1. pandemic H1N1 swine influenza
vaccination
Tahani Bakhsh
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2. Outline
 Introduction
 Pandemic swine influenza virus.
 Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine influenza
virus.
 Limitation of the vaccine.
 Side-effects of the vaccine.
 Conclusion
 References
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3. Introduction
 Over the years, people have been suffering from many sorts of
epidemic respiratory disease.
 History of swine influenza virus :
- In 1976, a new flu virus emerged and caused the Swine Flu
outbreak.
- Then in 2009, the same virus reappeared and was called
2009 H1N1 swine influenza virus .
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4. Introduction
 History of swine influenza vaccination.
- a new vaccine has been well-received and
accepted by public health institutions…
- The vaccine was given to ...
- in 1976 the swine flu vaccine caused…25 death & 500 cases of
GBS.
- the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine had …

5. pandemic (2009) H1N1 swine
influenza virus
 Different &Similar.
- Structure of H1N1swine
influenza virus.

6. The mechanism of H1N1 influenza virus
1) Transmission of 2009 A (H1N1) influenza
virus.
- spread through human to human contacts during
sneezing, coughing….
- The swine flu virus first infected a pig and was transferred
only among pigs.
- However, …
- Antigenic shift often occurs..

7. The mechanism of H1N1 influenza virus
2) Infection of H1N1 influenza virus
 Antigenic drift.

8. Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine
influenza virus:
-The 2009 swine flu vaccine can be divided into two types of vaccines
either inactivated H1N1 virus or attenuated H1N1 virus.
Table 1: the difference between attenuated and inactivated H1N1 influenza vaccine from several
agents.
The agents Attenuated vaccine Inactivated vaccine
(Or (LAIV vaccine
Type of does Is sprayed into nose. Is given as a short.
Sort of the H1N1 virus
in the vaccine Is weakened virus. Is killed virus.
1. Pregnant or breastfeeding
Groups recommended Healthy people from (2-49) years of age women.
.receiving vaccine 2. Anyone with certain chronic
conditions.
3. Weakened immune system.
4. From (6 months- 64 years) of
age.
1. Has allergy of eggs (life- threatening).
H1N1 should not 2009 2. Children under 2years and adults up •A life threatening allergic
:be given to human 50 year. reaction.
3. Pregnant women. •Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS).
4. Weakened immune system.
5. Long-term health problems.
6. Certain muscle or nerve disorder.
Taking H1N1 flu Not be given with seasonal flu attenuated It can be given with seasonal flu
vaccine with other vaccine. attenuated vaccine.
vaccination

9. Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine
influenza virus:
• The action of swine flu vaccination to induce
immune response.
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10. Vaccination of pandemic H1N1
Swine influenza virus:
 Immune memory.
 The use of adjuvant.

11. Limitation of H1N1 influenza
vaccination
 Limitation of efficacy:  Limitation of Usage:
- Little evidence to - Use the eggs to produce
indicate the efficacy of the vaccine.
the vaccine. - the process around 6-12
months to produce
- No sufficient data and vaccine .
observation. - Cannot use “passive
immunization”
- Old swine flu vaccine has
old H1N1 strain.

12. Side-effects of H1N1 influenza
vaccination
 Severe reaction in 1976 H1N1  Mild reaction of 2009 H1N1
influenza vaccination: influenza vaccination:
- cases of Guillain-Barré - Causes
Syndrome (GBS) 3) a severe allergic reaction
- (GBS) leading to immune 4) side-effective problem such as
mediated attack on the nervous redness, muscle aches,
system and respiratory headache and fever.
breakdown and death. 5) but no serious harm or death
because “the virus in inactivated
or attunuated”.

13. Conclusion
 The H1N1 pandemic influenza virus.
 Things should be considered to avoid the
limitation of H1N1 influenza vaccine:
1- finding other method to grow the virus.
2- obtaining sufficient amount of vaccines in short time.
3- further research about...
Also, further studies to evaluate the effectiveness of H1N1 swine
flu vaccination with development diagnostic tests.

14. References
 Rosenthal, K and Tan, J (2007), ‘Practical structure’ in Rapid Review: Microbiology and Immunology,
Mosy Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 126-152.
 Sean, V, Anthony, P, Nancy, A, Fitzgerald, C, Ung, H, Adrian, T, John, K, Lawrence, B and Robert, T
(2008) ,‘Anti-Ganglioside Antibody Induction by Swine (A/NJ/1976/H1N1) and Other Influenza Vaccines:
Insights into Vaccine-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome Irving Nachamkin’, influenza vaccination,
vol.198 (9), 226-243.
 Subbarao, K, Brian, R, Murphy, S and Anthony, S (2006), ‘Development of Effective Vaccines
Commentary against Pandemic Influenza’, Immunity, vol.22(1), 5-9
 Webster, R.G., Bean, W.J., Gorman, O.T., Chambers, T.M. & Kawaoka, Y., (1992), ‘Evolution and
ecology of influenza A viruses’ Microbiol, vol.56(3), 152–179.
 Wonga, L.P & Samb, I.C (2010), ‘Factors influencing the uptake of 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in a
multiethnic Asian population’, Vaccine, vol.28(5), 4499–4505.
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15. Thank you for listening
&
Q
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