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•Non-Addictive
•Improve Sleep Latency
•Improve Restorative Sleep
•Improve Autonomic Function
•No Significant AM Grogginess
•Effective as an Adjunct or Standalone Therapy
Innovative Sleep Solutions
2
Indication & Dosing
Sentra PM® for the dietary management of
sleep disorders associated with:
• Fibromyalgia
• Depression
• Autonomic Abnormalities
• PTSD
Recommended Dosing:
2 capsules QD, 30 minutes before
bedtime or as directed by physician.
3
Fall Asleep Faster with Sentra PM®
After a 14 day administration of Sentra PM, subjects fell asleep 41 minutes faster when compared
to baseline. Sentra PM was more effective than placebo or placebo and trazodone (50mg) at
improving sleep latency.*
* Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4
4
-17
-28
41*
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Time(min) Improvement in Sleep Latency
pla/pla pla/tra Sentra PM/pla
*p<0.01
n=111
After a 14 day administration of Sentra PM as an adjunct to trazodone (50mg), subjects
experienced a statistically significant improvement in quality of sleep compared to placebo,
placebo and Sentra PM and placebo and tazodone (50mg).*
* Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System
Disease; 2012:4
Sentra PM® Effective as an Adjunct Therapy
5
0.95
1.98
3.86**
6.48**
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ChangeinVAS10ptscale(PSEQ)
Improvement in Quality of Sleep
pla/pla pla/tra Sentra PM/pla Sentra PM/tra
**p<0.001
n=111
After 14 days of administration of Sentra PM and trazodone (50mg), subjects reported a
statistically significant reduction in feelings of depression compared to placebo, placebo and
Trazodone (50mg), or Sentra PM.*
* Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease;
2012:4
Sentra PM® Effective as an Adjunct Therapy
6
1.13
-0.922**
-1.15**
-2.3**
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
ChangeinVAS10ptScale(PSEQ)
Improvement in Feelings of Depression
pla/pla pla/tra Sentra PM/pla Sentra PM/tra
* p<0.01
**p<0.001
n=111
* p<0.01
**p<0.001
n=111
After a 14 day administration of Sentra PM or trazodone (50mg) and Sentra PM, subjects
experienced a statistically significant improvement in nighttime parasympathetic nervous system
activity from midnight to 5am compared to placebo and placebo and trazodone (50mg).*
* Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease;
2012:4
Sentra PM® Improves Nighttime Parasympathetic Function
7
-125.55
-218.11
913.3
1752.65
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
ChangeinCircadianIndex
Change in Nighttime Parasympathetic Activity
pla/pla pla/Trazadone Sentra PM/placebo Sentra PM/Trazadone
p<0.001
n=111
Increased Nutritional Requirements
When physiologic needs are altered by
depression, fibromyalgia, or other disorders
that increase metabolic demand and disrupt
homeostasis, the usual rate of synthesis is no
longer sufficient and these amino acids,
nutrients, and biogenic amines become
conditionally essential. (1-2)
The altered metabolic processes associated
with these disease states require additional
amounts of glutamine, choline, and
tryptophan to address specific nutritional
deficiencies.(1-4)
Sentra PM is a source of amino acids,
biogenic amines, and other nutrients
formulated to address specific nutritional
deficiencies in patients with sleep disorders
associated with fibromyalgia, depression,
dysautonomia and PTSD.
8
1. Wurtman RJ. Nutrients affecting brain composition and behavior. Integr Psychiatry 1987;5:226-238.
2. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Vipraio GA, Fletcher EM, Wall K. Serum amino acids in fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol Suppl 1989;19:158-163.
3. Zeisel SH. Dietary influences on neurotransmission. Adv Pediatr 1986;33:23-47.
4. Fernstrom JD. Dietary precursors and brain neurotransmitter formation. Annual Rev Med 1981;32:413-425.
Disordered metabolic processes can alter the
balance of amino acids and nutrients leading to an
imbalance in nervous system activity.
Pharmacodynamics
The pharmacodynamic properties of Sentra
PM® are directly related to the effects of the
amino acid precursors on neurotransmitter
activity which are responsible for altering
electrical activity in specific areas of the brain
that regulate sleep and wake cycles.
The use of Sentra PM in the management of
sleep disorders associated with fibromyalgia,
depression, and PTSD is supported by
experimental and clinical data which have
identified specific roles for each ingredient in
modulation of pain, mood, autonomic function
and the sleep-wake cycle.
Sentra PM is formulated with Targeted Cellular
Technology (TCT) a patented integrated
molecular system that delivers milligram
quantities of amino acids and other ingredients
to targeted cells in a time sensitive manner
and in specific ratios efficiently promote
neurotransmitter production.
9
Amino acids and nutrients are the precursors to the
neurotransmitters that regulate the sleep-wake cycle
and nervous system function.
Why is Sentra PM ® a good choice?
No Reported Adverse Side Effects or Attenuation
• No significant morning grogginess*
• No potential for addiction
• No tolerance build up
Effective, Non-Addictive Sleep Medication
• Reduces sleep latency*
• Increases nighttime parasympathetic autonomic nervous system function*
*Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System
Disease; 2012:4
Effective Adjunct Therapy
• Co-administration with a low dose antidepressant improves feelings of
depression*
10
Clinical Applications of Sentra PM®
Replace or Augment Common Sleep Therapies
• Hypnotics, SSRIs or other sedatives can be addictive or
have dangerous side effects
• Sentra PM can be administered as an adjunct to a low
dose anti-depressant*
• Sentra PM can improve autonomic nervous system
dysfunction associated with pain syndromes, PTSD and
depression
*Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease;
2012:4
11
Safety Information
PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
Sentra PM® is contraindicated in an extremely small number of
patients with hypersensitivity to any of the nutritional components of
Sentra PM.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Ingestion of L-Tryptophan, L-Arginine, or Choline at high doses of up to
15 grams daily is generally well tolerated. The most common adverse
reactions of higher doses — from 15 to 30 grams daily — are nausea,
abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Sentra PM contains less than 1 gram
per dose of amino acids however, some patients may experience these
symptoms at lower doses. The total combined amount of amino acids
in each Sentra PM capsule does not exceed 400 mg.
12
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Sentra PM® does not directly influence the pharmacokinetics of
prescription drugs. Clinical experience has shown that
administration of Sentra PM may allow for lowering the dose of
co-administered drugs under physician supervision.
OVERDOSE
There is a negligible risk of overdose with Sentra PM as the total
amount of amino acids in a one month supply (60 capsules) is less
than 20 grams. Overdose symptoms may include diarrhea,
weakness, and nausea.
Safety Information
13
Select References
1. Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB. Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback. J Biol Rhythms 2006;21:482-493.
2. Turek FW, Dugovic C, Zee PC. Current understanding of the circadian clock and the clinical implications for neurological disorders. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1781-1787.
3. Gallopin T, Fort P, Eggermann E et al. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature 2000;404:992-995.
4. Dickenson AH, Chapman V, Green GM. The pharmacology of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid-mediated events in the transmission and modulation of pain in the spinal
cord. Gen Pharmacol 1997;28:633-638.
5. Johnston GA. Medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology of GABA(C) receptors. Curr Top Med Chem 2002;2:903-913.
6. Danneberg P, Weber KH. Chemical structure and biological activity of the diazepines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;16 Suppl 2:231S-244S.
7. Moore RY. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep-wake regulation. Sleep Med 2007;8 Suppl 3:27-33.
8. Silver R, Lesauter J. Circadian and homeostatic factors in arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1129:263-274.
9. Benarroch EE. Suprachiasmatic nucleus and melatonin: reciprocal interactions and clinical correlations. Neurology 2008;71:594-598.
10. Zimmermann RC, McDougle CJ, Schumacher M et al. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on nocturnal melatonin secretion in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
1993;76:1160-1164.
11. Bunney JN, Potkin SG. Circadian abnormalities, molecular clock genes and chronobiological treatments in depression. Br Med Bull 2008;86:23-32.
12. Buijs RM, la Fleur SE, Wortel J et al. The suprachiasmatic nucleus balances sympathetic and parasympathetic output to peripheral organs through separate preautonomic
neurons. J Comp Neurol 2003;464:36-48.
13. Horner RL. Is there a rationale in modulating brainstem neurons in obstructive sleep apnea and is it clinically relevant? Sleep 2000;23 Suppl 4:S179-S181.
14. Markov D, Goldman M. Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: neurobiologic mechanisms underlying sleep and wakefulness. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2006;29:841-853.
15. Buckley TM, Schatzberg AF. On the interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sleep: normal HPA axis activity and circadian rhythm, exemplary sleep
disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:3106-3114.
16. Morin LP. Serotonin and the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythmicity. Ann Med 1999; 31:12-33.
17. Gvilia I, Xu F, McGinty D, Szymusiak R. Homeostatic regulation of sleep: a role for preoptic area neurons. J Neurosci 2006;26:9426-9433.
18. Hogg RC, Raggenbass M, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to brain function. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2003;147:1-46.
19. Martyn JA, Fagerlund MJ, Eriksson LI. Basic principles of neuromuscular transmission. Anaesthesia 2009;64 Suppl 1:1-9.
20. Parker AJ, Wessely S, Cleare AJ. The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Psychol Med 2001;31:1331-1345.
21. Neeck G, Crofford LJ. Neuroendocrine perturbations in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000;26:989-1002.
22. Gur A, Oktayoglu P. Central nervous system abnormalities in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: new concepts in treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2008;14:1274-1294.
23. Szymusiak R, McGinty D. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1129:275-286.
24. Seifritz E. Contribution of sleep physiology to depressive pathophysiology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25:S85-S88.
25. Carlsson A. Interaction between dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15 Suppl 1 Pt A:616A-617A.
26. Gillin JC, Salin-Pascual R, Velazquez-Moctezuma J, Shiromani P, Zoltoski R. Cholinergic receptor subtypes and REM sleep in animals and normal controls. Prog Brain Res
1993;98:379-387.
27. Guha M, Biswas S, Poddar MK. Possible involvement of central cholinergic-serotoninergic interaction in natural sleep. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1988;10:243-245.
28. Huwig-Poppe C, Voderholzer U, Backhaus J, Riemann D, Konig A, Hohagen F. The tryptophan depletion test. Impact on sleep in healthy subjects and patients with obsessive-
compulsive disorder. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999;467:35-42.
29. Fernstrom JD. Effects of the diet and other metabolic phenomena on brain tryptophan uptake and serotonin synthesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991;294:369-376.
30. Jouvet M. Sleep and serotonin: an unfinished story. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21:24S-27S.
31. Nitz D, Siegel J. GABA release in the dorsal raphe nucleus: role in the control of REM sleep. Am J Physiol 1997;273:R451-R455.
32. Marks GA, Roffwarg HP. The cholinergic influence upon rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is dependent on state of arousal. Brain Res 1989;494:294-306.
For More Information
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Natural Options for Sleep Disorders

  • 1.
  • 2. •Non-Addictive •Improve Sleep Latency •Improve Restorative Sleep •Improve Autonomic Function •No Significant AM Grogginess •Effective as an Adjunct or Standalone Therapy Innovative Sleep Solutions 2
  • 3. Indication & Dosing Sentra PM® for the dietary management of sleep disorders associated with: • Fibromyalgia • Depression • Autonomic Abnormalities • PTSD Recommended Dosing: 2 capsules QD, 30 minutes before bedtime or as directed by physician. 3
  • 4. Fall Asleep Faster with Sentra PM® After a 14 day administration of Sentra PM, subjects fell asleep 41 minutes faster when compared to baseline. Sentra PM was more effective than placebo or placebo and trazodone (50mg) at improving sleep latency.* * Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4 4 -17 -28 41* -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Time(min) Improvement in Sleep Latency pla/pla pla/tra Sentra PM/pla *p<0.01 n=111
  • 5. After a 14 day administration of Sentra PM as an adjunct to trazodone (50mg), subjects experienced a statistically significant improvement in quality of sleep compared to placebo, placebo and Sentra PM and placebo and tazodone (50mg).* * Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4 Sentra PM® Effective as an Adjunct Therapy 5 0.95 1.98 3.86** 6.48** 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ChangeinVAS10ptscale(PSEQ) Improvement in Quality of Sleep pla/pla pla/tra Sentra PM/pla Sentra PM/tra **p<0.001 n=111
  • 6. After 14 days of administration of Sentra PM and trazodone (50mg), subjects reported a statistically significant reduction in feelings of depression compared to placebo, placebo and Trazodone (50mg), or Sentra PM.* * Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4 Sentra PM® Effective as an Adjunct Therapy 6 1.13 -0.922** -1.15** -2.3** -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 ChangeinVAS10ptScale(PSEQ) Improvement in Feelings of Depression pla/pla pla/tra Sentra PM/pla Sentra PM/tra * p<0.01 **p<0.001 n=111 * p<0.01 **p<0.001 n=111
  • 7. After a 14 day administration of Sentra PM or trazodone (50mg) and Sentra PM, subjects experienced a statistically significant improvement in nighttime parasympathetic nervous system activity from midnight to 5am compared to placebo and placebo and trazodone (50mg).* * Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4 Sentra PM® Improves Nighttime Parasympathetic Function 7 -125.55 -218.11 913.3 1752.65 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 ChangeinCircadianIndex Change in Nighttime Parasympathetic Activity pla/pla pla/Trazadone Sentra PM/placebo Sentra PM/Trazadone p<0.001 n=111
  • 8. Increased Nutritional Requirements When physiologic needs are altered by depression, fibromyalgia, or other disorders that increase metabolic demand and disrupt homeostasis, the usual rate of synthesis is no longer sufficient and these amino acids, nutrients, and biogenic amines become conditionally essential. (1-2) The altered metabolic processes associated with these disease states require additional amounts of glutamine, choline, and tryptophan to address specific nutritional deficiencies.(1-4) Sentra PM is a source of amino acids, biogenic amines, and other nutrients formulated to address specific nutritional deficiencies in patients with sleep disorders associated with fibromyalgia, depression, dysautonomia and PTSD. 8 1. Wurtman RJ. Nutrients affecting brain composition and behavior. Integr Psychiatry 1987;5:226-238. 2. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Vipraio GA, Fletcher EM, Wall K. Serum amino acids in fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol Suppl 1989;19:158-163. 3. Zeisel SH. Dietary influences on neurotransmission. Adv Pediatr 1986;33:23-47. 4. Fernstrom JD. Dietary precursors and brain neurotransmitter formation. Annual Rev Med 1981;32:413-425. Disordered metabolic processes can alter the balance of amino acids and nutrients leading to an imbalance in nervous system activity.
  • 9. Pharmacodynamics The pharmacodynamic properties of Sentra PM® are directly related to the effects of the amino acid precursors on neurotransmitter activity which are responsible for altering electrical activity in specific areas of the brain that regulate sleep and wake cycles. The use of Sentra PM in the management of sleep disorders associated with fibromyalgia, depression, and PTSD is supported by experimental and clinical data which have identified specific roles for each ingredient in modulation of pain, mood, autonomic function and the sleep-wake cycle. Sentra PM is formulated with Targeted Cellular Technology (TCT) a patented integrated molecular system that delivers milligram quantities of amino acids and other ingredients to targeted cells in a time sensitive manner and in specific ratios efficiently promote neurotransmitter production. 9 Amino acids and nutrients are the precursors to the neurotransmitters that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and nervous system function.
  • 10. Why is Sentra PM ® a good choice? No Reported Adverse Side Effects or Attenuation • No significant morning grogginess* • No potential for addiction • No tolerance build up Effective, Non-Addictive Sleep Medication • Reduces sleep latency* • Increases nighttime parasympathetic autonomic nervous system function* *Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4 Effective Adjunct Therapy • Co-administration with a low dose antidepressant improves feelings of depression* 10
  • 11. Clinical Applications of Sentra PM® Replace or Augment Common Sleep Therapies • Hypnotics, SSRIs or other sedatives can be addictive or have dangerous side effects • Sentra PM can be administered as an adjunct to a low dose anti-depressant* • Sentra PM can improve autonomic nervous system dysfunction associated with pain syndromes, PTSD and depression *Shell, et al. “Sentra PM and Trazodone for the management of Sleep Disorders” Journal of Central Nervous System Disease; 2012:4 11
  • 12. Safety Information PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS Sentra PM® is contraindicated in an extremely small number of patients with hypersensitivity to any of the nutritional components of Sentra PM. ADVERSE REACTIONS Ingestion of L-Tryptophan, L-Arginine, or Choline at high doses of up to 15 grams daily is generally well tolerated. The most common adverse reactions of higher doses — from 15 to 30 grams daily — are nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Sentra PM contains less than 1 gram per dose of amino acids however, some patients may experience these symptoms at lower doses. The total combined amount of amino acids in each Sentra PM capsule does not exceed 400 mg. 12
  • 13. DRUG INTERACTIONS Sentra PM® does not directly influence the pharmacokinetics of prescription drugs. Clinical experience has shown that administration of Sentra PM may allow for lowering the dose of co-administered drugs under physician supervision. OVERDOSE There is a negligible risk of overdose with Sentra PM as the total amount of amino acids in a one month supply (60 capsules) is less than 20 grams. Overdose symptoms may include diarrhea, weakness, and nausea. Safety Information 13
  • 14. Select References 1. Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB. Neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback. J Biol Rhythms 2006;21:482-493. 2. Turek FW, Dugovic C, Zee PC. Current understanding of the circadian clock and the clinical implications for neurological disorders. Arch Neurol 2001;58:1781-1787. 3. Gallopin T, Fort P, Eggermann E et al. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature 2000;404:992-995. 4. Dickenson AH, Chapman V, Green GM. The pharmacology of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid-mediated events in the transmission and modulation of pain in the spinal cord. Gen Pharmacol 1997;28:633-638. 5. Johnston GA. Medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology of GABA(C) receptors. Curr Top Med Chem 2002;2:903-913. 6. Danneberg P, Weber KH. Chemical structure and biological activity of the diazepines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;16 Suppl 2:231S-244S. 7. Moore RY. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep-wake regulation. Sleep Med 2007;8 Suppl 3:27-33. 8. Silver R, Lesauter J. Circadian and homeostatic factors in arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1129:263-274. 9. Benarroch EE. Suprachiasmatic nucleus and melatonin: reciprocal interactions and clinical correlations. Neurology 2008;71:594-598. 10. Zimmermann RC, McDougle CJ, Schumacher M et al. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on nocturnal melatonin secretion in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:1160-1164. 11. Bunney JN, Potkin SG. Circadian abnormalities, molecular clock genes and chronobiological treatments in depression. Br Med Bull 2008;86:23-32. 12. Buijs RM, la Fleur SE, Wortel J et al. The suprachiasmatic nucleus balances sympathetic and parasympathetic output to peripheral organs through separate preautonomic neurons. J Comp Neurol 2003;464:36-48. 13. Horner RL. Is there a rationale in modulating brainstem neurons in obstructive sleep apnea and is it clinically relevant? Sleep 2000;23 Suppl 4:S179-S181. 14. Markov D, Goldman M. Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: neurobiologic mechanisms underlying sleep and wakefulness. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2006;29:841-853. 15. Buckley TM, Schatzberg AF. On the interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sleep: normal HPA axis activity and circadian rhythm, exemplary sleep disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:3106-3114. 16. Morin LP. Serotonin and the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythmicity. Ann Med 1999; 31:12-33. 17. Gvilia I, Xu F, McGinty D, Szymusiak R. Homeostatic regulation of sleep: a role for preoptic area neurons. J Neurosci 2006;26:9426-9433. 18. Hogg RC, Raggenbass M, Bertrand D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to brain function. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2003;147:1-46. 19. Martyn JA, Fagerlund MJ, Eriksson LI. Basic principles of neuromuscular transmission. Anaesthesia 2009;64 Suppl 1:1-9. 20. Parker AJ, Wessely S, Cleare AJ. The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Psychol Med 2001;31:1331-1345. 21. Neeck G, Crofford LJ. Neuroendocrine perturbations in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000;26:989-1002. 22. Gur A, Oktayoglu P. Central nervous system abnormalities in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: new concepts in treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2008;14:1274-1294. 23. Szymusiak R, McGinty D. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1129:275-286. 24. Seifritz E. Contribution of sleep physiology to depressive pathophysiology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25:S85-S88. 25. Carlsson A. Interaction between dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15 Suppl 1 Pt A:616A-617A. 26. Gillin JC, Salin-Pascual R, Velazquez-Moctezuma J, Shiromani P, Zoltoski R. Cholinergic receptor subtypes and REM sleep in animals and normal controls. Prog Brain Res 1993;98:379-387. 27. Guha M, Biswas S, Poddar MK. Possible involvement of central cholinergic-serotoninergic interaction in natural sleep. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1988;10:243-245. 28. Huwig-Poppe C, Voderholzer U, Backhaus J, Riemann D, Konig A, Hohagen F. The tryptophan depletion test. Impact on sleep in healthy subjects and patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999;467:35-42. 29. Fernstrom JD. Effects of the diet and other metabolic phenomena on brain tryptophan uptake and serotonin synthesis. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991;294:369-376. 30. Jouvet M. Sleep and serotonin: an unfinished story. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21:24S-27S. 31. Nitz D, Siegel J. GABA release in the dorsal raphe nucleus: role in the control of REM sleep. Am J Physiol 1997;273:R451-R455. 32. Marks GA, Roffwarg HP. The cholinergic influence upon rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is dependent on state of arousal. Brain Res 1989;494:294-306.
  • 15. For More Information Visit www.tmedpharma.com