1. Alabama High School Graduation Exam
(Social Studies)
. What European movement resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian
goods (after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from Muslims)?
Crusades
. What was discovered as a result of the Crusades? Spices and silks from Asia
. What did the Europeans want to do in order to get these spices and silks?
Discover a new sea route for trade to Asia
. Who was the man who established a school for navigation and is also known as
Henry the Navigator? Prince Henry of Portugal
. What is the name of the instrument that uses the stars to determine location?
Astrolabe
. A magnetized needle that points north is called what? Compass
. What European movement resulted in new art, technology, and a return to
classical thought? Renaissance
. Where did the Renaissance begin? Italy
. What was the movement to reform the Catholic Church called? The Protestant
Reformation
0. Who was the leader of the Protestant Reformation? Martin Luther
1. What terms are used to describe the exchange of goods between Europe and the
Americas after Columbus's discovery? Columbian Exchange
2. What killed almost 80% of the Native Americans because of the Columbian
Exchange? Communicable diseases
3. What were the Spanish explorers called who searched for "God, gold, and
glory"? Conquistadors
4. Who conquered the Aztec Empire? Cortez
5. Who conquered the Inca Empire? Pizarro
6. Who explored the area of present-day New Mexico in 1540 in search of the
Seven Cities of Gold? Coronado
7. Who explored the areas of present-day Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi? de
Soto
8. Who explored Florida looking for The Fountain of Youth? Ponce de Leon
9. Who discovered the Pacific Ocean? De Balboa
0. What was the name of the first American settlement in 1565 by the Europeans?
St. Augustine
1. The first English attempt at colonizing the present-day United States was
sponsored by whom? Sir Walter Raleigh
2. Where was this settlement at? Roanoke
3. What is the failed settlement at Roanoke known as? The Lost Colony
4. What was the first successful English settlement in the New World (1607)?
Jamestown
5. What crop insured the economic survival of the Jamestown colony? Tobacco
6. What was the first representative government in the New World? House of
Burgesses
7. What did the House of Burgesses influenced the establishment of? Congress

2. 8. What was the name of the trading of molasses, rum and slaves between the
Southern Colonies, the Caribbean and West Africa known as? The Triangular
Trade Route
9. What was the main economic system of the colonies? Mercantilism - When a
nations power is measured by its gold reserves
0. The economic system where colonies were supposed to supply England with
raw materials , England make them into finished products and sell them back to
the colonies is known as… colonialism.
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1. What acts were enforced by the English that were already in place and stated
that only English ships carry goods to and from the colonies?
(1760's) Navigation Acts
2. Search warrants that gave customs officials the right to look anywhere for what
they considered illegal goods were called… writs of assistance.
3. What war put the English into debt and forced them to tax and closely monitor
the troops in Boston? It was fought between Britain and France over disputed
lands. French and Indian War
4. What was the name of the peace treaty that ended the French and Indian War?
The Treaty of Paris 1763
5. What was the document that the British Government issued that said no colonist
could settle west of the Appalachian Mountains called? The Proclamation of
1763
6. What was the main reason the American colonies protested against British
rule? Taxation
7. What is a tariff? A tax on imported goods
8. What was the tax on molasses called? The Sugar Act
9. What was the tax on all printed material and paper items called? The Stamp
Act
0. What was the name of the secret group of colonists who came together to
organize a boycott of British goods? The Sons of Liberty
1. What was the name of the women colonists who weaved their own cloth called
homespun so they would not have to purchase British cloth? The Daughters of
Liberty
2. What was the tax on all imported glass, paper lead and tea sold in the colonies?
The Townshend Acts
3. What occurred in 1770 that resulted in 5 colonists being shot and killed by
British troops in Boston? Boston Massacre
4. What was the name of the African-American killed at the Boston Massacre?
Crispus Attucks
5. Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty? Samuel Adams
6. In 1773 Bostonians protested the Tea Act by staging what famous event?
Boston Tea Party
7. What act of colonial protestation resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
being passed by the British parliament? Boston Tea Party
8. What American colonist gave the famous speech stating, "Give me liberty or
give me death?" Patrick Henry

3. 9. Who made the famous ride warning colonists that the "Redcoats were
coming"? Paul Revere
0. Volunteer soldiers ready to fight at a moments notice were called…
Minutemen
1. Colonists who wanted independence from Britain were known as… Patriots
2. As a way to punish the people of Boston for the Boston Tea Party Parliament
passed several measures including forcing citizens to house British soldiers in
their homes, shutting down the port of Boston, restricting town meetings to once
per year and ordering that British high officers charged with major crimes
should be tried in the courts of Great Britain. Theses acts were known as …
The Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts in Britain)
3. What was the first meeting called when 12 colonies sent delegates to
Philadelphia to discuss British tyranny (and take action)? First Continental
Congress
4. Who warned the colonists the British were coming prior to the Battle of
Lexington and Concord? Paul Revere
5. The first skirmishes of the Revolutionary War occurred in what two towns?
Lexington and Concord
6. What is the first shot of the American Revolution known as? The shot heard
round the world
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7. What battle resulted in a huge moral victory for the colonists? The Battle of
Bunker Hill
8. Who served as the commander of the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary War? George Washington
9. What group sent the Olive Branch Petition and wrote the Declaration of
Independence? Second Continental Congress
0. What document did the colonists send to King George III as a final attempt at
peace in 1775? Olive Branch Petition
1. What document was sent to the British informing them of colonial
independence and stated why the 13 colonies should break away from British
rule? Declaration of Independence
2. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson
3. What was adopted by Congress on July 4, 1776? The Declaration of
Independence
4. In the Declaration of Independence what is meant by “all men are created
equal”? All men should be treated the same under the law
5. What battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War (resulting in France
becoming our ally)? Saratoga
6. Where were George Washington's troops encamped during the harsh winter of
1777-1778? Valley Forge
7. What was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War (Cornwallis
surrendered to Washington)? Yorktown
8. What was the treaty called that stated the U.S. was an independent nation from
Great Britain, ended the Revolutionary War and set the United States’
boundaries from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River? Treaty of Paris
1783
9. The U.S. fought the British again in what war? War of 1812

4. 0. What term was used to describe the British navy forcing Americans into service
and was one of the main reasons for the War of 1812? Impressment
1. What law was passed by Jefferson that disallowed trade with other nations
(including Britain) and led to the War of 1812? Embargo Act
2. What was the name of the battle where Andrew Jackson with the help of the
Cherokee nation defeated the Creek Indians? The Battle of Horseshoe Bend
3. At what battle did Francis Scott Key write The Star Spangled Banner? The
Battle of Fort McHenry
4. What battle in the War of 1812 gave the people in the United States great pride
in their country and made Andrew Jackson a hero? The Battle of New Orleans
5. What battle in the War of 1812 took place after the peace treaty had been
signed? The Battle of New Orleans
6. The devotion to one’s country is known as… Nationalism
7. What famous English document (signed in 1215 by King John I) was the
beginning point for representative government and protection of individual
rights and insured the due process of law? Magna Carta
8. Who was the English philosopher who believed that the government should
derived its power from the people whom it governs and who greatly influenced
Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence? John Locke
9. Who believed the right to rule should come from the people and not a king and
wrote the Social Contract Theory? Rousseau
0. Locke, Montesquieu and Rousseau were what type of writers? Enlightenment
1. Jefferson used this idea (Dec. of Ind.), which allows for a people to overthrow
its rulers if their natural rights are no longer being protected. Social Contract
Theory
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2. Why did the Declaration of Independence and the Social Contract Theory exist?
To benefit citizens
3. What French philosopher came up with the idea of a three-branch government?
Montesquieu
4. What religious movement occurred in the 1730s and 1740s in the colonies that
contributed to a sense of independence before the American Revolution? Great
Awakening
5. What was the first set of laws governing the U.S.? Articles of Confederation
6. What famous convention was held to replace the Articles of Confederation with
a more centralized government? Constitutional Convention
7. Why did the Articles of Confederation need to be replaced? The were weak,
had no way tax and had no judicial or executive branch
8. What plan wanted representation in congress to be based on a state’s
population? Virginia Plan
9. What plan wanted equal representation in Congress? New Jersey Plan
0. What was the solution to the problem of representation at the convention
called? Great Compromise
1. At the Constitutional Convention what was the solution to the problem of how
to count slaves for representation purposes? Three-fifths Compromise

5. 2. The Constitution allows for power to be shared between the national
government and the states. What kind of system is this? Federalism
3. The opening paragraph of the Constitution ("We the people...") is called what?
Preamble
4. What part of the Constitution explained the purpose for establishing a
government? The preamble
5. The Constitution calls for a three-branch government creating a separation of
what? Powers
6. Which branch of government makes the laws? Legislative - Congress
7. Which branch of government is responsible for enforcing the laws? Executive –
The President
8. Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting the laws? Judicial -
The Supreme Court
9. What document begins with the phrase “We the People in order to form a more
perfect Union”? The Constitution
00. What is the clause called which gives Congress broad powers and is considered
the “necessary and proper” clause? Elastic Clause
01. A word for strict interpretation of the Constitution is called... Strict
Construction
02. A broad interpretation of the Constitution is called... Loose Construction
03. What addition was made to the Constitution giving further protection for
individual rights against government abuse? Bill of Rights (1st ten
amendments to the Constitution)
04. What papers did Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the
Constitution write? The Federalist Papers
05. What two political parties emerged after the debate over ratification of the
Constitution? Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
06. What amendment abolished slavery? 13th
07. What amendment guarantees protection of the laws for all citizens? 14th
08. What amendment gave the vote to African American males? 15th
09. What amendment gave the vote to women? 19th
10. Who warned Americans about competing political parties and obeying the
constitution in his farewell address? George Washington
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11. Who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and helped shape
a powerful national government? John Marshall
12. What famous Supreme Court ruling established judicial review? Marbury v.
Madison
13. Who were the midnight judges? The name given to those judges appointed by
President Adams before leaving office; led to the Supreme Court case
Marbury v. Madison
14. Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) insured that the national
government controlled interstate commerce? Gibbons v. Ogden
15. Which Supreme Court case (under Marshall) ruled that the national bank was in
fact constitutional? McCulloch v. Maryland
16. What ordinance was passed in 1785 that divided territory in the old northwest
into townships? Land Ordinance of 1785

6. 17. Which ordinance allowed for the creation of 3 to 5 states in the Northwest
Territory and prohibited slavery in the territory? Northwest Ordinance
18. What action allowed Jefferson to double the size of the U.S. in 1803?
Louisiana Purchase
19. Who did Jefferson hire to explore the west? Lewis & Clark ( Sacajawea was
their guide)
20. What areas of the country did they explore? The Louisiana Purchase
territories and the Oregon territory
21. The post-War of 1812 years during James Monroe’s presidency were called
what (because of prosperity, one political party, etc.)? Era of Good Feelings
22. What year did Alabama become a state? 1819
23. Why did congress put tariffs on imports in the 1800’s? To encourage
production of American goods.
24. What did Henry Clay’s American System include? A protective tariff on
American goods, Internal Improvements for roads and canals, and a
national bank
25. The policy that declared that the United States would not interfere in the internal
affairs of European countries or in independent countries in the Americas and
dealt with foreign policies was known as the… Monroe Doctrine
26. What was the spoils system? The practice of giving government jobs to
friends and supporters
27. What president gets credit for establishing the spoils system? Andrew Jackson
28. How did democracy grow before the election of Andrew Jackson? Property
ownership was dropped as a voting requirement
29. What law forced the five civilized tribes of the southeast to evacuate?
(Jackson's tenure) Indian Removal Act
30. What event resulted in the Cherokees marching over 800 miles from Georgia to
Oklahoma (1838)? Trail of Tears
31. List four major trails used by settlers in the western part of the U.S. Santa Fe,
Oregon, Mormon, California
32. What was responsible for the huge migration of people to California? The
California Gold Rush of 1849
33. What western industry was responsible for boomtowns being established in the
1800’s? Mining
34. Who founded the Mormon faith? Joseph Smith
35. Who led the Mormons to Utah? Brigham Young
36. What country did Texas gain its independence from in 1836? Mexico
37. Why did the U.S. fight Mexico (Mexican War) in 1846-1848? Land
acquisition (California and New Mexico territories)
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38. What was the U.S. goal (or fate) named which called for the acquisition of
territory in the west (extending the country from sea to sea)? Manifest Destiny
39. Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau were writers of what movement?
Transcendentalism
40. What were the communities called which tried to make a "perfect society"?
Utopian communities
41. Who led reform in education in the 1800s? Horace Mann
42. What woman led reform in prisons in the U.S.? Dorothea Dix

7. 43. During the reform period of the 1830s and 1840s much of the public called for
abstinence from what? Alcohol consumption
44. The movement to moderate the use of alcohol is known as…The Temperance
Movement
45. What was the movement to end slavery known as? The Abolition Movement
46. What black woman used the Underground Railroad to help liberate hundreds of
slaves? Harriet Tubman
47. What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad? To aid the escaped
slaves
48. What white abolitionist from Massachusetts produced The Liberator? William
Lloyd Garrison
49. What black abolitionist from Maryland and former slave produced The North
Star? Frederick Douglass
50. What famous meeting in 1848 called for women to demand greater equality and
opportunity in the U.S.? Seneca Falls Convention
51. Who hosted this convention were suffragists (people who supported the right for
women to vote? Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
52. Describe the southern economy before the Civil War. Agriculture: mainly
cotton
53. Describe the northern economy before the Civil War. Balanced: industrial
and agricultural
54. What religious movement in the early 1800s influenced people to help others
(leading to all of these reform movements)? Second Great Awakening
55. South Carolina's attempt to void the Tariff of 1832 was called the...
Nullification Crisis
56. What congressional agreement allowed Missouri to become a slave state and
Maine to become a free state? Missouri Compromise
57. What act supported by Stephen Douglas gave popular sovereignty to two
territories just west of Missouri? Kansas-Nebraska Act
58. What congressional solution made California a free state, banned slave trade in
Washington D.C., created the Fugitive Slave Law and gave popular sovereignty
to the New Mexico and Utah territories? Compromise of 1850
59. What was the main issue of the Compromise of 1850? slavery
60. What is popular sovereignty? Before the Civil War, the idea that people
living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be
allowed there.
61. What was the main issue of the Compromise of 1850? Slavery
62. What part of the solution in the Compromise of 1850 upset many northerners
(there were five parts of this solution)? Fugitive Slave Law
63. What political party was formed in the 1850's that was opposed to slavery
expanding into new states (also, it is known as the party of Lincoln)?
Republican
64. What famous court case upheld the right of slave owners as property holders
and disallowed slaves to file court cases? Scott v. Sanford (Dred Scott
decision)
65. Who led the massacre at Pottawatomie Creek, NE and led the raid on the federal
arsenal at Harper's Ferry? John Brown

8. 66. What was one of the reasons southern states began to secede in 1860? The
election of Abraham Lincoln as president.
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67. What state was the first to secede from the Union in 1860? South Carolina
68. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at…Fort Sumter
69. Who was commander and general of the Confederate States (the south)? Robert
E. Lee
70. Who was commander and general of the Union States (the north) at the end of
the war? Ulysses S. Grant
71. What county in Alabama never seceded from the Union? Winston County
72. What was the first capital of the Confederacy? Montgomery
73. Why was Montgomery known as the “Cradle of the Confederacy”? It was
where the Confederate States of America were organized
74. Where was the capitol of the Confederacy moved to? Richmond, Virginia
75. What state was actually split over the decision to secede and eventually became
two states? Virginia (West Virginia)
76. What was the first major battle of the Civil War? First Bull Run
77. What battle resulted in the single bloodiest day of the Civil War? Antietam
78. What major three-day battle did the Confederates (under Lee) lose in
Pennsylvania? Gettysburg
79. What famous speech did Lincoln give at a consecration ceremony where he
reminded Americans of the basic ideal, "All men are created equal?"
Gettysburg Address
80. What battle in Mississippi resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the
Union? Vicksburg
81. What was Lincoln’s main purpose during the war? To save the union
82. What did the Southern States (Confederacy) want during the war? State’s
rights
83. What Union general captured Atlanta and continued southeast to Savannah
destroying everything in his path? General Tecumseh Sherman
84. Where did Robert E. Lee surrender to Grant in 1865? Appomattox
Courthouse
85. What did Lincoln suspend during the Civil War, which deprived citizens of the
guarantee that they could not be imprisoned without appearing in court? Writ
of Habeas Corpus
86. What was the most famous of the Black military units to fight in the Civil War?
54th Massachusetts
87. What act passed during the civil War stated that anyone who would agree to
cultivate 160 acres of land for 5 years would receive the title to that land?
Homestead Act farm = home
88. What act gave each state thousands of acres of land based on the number of
senators and representatives? Each state was required to build one public
university Morill Land Grant Act grant = college
89. What did Lincoln pass on Jan. 1, 1863 granting freedom to slaves in the
Confederate states in rebellion? Emancipation Proclamation
90. What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers were
forced to share crops with landowners? Sharecropping

9. 91. What was the program called that returned southern states to the Union, rebuilt
the South's infrastructure, and attempted to protect the rights of free blacks?
Reconstruction
92. What was the name of the Bureau that was intended to aid both blacks and
whites after the Civil War by providing clothing, food and money to organize
schools for black children and adults? The Freedman’s Bureau
93. What were the laws called passed by southern states attempting to control
freedmen and keeping them in a subservient position literally making them 2nd
class citizens? Black Codes
94. What were northerners called who moved to the South, voted Republican, and
were scorned by southerners after the Civil War? Carpetbaggers
95. What were southerners called who voted Republican after the Civil War?
Scalawags
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96. What southern secret society emerged during the Reconstruction that harassed,
tormented, and killed blacks demanding equality? Ku Klux Klan
97. What man served as president during Reconstruction and whose legacy (as
president) is remembered as being very corrupt? President Grant
98. What congressional solution resulted in Hayes winning the presidential election
in 1876 and Reconstruction ending? Compromise of 1877
99. What were the laws called passed in southern states after Reconstruction that
stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting? Jim Crow Laws
(separate facilities, poll taxes, literacy tests)
00. What type of farming existed in the south after the war where farmers rented
and to grow crops? Tenant farming
01. What 19th century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the
western territories? Railroads
02. Where did the Union Pacific and Central pacific railroad tracks meet?
Promontory, Utah
03. The Homestead Act, the discovery of gold in the west and the transcontinental
led to war with what people? The Native Americans
04. What animal was hunted and heavily relied upon by the Native Americans of
the Great Plains? Buffalo
05. Many Native Americans were forced to live on... reservations
06. What was the name of the act where the United States government attempted to
settle Indians on plots of land to farm? Dawes Act
07. What was the name of the religious ritual that the Sioux nation believed would
bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land? The
Ghost Dance.
08. What event resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops
in 1890? Massacre at Wounded Knee
09. That was the name of the process that developed a faster and more efficient way
of making steel? The Bessemer Process
10. What types of industry was Alabama involved in during the late 1800s
especially around Birmingham? Steel
11. What Alabama city became an important shipping center for industry? Mobile

10. 12. How as the plow improved during the late 1800s? Plowed several furrows at
once.
13. Why did the open ranges used by cattle disappear? Barbwire
14. How did cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets? long drives,
train
15. What types of new equipment was developed for farming in the late 1800s?
Cornhuskers, corn binders, steam powered threshers
16. List three complaints of farmers in the late 1800s. Decline in crop prices,
tariffs, deflation
17. How did the farmers organize themselves to fight big business? Farmer's
Alliance
18. What was the name given to the farmers who organized themselves politically
during this period? The Grange
19. What party formed to address the concerns of farmers and other reformers?
The Populist Party or Populist Movement
20. What did the boll weevil cause to happen to farmers in the South? It caused
them to begin planting other crops
21. Who invented the light bulb and electric generators? Thomas Edison
22. Who invented the telephone? Alexander Graham Bell
23. The only supplier for a particular industry is known as a… Monopoly
24. What were the captains of industry referred to during the late 1800s? Robber
Barons
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25. List three important captains of industry during this time period. Carnegie,
Rockefeller, Vanderbilt
26. Which of the robber barons owned the Standard Oil Company and created a
monopoly in the oil industry? John D. Rockefeller
27. Which of the robber barons owned the New York Central railroad? Cornelius
Vanderbilt
28. Who was the captain of the steel industry, owned railroads, and known for his
contributions to education and colleges? Andrew Carnegie
29. What theory was used to promote competition in the marketplace by stating that
only the strongest businesses will survive? Social Darwinism
30. What was the idea Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy promoted should
give back riches to the community? Gospel of Wealth
31. What novelist wrote many fictional stories promoting the "rags to riches"
theme? Horatio Alger
32. What types of labor problems did early unions try and correct? Unsafe
working conditions, low wages, shorter working hours
33. A number limit set up by laws to limit annual immigration. Quota
34. What type of immigration was banned altogether in the 1920s leading to the
Emergency Quota Act? Asian immigration
35. Why did the American public support immigration restrictions? There was a
fear of foreign influences.
36. What was the movement called which promoted change in government,
business, and social welfare in order to fight corruption in big businesses and
government? Progressive Movement

11. 37. What did Theodore Roosevelt call journalists who were intent on exposing
corruption at the turn of the century? Muckrakers
38. What novel, written by Upton Sinclair, was highly acclaimed for exposing
problems in the meatpacking industry? The Jungle
39. What journalist wrote an expose on Standard Oil? Ida Tarbell
40. What amendment to the Constitution introduced an income tax? 16th
41. What amendment made the election of senators by popular vote? 17th
42. What amendment introduced prohibition as a national law? 18th
43. The stoppage of making selling and transporting of alcohol is known as…
Prohibition
44. What amendment gave women the right to vote and made the U.S. more
democratic? 19th
45. What president introduced important conservation methods to preserve millions
of acres of western lands called the National arks System, established the Food
and Drug Act and had the Square Deal policy? Theodore Roosevelt
46. What act was passed during Wilson's tenure that was intended to break up
monopolies? Clayton Anti-Trust Act
47. How did Wilson change the banking system in the United States in 1913?
Established the Federal Reserve System
48. What commission was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses?
Federal Trade Commission
49. Who was the African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social justice
and equality and was an early leader of the NAACP? W.E.B. DuBois
50. What was the movement called that DuBois lead? Niagara Movement
51. Who was the African American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also
founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881? Booker T. Washington
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52. What African American man was famous for his work as an agricultural
scientist? George Washington Carver
53. What famous Supreme Court decision upheld segregation in 1896? Plessy v.
Ferguson (separate but equal)
54. The United States joined European nations in a race to conquest smaller,
"uncivilized" nations and to gain access to their resources and markets. This
was known as ____________________. Imperialism
55. What was the purpose of imperialism? To expand your country and
economic gain
56. What territory did the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean annex in 1898? Hawaii
57. What name was given to the sensationalistic journalism that served as a major
cause of the Spanish-American War? Yellow journalism
58. What war did the U.S. become involved in 1898 partly as a result of yellow
journalism? Spanish-American War
59. What group of volunteers did Theodore Roosevelt lead in the famous charge at
the Battle of San Juan Hill in the Spanish American War? Rough Riders
60. What group of islands in the south Pacific did the U.S. gain control over as a
result of the defeat of the Spanish? Philippines

12. 61. What was the name of the policy that United States Secretary of State John Hay
promoted that would keep China open to trade for all nations? Open Door
Policy
62. President Roosevelt led the movement to build what canal in Central America?
Panama Canal
63. What was the name of the man who virtually eradicated mosquito carried
diseases in the Panama Canal area by sanitizing and draining areas of standing
water? William C. Gorgas
64. What addendum to the Monroe Doctrine did Theodore Roosevelt justify
American intervention in the South American nations in trouble make?
Roosevelt Corollary
65. Why did Woodrow Wilson pursue antitrust legislation? To keep businesses
from controlling prices and competition
66. What is the term that describes the foreign policy of the United States between
World War I and World War II? Isolationism
67. What were the long term causes of the First World War? Imperialism,
Militarism, Nationalism, Alliances
68. Who were the Central Powers or Triple Alliance? Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Ottoman Empire
69. Who were the Allied Powers or Triple Entente? France, Britain, U.S., Russia,
Italy
70. What was the immediate cause of WWI? The assassination of Archduke
Francis Ferdinand
71. What was the Lusitania? A ship that was sunk by a German U-boat that
killed 128 American’s and led to anti-German feelings in the United States
72. Why did the U.S. enter the war? Sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman
Note, German aggression at sea and the Russian Revolution
73. What types of technological innovations were used in WWI? Tank,
submarine, poison gas and the use of the airplane for fighting
74. What type of fighting took place in World War I? Trench warfare
75. What was the area of land that lay between the opposing trenches called? No
man’s land
76. What were some of the new weapons used during WWI? Submarine, tank,
machine gun an poisonous gas
77. Who came up with the idea of the tank? British
78. What type of technological innovation did the Germans bring to WWI?
Submarine
79. How did the United States raise money to fund World War I? By selling
government bonds
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80. What treaty ended WWI? Treaty of Versailles
81. What were some of the demands of the Treaty of Versailles? Germany had to
admit the war was their fault, they had to pay war reparations and they
had to decrease the size of its military. Germany also lost overseas colonies
and part of its’ land

13. 82. What were the consequences of WWI? Germany gave up parts of its’ land,
Austria-Hungarian Empire broken up, United States establishes the draft
83. What acts contributed to the Nativist hatred of immigrants especially during and
after WWI? Espionage and sedition
84. Name several groups of people who benefited from the diminished workforce
during WWI. Women, African-Americans, Mexican Americans
85. Which country refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles because the League of
Nations was included in it? United States
86. Name the organization in which the nations of the world would join together to
ensure security and peace for all members (14 points). League of Nations
87. Which president supported the League of Nations? Woodrow Wilson
88. Which political party rejected the League of Nations? Republicans
89. What period in American History do flappers, prohibition, the Jazz Age and
bootleggers characterize? The Roaring 20’s
90. African American literary awakening of the 1920s. Harlem Renaissance
91. This type of music grew out of African American music in the south, especially
ragtime and blues. Jazz
92. What type of age is the 1920s referred to as? Jazz Age
93. What period of time is characterized by the jazz age, Model T and flappers?
The Roaring 20’s
94. African American author of "Their Eyes were Watching God", Zora Neale
Hurston
95. List three leading poets/writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Claude McKay,
Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes
96. Who was the extremely talented black jazz trumpet player during the jazz age?
Louis Armstrong
97. Who is the Alabama born man who composed and popularized many blues
songs? W. C. Handy
98. Who utilized the assembly line in his production of automobiles? Henry Ford
99. What was the development of suburbs during the 1920’s is associated with?
The availability of automobiles.
00. Migration of blacks from the South to the North for jobs. Great Migration
01. By 1922, this organization's membership had grown to about 100,000 and by
1924 to 4 million. Ku Klux Klan
02. An intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas that gripped the U.S.
during the 1920s. Red Scare
03. Trial in which two immigrants were given an unfair trial due to their ethnic
background and were eventually put to death. Sacco and Vanzetti
04. Name of the summer in 1919 in which race riots erupted in about 25 cities
nationwide. Red Summer
05. List several technological innovations in the 1920s. Cars, planes, home
appliances
06. People who made and smuggled alcohol illegally during prohibition were
known as…Bootleggers
07. Illegal bars that flourished during prohibition. Speakeasies
08. What amendment repealed the 18th amendment making alcohol legal again? 21st
Amendment

14. 12
09. Court Case over the teaching the theory of evolution in the classroom. Scopes
Trial
10. What lead to the growth of the electrical industry in the 1920’s? electrical
appliances
11. What lead to the growth of the suburbs in the 1920s? the automobile
12. What brought an end to the Roaring 20’s and began The Great Depression?
The crash of the stock market
13. During the Great Depression, this made farmers unable to repay their debts for
land and machinery. Falling farm prices
14. Allowed investors to purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price (10-15%)
and borrow the rest. Buying on margin
15. The severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the U.S.'s entry into
WWII in 1941. Great Depression
16. A region in the Great Plains where drought and dust storms took place for much
of the 1930s. Dust Bowl
17. What was the main cause of the Dust bowl? Severe Drought
18. Who was president during the Great Depression and believed the economy
would adjust naturally without interference form the government? Herbert
Hoover
19. Houses made out of cardboard paper or scrap metal. Hoovervilles
20. What was the name of the president who originated the idea of the New Deal in
order to help the U.S. get out of the Great Depression and was president during
WWII? Franklin D. Roosevelt
21. During his first 100 days Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed this program. The New
Deal
22. This public works project was created in 1933 to help farmers and create jobs
and hydroelectric power. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
23. What act raised the minimum wage to 40 cents per hour, set maximum work
hours at 44 per week and ended child labor under the age of 16? Fair Labor
Standards Act
24. This program provided old-age pensions, disability payments and
unemployment insurance. Social Security
25. What program provided jobs for unskilled workers, mainly artists and
musicians, and constructed government buildings and improved the national
parks? Works Progress (WPA) Administration
26. This program provided employment in the national parks for unmarried men to
work. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
27. This New Deal program insured bank deposits up to $5,000 and gave the public
confidence in the banks? Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
28. This program gave jobs building or improving roads, parks, airports, and other
facilities to the unemployed. Civil Works Administration
29. FDR created this in response to critics who said he was not doing enough for
ordinary Americans. The Second New Deal
30. What was the name of the radio broadcasts where Roosevelt spoke directly to
the nation? Fireside Chats

15. 31. What were loans made to the government with the promise the government
would pay back the interest called (ex. Savings bonds)? War Bonds
32. Name the Axis Powers in WWII. Germany, Italy, Japan
33. Name the Allies. U.S., Britain, France, USSR
34. Leader of the U.S. during the war. F. Roosevelt
35. Leader of the USSR during the war. Stalin
36. Leader of Germany during the war. Hitler
37. Leader of Great Britain during the war. Churchill
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38. Leader of Italy during the war. Mussolini
39. Giving in to someone's demands in order to keep peace. Appeasement
40. Conference in which Britain and France agreed to let Hitler have the
Sudetenland. Munich Conference
41. On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded this country creating WWII. Poland
42. A German tactic in which tanks, soldiers, and moving trucks rapidly attack and
are there before the foe has time to react. Blitzkrieg
43. The buying of munitions with payment up front and requiring the nations to
provide their own transport from the United States was known as… Cash and
Carry
44. The lending, selling or leasing of war supplies to countries whose survival was
vital to the United States defense was known as the …Lend-Lease Act
45. This country began to expand in the Pacific, controlling most of China by 1940.
Japan
46. On Dec. 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked.... Pearl Harbor
47. Women participated in the military during the war by belonging to which
organizations? WASPS, WAVES, and WAC's
48. Under what order was the moving of all Japanese Americans away from
military facilities? Executive Order 9066
49. What was the name of the black combat unit in the Army Air Corps that flew
more than 500 missions during World War II? The Tuskegee Airmen
50. After this battle, Japan was unable to launch any more offensive operations in
the Pacific. Midway
51. This battle was the turning point of the war in the east. Stalingrad
52. U.S. military leader in Europe. Eisenhower
53. What was the name of the operation in November 1942, when troops from
Britain and the United States landed on the beaches of North Africa and began
fighting the German army? Operation Torch
54. What was the name of the largest amphibious (water) assault ever undertaken?
Operation Overlord
55. The great invasion of the beaches of Normandy by the allied troops was
called… D-Day
56. What did the Allied countries call Victory in Europe Day? V-E Day
57. What was the systematic extermination (killing) of 6 million Jews by Nazi
Germany? The Holocaust
58. Places where prisoners of war and political prisoners are confined, usually
under harsh conditions. Concentration camps

16. 59. What was the name of one of the more brutal concentration camps in Poland
during the Holocaust? Auschwitz
60. What was the name of the trials where Nazi War criminals were put on trial for
war crimes during the Holocaust? Nuremberg Trials.
61. U.S. military leader in the Pacific. McArthur
62. Japanese suicide planes. Kamikazes
63. Top-secret project to create the atomic bomb. Manhattan Project
64. Where did the U.S. drop the atomic bomb? Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Read over this 10 times and you will have
a great chance to pass the exam!!!