani military had prepared for
the operation long before, and the
government prepared for a three-front
operation;
• Isolating targeted militant groups.
• Obtaining support from the political
parties.
• Saving civilians from the backlash of the
operation.

43. Beginning Of The Operation
• The Pakistani Military launched a series of
aerial strikes on militant hideouts.
• At least 25 militants including foreign
fighters were killed on 10 June.
• On 15 June the Pakistani military intensified
air strikes in North Waziristan and bombed
eight foreign militant hideouts, killing as
many as 140 militants.

44.  Pakistani officials requested the Afghan
National Security Force (ANSF) to seal
the border on their side so that militants
do not escape.
 The operation involved the Pakistan Air
Force, Artillery. Tanks and Ground
troops.
 Many insurgents were killed by SSG
snipers while planting IED in Miranshah.
 More than 40 percent of North
Waziristan was cleared of militants in the
first three days of the operation.

45. More then 1100 militants have been
killed since the inception of this
operation.
Security forces have seized 132.5
tonnes of explosives and more than
12000 different types of weapons
during the clearance operation.

46.  More than 82 soldiers have been martyred in this
operation.

47. Outcomes Of Operation Zarb
e Azb
• Terrorists attack wagah border on 2 Nov
2014 which killed 60 people and injured
more than 100 people.

48.  Second and the major outcome was
attack on APS Peshawar.
 Terrorists attacked APS Peshawar on 16
Dec 2014 an killed at least 130 people
which included teachers and students.
 This is said to be the biggest terrorist
activity after the operation.

49. Internally Displaced Persons
(IDP's)
• As a result of the operation, 929,859
displaced civilians were registered by
Pakistani authorities on 14 July 2014.
• Financial support, relief goods and food
packages were being distributed and 59
donation points were established across
Pakistan by the army.
• Camps were formed for IDP’s at Bannu.

51. Conclusion
• Both Pakistan Army and civilians have suffered due to these
conflicts but CIVIC’s research shows that civilians have suffered on a
much broader range.
• During the military standoff both Pakistan and India refused to use
their nuclear weapons which was a good decision as the use of
nuclear weapons was devastating for both countries.
• Lal masjid conflict was a big event which claimed the lives of more
than 1000 pakistani soldiers, hundreds of civilians and 1500
militants.
• Swat operation was a great success of Pakistan Army, they cleared
the place and made it safe for the locals to live in.
• As operation zarb e azb is the ongoing operation so we can not
conclude it but this operation is moving forward with high success
rate and less causality rate so we can say that this operation will be
much bigger success than any previous operation.