OzFlux presentation
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The OzFlux presentation from first day of TERN Symposium 2011
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OzFlux presentation
- 1. OzFlux The Australian flux and ecosystem research network Presentation by Dr Helen Cleugh, Dr Eva van Gorsel and Dr Ray Leuning
- 2. Purpose of Facility Terrestrial ecosystems modulate climate Globally, terrestrial ecosystems sequester about 25% of CO2 emissions. Impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystem functioning can be informed and quantified by energy, water and carbon budgets RG Anderson et al. Front Ecol Environ 2010; doi:10.1890/090179
- 3. Purpose of Facility H ET Q measure flows of carbon and water (NEE, ET) measure flows of energy (radiation Q, heat H) Drivers: above-canopy meteorology (Q, T, VPD) soil temperature, moisture and heat fluxes Analysis and Interpretation: within-canopy temperature, CO2, humidity and wind profiles Q NEE
- 4. Key Questions being Addressed M. Williams et al. www.biogeosciences.net/6/1341/2009/
- 5. Key Questions being Addressed Tumbarumba shortwave incoming radiation soil temperature PIs: van Gorsel and Leuning vapour pressure deficit soil water content leaf area index 1 hour 3 month 1 year
- 6. Key Questions being Addressed A decade of hourly measurements at Tumbarumba flux station (E.delegatensis)
- 7. Key Questions being Addressed A decade of hourly measurements at Tumbarumba flux station (E.delegatensis) annual water use (E) annual carbon uptake (NEE)
- 8. Infrastructure to be Delivered A network of flux stations delivering nationally consistent observations of energy, carbon and water fluxes Common and long-term set of core measurements Quality-controlled data sets available via TERN portal
- 9. Infrastructure to be Delivered A network of flux stations delivering nationally consistent observations of energy, carbon and water fluxes Common and long-term set of core measurements Quality-controlled data sets available via TERN portal Understanding ecosystem function and biogeochemical cycles for ecosystem and land surface models Provide parameter values Evaluate uncertainties in model performance for Australian ecosystems Data needed to quantify water and carbon balances under existing and future climates Understanding ecosystem response to climate change Advancing climate and Earth system science; especially ACCESS development
- 10. Infrastructure to be Delivered
- 11. Infrastructure to be Delivered
- 12. Our plan for community engagement M. Williams et al. www.biogeosciences.net/6/1341/2009/
- 13. Our plan for community engagement M. Williams et al. www.biogeosciences.net/6/1341/2009/
- 14. Our plan for community engagement M. Williams et al. www.biogeosciences.net/6/1341/2009/
- 15. Our plan for community engagement M. Williams et al. www.biogeosciences.net/6/1341/2009/
- 18. Our plan for community engagement
- 19. Acknowledgements ARC ACCSP DCCEE Bushfire CRC TRaCK CSIRO James Cook University Queensland University of Technology Monash University University of Melbourne Forestry Tasmania University of Adelaide Charles Darwin University University of Technology, Sydney The University of Sydney University of Waikato, NZ Landcare Research, NZ
- 20. Facility Contact Details THANK YOU Eva van Gorsel eva.vangorsel@csiro.au Helen Cleugh helen.cleugh@csiro.au
Notas do Editor
- BackgroundTerrestrial ecosystems modulate climateFigure: Effects of forest and non-forest ecosystems on surface energy fluxes in tropical, temperate winter, temperate summer, boreal winter, and boreal summer scenarios. /Forests have greater heat fluxes than non-forest ecosystems, resulting from their greater surface roughness. /Tropical rainforests have large latent heat fluxes that result in the development of clouds, which reflect solar radiation back to space./Temperate and boreal forests have major seasonal variations in energy fluxes and can reduce seasonal cooling by masking snow.-> Land use has a major impact on energy balance and on water and carbon cycle and through all of these on the climate system.Globally, terrestrial ecosystems sequester about 25% of CO2 emissions./What is the net carbon uptake for Australian ecosystems/continent?/What is the stability of the land-based carbon sinks into the future?/What does this mean for future climate?Impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystem functioning can be informed and quantified by energy, water and carbon budgets/Atmospheric scientists need a tool to quantify surface energy fluxes at the land–atmosphere interface, asthese energy fluxes influence weather and climate. /Similarly, ecosystem scientists need a tool that assesses the flows of carbon, water, and energy to and from the terrestrial biosphere across the spectrum of time- and space scales over which the biosphere operates. /OzFlux provides such a tool. It consists of an continental scale array of micrometeorological towers that are measuring flux densities of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between vegetation and the atmosphere on a quasi continuous and long-term (multiyear) basis.
- Purpose of Facility/The eddy covariance method, a micrometeorological technique, provides a direct measure on net carbon and water fluxes between vegetated canopies and the atmosphere./With the eddy covariance method we are sampling a relatively large area of land. Typical footprints have longitudinal length scales of 100–2000 m. If deployed as a coordinated network of measurements sites, the eddy covariance method has the potential of quantifying how whole landscaps respond to a spectrum of climate regimes, thereby expanding the spatial scope of this method. (NT transect)/Measured alongside with the drivers of the flows, flux tower measurements enable us to gain insights on physiological mechanisms that govern the exchanges of carbon and water between the surface and the atmosphere. (Modeling)/Another attribute of the eddy covariance method is that with current technology, we are able to measure mass and energy fluxes over short and long timescales (hour, days, seasons, and years) with minimal disturbance to the underlying vegetation.
- Key Questions being Addressed/Schematic of a ecosystem processes at hourly, daily and annual-decadal time scales. Measurements at flux stations are used to improve process understanding, evaluate model parameters and model performance at scales of hours to decades.
- Key Questions being Addressed/How long is long enough?/Which drivers act on which time scale has been derived by coherence spectra. For modeling purposes we need to know processes and what drives them on time scales from hours to years!
- Aim and ObjectivesGreen markers are sites not funded by TERN-EIF and liable to close without support.# sites: 22#operating sites: 17#TERN supported: 12 #not TERN supported: 10Note: Not shown are Coolabah/Weeli Wolli; DaintreeSome of yellow pins are not funded by TERN (Dargo, Otway, Cape Trib)There are 2 x Daly R.Not sure if 1 or Daly’s are continuing, along with Dry & HSSpecial attention to NATTExisting OzFlux sites are located in a wide large range of climates and biomes: /wet schlerophyll forest/dry schlerophyll forest /tropical notophyll vine forest/coastal heath/Mallee woodland/alpine C3 grasslands/tropical C4 grasslands/arid Mulga/tropical savannas.
- Aim and ObjectivesGreen markers are sites not funded by TERN-EIF and liable to close without support.# sites: 22#operating sites: 17#TERN supported: 12 #not TERN supported: 10Note: Not shown are Coolabah/Weeli Wolli; DaintreeSome of yellow pins are not funded by TERN (Dargo, Otway, Cape Trib)There are 2 x Daly R.Not sure if 1 or Daly’s are continuing, along with Dry & HSSpecial attention to NATTExisting OzFlux sites are located in a wide large range of climates and biomes: /wet schlerophyll forest/dry schlerophyll forest /tropical notophyll vine forest/coastal heath/Mallee woodland/alpine C3 grasslands/tropical C4 grasslands/arid Mulga/tropical savannas.
- Our plan for community engagement: local to global/bring back to climate space: we seek a distribution of cool to warm to hot climate and hot dry to hot wet climates with low to high radiation loading (colour represents shortwave radiation flux density)/high temp and high shortware radiation flux density and low precipitation/cool climate low shortware radiation flux density and relatively high precipitation + evergreen!
- Our plan for community engagement: local to global/bring back to climate space: we seek a distribution of cool to warm to hot climate and hot dry to hot wet climates with low to high radiation loading (colour represents shortwave radiation flux density)/high temp and high shortware radiation flux density and low precipitation/cool climate low shortware radiation flux density and relatively high precipitation + evergreen!
- Our plan for community engagement: local to global/bring back to climate space: we seek a distribution of cool to warm to hot climate and hot dry to hot wet climates with low to high radiation loading (colour represents shortwave radiation flux density)/high temp and high shortware radiation flux density and low precipitation/cool climate low shortware radiation flux density and relatively high precipitation + evergreen!
- Our plan for community engagement: local to global/bring back to climate space: we seek a distribution of cool to warm to hot climate and hot dry to hot wet climates with low to high radiation loading (colour represents shortwave radiation flux density)/high temp and high shortware radiation flux density and low precipitation/cool climate low shortware radiation flux density and relatively high precipitation + evergreen!
- Our plan for community engagement: regionalNorthern Tropical Savanna Flux Transect (NTSFT)There are three sites on the northern Australia transect that will remain operational, ranging from wet tropical to arid rangelands. Data from these sites are used to assess the impact of changing climatic regimes, fire impacts and grazing activity on carbon and water cycles of Australian savannas. The Alice Springs site (#11) provides a fourth point on the North Australian Tropical Transect.Howard Springs; Daly River (Not funded TERN-EIF); Dry River (Not funded TERN-EIF)Research questions: /How do the fluxes of carbon, water and energy vary spatially and temporally across the savanna region and how do we scale from leaf to landscape? /What are the key differences in climate and ecosystem characteristics that drive the variability in land surface-atmosphere exchanges? /Can the fluxes of carbon, water vapor and heat over the various ecosystems be combined to form a comprehensive and consistent estimate of the regional fluxes and budgets across the landscape?
- Community engagement/aim: knowledge of exchanges of carbon, water, and energy to and from the terrestrial biosphere across the spectrum of time- and space scales./single flux sites can deliver time series of exchanges of carbon, water, and energy/single flux sites can provide parameter estimates in LSM/multiple flux sites can deliver understanding of the exchanges of carbon, water, and energy in space as demonstrated with Northern Tropical Savanna Flux Transect (NTSFT)a network of networks as TERN can bring spatial and temporal information together. This combined information on /stand structure/stand biochemical propertiescan be used to provide the community with the spatiotemporal information on the exchanges of carbon, water, and energy from ecosystem to the continent.BUT if we want to provide more than pretty pictures we need flux measurements to validate the models.
- Community engagement/aim: knowledge of exchanges of carbon, water, and energy to and from the terrestrial biosphere across the spectrum of time- and space scales./single flux sites can deliver time series of exchanges of carbon, water, and energy/single flux sites can provide parameter estimates in LSM/multiple flux sites can deliver understanding of the exchanges of carbon, water, and energy in space as demonstrated with Northern Tropical Savanna Flux Transect (NTSFT)a network of networks as TERN can bring spatial and temporal information together. This combined information on /stand structure/stand biochemical propertiescan be used to provide the community with the spatiotemporal information on the exchanges of carbon, water, and energy from ecosystem to the continent.BUT if we want to provide more than pretty pictures we need flux measurements to validate the models.