Chapter 1

1. VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, QUESTIONS AND USES

2. Subject Pronouns
Masculine Feminine Objects/Animals
PLURAL
SINGULAR

3. Affirmative (+) Form
PRONOUN VERB TO BE SHORT FORM
I AM I’M
YOU ARE YOU’RE
HE IS HE’S
SHE IS SHE’S
IT IS IT’S
WE ARE WE’RE
YOU ARE YOU’RE
THEY ARE THEY’RE

4. Affirmative (+) Form: Examples
I AM A TEACHER.
I’M A TEACHER.
YOU ARE A
STUDENT.
YOU’RE A STUDENT.
HE IS A BOY.
HE’S A BOY.
SHE IS A WOMAN.
SHE’S A WOMAN.
IT IS A BOOK.
IT’S A BOOK.

5. Affirmative (+) Form: Examples
WE ARE
FRIENDS.
WE’RE FRIENDS.
YOU ARE STUDENTS.
YOU’RE STUDENTS.
THEY ARE BROTHER AND
SISTER.
THEY’RE BROTHER AND SISTER.

6. Negative (-) Form
PRONOUN VERB TO BE +
NOT
SHORT FORM
I AM NOT I’M NOT
YOU ARE NOT YOU AREN’T
HE IS NOT HE ISN’T
SHE IS NOT SHE ISN’T
IT IS NOT IT ISN’T
WE ARE NOT WE AREN’T
YOU ARE NOT YOU AREN’T
THEY ARE NOT THEY AREN’T
EXAMPLES:
YOU ARE NOT A
STUDENT.
YOU AREN’T A STUDENT.
HE IS NOT A GIRL.
HE ISN’T A GIRL.

7. Questions (?)
VERB TO BE PRONOUN
AM I......?
ARE YOU......?
IS HE......?
IS SHE......?
IS IT......?
ARE WE......?
ARE YOU......?
ARE THEY......?
EXAMPLES:
IS SHE A WOMAN?
• YES, SHE IS. NOT YES,
SHE’S.
• NO, SHE ISN’T.
ARE THEY BROTHER AND SISTER?
• YES, THEY ARE. NOT YES,
THEY’RE.
• NO, THEY AREN’T.

8. VERB TO BE: USES
 DESCRIPTION: BRAZIL IS BEAUTIFUL.
 FEELINGS: THEY ARE HAPPY TODAY.
 CLASSIFICATION/DEFINITION: BRASÍLIA IS THE CAPITAL OF
BRAZIL.
I AM A TEACHER.
 LOCATION: I AM IN ESPÍRITO SANTO.

9. VERB TO BE: USES
 NATIONALITY: WE ARE FROM BRAZIL.
WE ARE BRAZILIANS.
 AGE: SHE IS 25 YEARS OLD.
 WEATHER: IT IS HOT IN RIO DE JANEIRO.
 TIME: IT IS 7 O’CLOCK.